Artisanal Scale Gold Mining : A Framework for Collecting Site-Specific Sampling and Survey Data to Support Health-Impact Analyses

This framework document provides a pragmatic approach for designing representative studies and developing uniform sampling guidelines to support estimates of morbidity that are explicitly linked to exposure to land-based contaminants from artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) activities. A primar...

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Main Authors:	von Stackelberg, Katherine, Williams, Pamela R.D., Sánchez-Triana, Ernesto
Format:	Book
Published:	Washington, DC: World Bank 2021
Subjects:	MORBIDITY MERCURY POISONING LEAD POISONING ARSENIC ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS MINING POLLUTION ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT GOLD MINING HEALTH MONITORING SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT
Online Access:	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/36592

id	okr-10986-36592
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-365922022-06-14T05:10:31Z Artisanal Scale Gold Mining : A Framework for Collecting Site-Specific Sampling and Survey Data to Support Health-Impact Analyses von Stackelberg, Katherine Williams, Pamela R.D. Sánchez-Triana, Ernesto MORBIDITY MERCURY POISONING LEAD POISONING ARSENIC ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS MINING POLLUTION ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT GOLD MINING HEALTH MONITORING SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT This framework document provides a pragmatic approach for designing representative studies and developing uniform sampling guidelines to support estimates of morbidity that are explicitly linked to exposure to land-based contaminants from artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) activities. A primary goal is to support environmental burden-of-disease evaluations, which attempt to attribute health outcomes to specific sources of pollution. The guidelines provide recommendations on the most appropriate and cost-effective sampling and analysis methods to ensure the collection of representative population-level data, sample size recommendations for each contaminant and environmental media, biological-sampling data, household-survey data, and health-outcome data. This framework focuses on ASGM activities that are known to use and generate mercury (Hg) as well as other metals, such as arsenic (As) and lead (Pb), depending on the specific ores being mined. A particular concern with Hg is the conversion to methylmercury (MeHg) in aquatic environments, leading to bioaccumulation and biomagnification in fish that may be locally consumed. Exposures to Hg, MeHg, and Pb are strongly associated with neurodevelopmental health outcomes in children. Exposures to Hg and MeHg are also associated with neurological illnesses in adults. Exposures to Pb are associated with renal outcomes in children and adults, and cardiovascular outcomes in adults. Exposures to As are associated with neurodevelopmental health outcomes in children, arsenicosis and skin disorders in children and adults, and potential cancers in adults, including skin, bladder, and lung. The primary objective of this framework is to guide research to assess the relationship between environmental contamination, exposures, and health outcomes related to a subset of contaminants originating from ASGM activities for particularly vulnerable populations (such as children) and the general population within a single household in the vicinity of ASGM sites in low- and medium-income countries. To achieve this objective, biomonitoring and health-outcome data are linked to household-survey and environmental data (for example, soil, dust, water, agricultural products, and fish) at the individual level from an exposed population compared to individuals from an unexposed (reference) population. Data on exposures and health outcomes in the same individual across a representative set of individuals is required to support an understanding of the potential impact of ASGM activities on local populations. These guidelines can also assist in building local capacity to conduct environmental assessments following a consistent methodology to facilitate comparability across ASGM sites in different geographic areas. Sampling strategies and methods are prioritized given information needs, resource availability, and other constraints or considerations. The framework includes a number of supporting appendixes that provide additional resources and references on relevant topics. 2021-11-17T20:57:12Z 2021-11-17T20:57:12Z 2022 Book 978-1-4648-1819-6 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/36592 International Development in Focus; CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank Washington, DC: World Bank Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Publication
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
topic	MORBIDITY MERCURY POISONING LEAD POISONING ARSENIC ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS MINING POLLUTION ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT GOLD MINING HEALTH MONITORING SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT
