Are All Air Pollution Particles Equal? How Constituents and Sources of Fine Air Pollution Particles (PM2.5) Affect Health
Global studies of the health impacts of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) have been based on particle mass, but there is evolving evidence indicating that adverse health effects can vary depending on the source and composition of PM2.5. This complica...
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2021
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/undefined/810141630705865331/Are-All-Air-Pollution-Particles-Equal-How-Constituents-and-Sources-of-Fine-Air-Pollution-Particles-PM2-5-Affect-Health http://hdl.handle.net/10986/36269 |
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okr-10986-362692021-09-15T05:11:01Z Are All Air Pollution Particles Equal? How Constituents and Sources of Fine Air Pollution Particles (PM2.5) Affect Health Thurston, George Awe, Yewande Ostro, Bart Sanchez-Triana, Ernesto AIR POLLUTION PARTICULATE MATTER PM2.5 DAILY MORTALITY HEALTH EFFECT Global studies of the health impacts of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) have been based on particle mass, but there is evolving evidence indicating that adverse health effects can vary depending on the source and composition of PM2.5. This complicates the equitoxicity assumption commonly made regarding particle air pollution while raising the question as to which types of PM2.5 are most toxic. This report provides a comprehensive review of health effects of short- and long-term exposures to source-related components and trace constituents (specific markers of the individual sources) of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in outdoor air pollution. The analysis evaluates the data and methods used, as well as the uncertainties in the underlying epidemiological studies, based on the relevant published literature. Most deaths attributed to outdoor PM2.5 air pollution (for example, by the Global Burden of Disease study) are caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD). The current evidence summarized in this report indicates that trace constituents from PM2.5 and PM2.5 mass from fossil-fuel combustion are among the greatest contributors to PM2.5 toxicity. Notably, PM2.5 from fossil-fuel combustion poses a larger cardiovascular disease risk per unit mass of PM2.5 than soil or biomass particles. Of the fossil-fuel combustion particles, coal- and traffic-related PM2.5 were found to be most consistently associated with cardiovascular mortality, especially due to ischemic heart disease (heart attacks) in both the short- and long-term exposure studies that were reviewed. 2021-09-14T20:40:49Z 2021-09-14T20:40:49Z 2021-09-03 Report http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/undefined/810141630705865331/Are-All-Air-Pollution-Particles-Equal-How-Constituents-and-Sources-of-Fine-Air-Pollution-Particles-PM2-5-Affect-Health http://hdl.handle.net/10986/36269 English CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work Economic & Sector Work :: Other Environmental Study |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
AIR POLLUTION PARTICULATE MATTER PM2.5 DAILY MORTALITY HEALTH EFFECT |
| spellingShingle |
AIR POLLUTION PARTICULATE MATTER PM2.5 DAILY MORTALITY HEALTH EFFECT Thurston, George Awe, Yewande Ostro, Bart Sanchez-Triana, Ernesto Are All Air Pollution Particles Equal? How Constituents and Sources of Fine Air Pollution Particles (PM2.5) Affect Health |
| description |
Global studies of the health impacts of
fine particulate matter (PM2.5) have been based on particle
mass, but there is evolving evidence indicating that adverse
health effects can vary depending on the source and
composition of PM2.5. This complicates the equitoxicity
assumption commonly made regarding particle air pollution
while raising the question as to which types of PM2.5 are
most toxic. This report provides a comprehensive review of
health effects of short- and long-term exposures to
source-related components and trace constituents (specific
markers of the individual sources) of fine particulate
matter (PM2.5) in outdoor air pollution. The analysis
evaluates the data and methods used, as well as the
uncertainties in the underlying epidemiological studies,
based on the relevant published literature. Most deaths
attributed to outdoor PM2.5 air pollution (for example, by
the Global Burden of Disease study) are caused by
cardiovascular disease (CVD). The current evidence
summarized in this report indicates that trace constituents
from PM2.5 and PM2.5 mass from fossil-fuel combustion are
among the greatest contributors to PM2.5 toxicity. Notably,
PM2.5 from fossil-fuel combustion poses a larger
cardiovascular disease risk per unit mass of PM2.5 than soil
or biomass particles. Of the fossil-fuel combustion
particles, coal- and traffic-related PM2.5 were found to be
most consistently associated with cardiovascular mortality,
especially due to ischemic heart disease (heart attacks) in
both the short- and long-term exposure studies that were reviewed. |
| format |
Report |
| author |
Thurston, George Awe, Yewande Ostro, Bart Sanchez-Triana, Ernesto |
| author_facet |
Thurston, George Awe, Yewande Ostro, Bart Sanchez-Triana, Ernesto |
| author_sort |
Thurston, George |
| title |
Are All Air Pollution Particles Equal? How Constituents and Sources of Fine Air Pollution Particles (PM2.5) Affect Health |
| title_short |
Are All Air Pollution Particles Equal? How Constituents and Sources of Fine Air Pollution Particles (PM2.5) Affect Health |
| title_full |
Are All Air Pollution Particles Equal? How Constituents and Sources of Fine Air Pollution Particles (PM2.5) Affect Health |
| title_fullStr |
Are All Air Pollution Particles Equal? How Constituents and Sources of Fine Air Pollution Particles (PM2.5) Affect Health |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Are All Air Pollution Particles Equal? How Constituents and Sources of Fine Air Pollution Particles (PM2.5) Affect Health |
| title_sort |
are all air pollution particles equal? how constituents and sources of fine air pollution particles (pm2.5) affect health |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/undefined/810141630705865331/Are-All-Air-Pollution-Particles-Equal-How-Constituents-and-Sources-of-Fine-Air-Pollution-Particles-PM2-5-Affect-Health http://hdl.handle.net/10986/36269 |
| _version_ |
1764484907486150656 |