Recycling of Used Lead-Acid Batteries : Guidelines for Appraisal of Environmental Health Impacts

This framework document provides a pragmatic framework for designing representative studies and developing uniform sampling guidelines to support estimates of morbidity that are explicitly linked to exposure to land-based contaminants from used lead acid battery recycling (ULAB) activities. A primar...

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Main Authors:	von Stackelberg, Katherine, Williams, Pamela, Sánchez-Triana, Ernesto, Enriquez, Santiago
Format:	Book
Published:	Washington, DC: World Bank 2021
Subjects:	RECYCLING LEAD ACID BATTERY MORBIDITY ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS BIOLOGICAL SAMPLING ARSENIC CADMIUM ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT POLLUTANT HEALTH IMPACT
Online Access:	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/36593

id	okr-10986-36593
recordtype	oai_dc
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
topic	RECYCLING LEAD ACID BATTERY MORBIDITY ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS BIOLOGICAL SAMPLING ARSENIC CADMIUM ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT POLLUTANT HEALTH IMPACT
spellingShingle	RECYCLING LEAD ACID BATTERY MORBIDITY ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS BIOLOGICAL SAMPLING ARSENIC CADMIUM ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT POLLUTANT HEALTH IMPACT von Stackelberg, Katherine Williams, Pamela Sánchez-Triana, Ernesto Enriquez, Santiago Recycling of Used Lead-Acid Batteries : Guidelines for Appraisal of Environmental Health Impacts
relation	International Development in Focus;
description	This framework document provides a pragmatic framework for designing representative studies and developing uniform sampling guidelines to support estimates of morbidity that are explicitly linked to exposure to land-based contaminants from used lead acid battery recycling (ULAB) activities. A primary goal is to support environmental burden of disease evaluations, which attempt to attribute health outcomes to specific sources of pollution. The guidelines provide recommendations on the most appropriate and cost-effective sampling and analysis methods to ensure the collection of representative population-level data, sample size recommendations for each contaminant and environmental media, biological sampling data, household survey data, and health outcome data. These guidelines focus on small-scale ULABs that are known to generate significant amounts of lead waste through the smelting process, as well as other metals including arsenic and cadmium. A primary concern with lead exposures is the documented association with neurodevelopmental outcomes in children as demonstrated by statistically significantly reduced performance on a battery of cognitive tests. These associations are evident even in the youngest children, and toxicological and epidemiologic data indicate these effects have no threshold. Other potential exposures include arsenic and cadmium, and exposure to these contaminants is also associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes in children, as well as arsenicosis, bladder, lung, and skin cancers, and renal outcomes. The primary objective of this framework document is to guide research to assess the relationship between environmental contamination, exposures, and health outcomes related to a subset of contaminants originating from ULAB activities for particularly vulnerable populations (such as children) and the general population within a single household in the vicinity of ULAB sites in low- and middle-income countries. To achieve this objective, biomonitoring and health outcome data are linked to household survey and environmental data (for example, soil, dust, water, and agricultural products) at the individual level from an exposed population compared to individuals from an unexposed (reference) population. Data on exposures and health outcomes in the same individual across a representative set of individuals is required to support an understanding of the potential impact of ULAB activities on local populations. The guidelines can also assist in building local capacity to conduct environmental assessments following a consistent methodology to facilitate comparability across ULAB sites in different geographic areas. Sampling strategies and methods are prioritized given information needs, resource availability, and other constraints or considerations. The framework document includes a number of supporting appendixes that provide additional resources and references on relevant topics. Data obtained following these recommendations can be used to support consistent, comparable, and standardized community risk and health impact assessments at contaminated sites in low- and middle-income countries. These data can also be used to support economic analyses and risk management decision making for evaluating site cleanup and risk mitigation options in the most cost-effective and efficient manner. Following these recommendations will facilitate comparisons and meta-analyses across studies by standardizing data collection efforts at the community level.
format	Book
author	von Stackelberg, Katherine Williams, Pamela Sánchez-Triana, Ernesto Enriquez, Santiago