spellingShingle	MORBIDITY MERCURY POISONING LEAD POISONING ARSENIC ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS MINING POLLUTION ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT GOLD MINING HEALTH MONITORING SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT von Stackelberg, Katherine Williams, Pamela R.D. Sánchez-Triana, Ernesto Artisanal Scale Gold Mining : A Framework for Collecting Site-Specific Sampling and Survey Data to Support Health-Impact Analyses
relation	International Development in Focus;
description	This framework document provides a pragmatic approach for designing representative studies and developing uniform sampling guidelines to support estimates of morbidity that are explicitly linked to exposure to land-based contaminants from artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) activities. A primary goal is to support environmental burden-of-disease evaluations, which attempt to attribute health outcomes to specific sources of pollution. The guidelines provide recommendations on the most appropriate and cost-effective sampling and analysis methods to ensure the collection of representative population-level data, sample size recommendations for each contaminant and environmental media, biological-sampling data, household-survey data, and health-outcome data. This framework focuses on ASGM activities that are known to use and generate mercury (Hg) as well as other metals, such as arsenic (As) and lead (Pb), depending on the specific ores being mined. A particular concern with Hg is the conversion to methylmercury (MeHg) in aquatic environments, leading to bioaccumulation and biomagnification in fish that may be locally consumed. Exposures to Hg, MeHg, and Pb are strongly associated with neurodevelopmental health outcomes in children. Exposures to Hg and MeHg are also associated with neurological illnesses in adults. Exposures to Pb are associated with renal outcomes in children and adults, and cardiovascular outcomes in adults. Exposures to As are associated with neurodevelopmental health outcomes in children, arsenicosis and skin disorders in children and adults, and potential cancers in adults, including skin, bladder, and lung. The primary objective of this framework is to guide research to assess the relationship between environmental contamination, exposures, and health outcomes related to a subset of contaminants originating from ASGM activities for particularly vulnerable populations (such as children) and the general population within a single household in the vicinity of ASGM sites in low- and medium-income countries. To achieve this objective, biomonitoring and health-outcome data are linked to household-survey and environmental data (for example, soil, dust, water, agricultural products, and fish) at the individual level from an exposed population compared to individuals from an unexposed (reference) population. Data on exposures and health outcomes in the same individual across a representative set of individuals is required to support an understanding of the potential impact of ASGM activities on local populations. These guidelines can also assist in building local capacity to conduct environmental assessments following a consistent methodology to facilitate comparability across ASGM sites in different geographic areas. Sampling strategies and methods are prioritized given information needs, resource availability, and other constraints or considerations. The framework includes a number of supporting appendixes that provide additional resources and references on relevant topics.
format	Book
author	von Stackelberg, Katherine Williams, Pamela R.D. Sánchez-Triana, Ernesto
author_facet	von Stackelberg, Katherine Williams, Pamela R.D. Sánchez-Triana, Ernesto
author_sort	von Stackelberg, Katherine
title	Artisanal Scale Gold Mining : A Framework for Collecting Site-Specific Sampling and Survey Data to Support Health-Impact Analyses
title_short	Artisanal Scale Gold Mining : A Framework for Collecting Site-Specific Sampling and Survey Data to Support Health-Impact Analyses
title_full	Artisanal Scale Gold Mining : A Framework for Collecting Site-Specific Sampling and Survey Data to Support Health-Impact Analyses
title_fullStr	Artisanal Scale Gold Mining : A Framework for Collecting Site-Specific Sampling and Survey Data to Support Health-Impact Analyses
title_full_unstemmed	Artisanal Scale Gold Mining : A Framework for Collecting Site-Specific Sampling and Survey Data to Support Health-Impact Analyses
title_sort	artisanal scale gold mining : a framework for collecting site-specific sampling and survey data to support health-impact analyses
publisher	Washington, DC: World Bank
publishDate	2021
url	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/36592
_version_	1764485572503535616

Artisanal Scale Gold Mining : A Framework for Collecting Site-Specific Sampling and Survey Data to Support Health-Impact Analyses

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