author_facet	von Stackelberg, Katherine Williams, Pamela Sánchez-Triana, Ernesto Enriquez, Santiago
author_sort	von Stackelberg, Katherine
title	Recycling of Used Lead-Acid Batteries : Guidelines for Appraisal of Environmental Health Impacts
title_short	Recycling of Used Lead-Acid Batteries : Guidelines for Appraisal of Environmental Health Impacts
title_full	Recycling of Used Lead-Acid Batteries : Guidelines for Appraisal of Environmental Health Impacts
title_fullStr	Recycling of Used Lead-Acid Batteries : Guidelines for Appraisal of Environmental Health Impacts
title_full_unstemmed	Recycling of Used Lead-Acid Batteries : Guidelines for Appraisal of Environmental Health Impacts
title_sort	recycling of used lead-acid batteries : guidelines for appraisal of environmental health impacts
publisher	Washington, DC: World Bank
publishDate	2021
url	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/36593
_version_	1764485574397263872
spelling	okr-10986-365932022-06-14T05:10:33Z Recycling of Used Lead-Acid Batteries : Guidelines for Appraisal of Environmental Health Impacts von Stackelberg, Katherine Williams, Pamela Sánchez-Triana, Ernesto Enriquez, Santiago RECYCLING LEAD ACID BATTERY MORBIDITY ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS BIOLOGICAL SAMPLING ARSENIC CADMIUM ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT POLLUTANT HEALTH IMPACT This framework document provides a pragmatic framework for designing representative studies and developing uniform sampling guidelines to support estimates of morbidity that are explicitly linked to exposure to land-based contaminants from used lead acid battery recycling (ULAB) activities. A primary goal is to support environmental burden of disease evaluations, which attempt to attribute health outcomes to specific sources of pollution. The guidelines provide recommendations on the most appropriate and cost-effective sampling and analysis methods to ensure the collection of representative population-level data, sample size recommendations for each contaminant and environmental media, biological sampling data, household survey data, and health outcome data. These guidelines focus on small-scale ULABs that are known to generate significant amounts of lead waste through the smelting process, as well as other metals including arsenic and cadmium. A primary concern with lead exposures is the documented association with neurodevelopmental outcomes in children as demonstrated by statistically significantly reduced performance on a battery of cognitive tests. These associations are evident even in the youngest children, and toxicological and epidemiologic data indicate these effects have no threshold. Other potential exposures include arsenic and cadmium, and exposure to these contaminants is also associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes in children, as well as arsenicosis, bladder, lung, and skin cancers, and renal outcomes. The primary objective of this framework document is to guide research to assess the relationship between environmental contamination, exposures, and health outcomes related to a subset of contaminants originating from ULAB activities for particularly vulnerable populations (such as children) and the general population within a single household in the vicinity of ULAB sites in low- and middle-income countries. To achieve this objective, biomonitoring and health outcome data are linked to household survey and environmental data (for example, soil, dust, water, and agricultural products) at the individual level from an exposed population compared to individuals from an unexposed (reference) population. Data on exposures and health outcomes in the same individual across a representative set of individuals is required to support an understanding of the potential impact of ULAB activities on local populations. The guidelines can also assist in building local capacity to conduct environmental assessments following a consistent methodology to facilitate comparability across ULAB sites in different geographic areas. Sampling strategies and methods are prioritized given information needs, resource availability, and other constraints or considerations. The framework document includes a number of supporting appendixes that provide additional resources and references on relevant topics. Data obtained following these recommendations can be used to support consistent, comparable, and standardized community risk and health impact assessments at contaminated sites in low- and middle-income countries. These data can also be used to support economic analyses and risk management decision making for evaluating site cleanup and risk mitigation options in the most cost-effective and efficient manner. Following these recommendations will facilitate comparisons and meta-analyses across studies by standardizing data collection efforts at the community level. 2021-11-17T21:09:56Z 2021-11-17T21:09:56Z 2022 Book 978-1-4648-1820-2 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/36593 International Development in Focus; CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank Washington, DC: World Bank Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Publication

Recycling of Used Lead-Acid Batteries : Guidelines for Appraisal of Environmental Health Impacts

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