Putting the Green Back in Greenbacks : Opportunities for a Truly Green Stimulus
Can countries reorient their productive capacity to become more environmentally friendly and inclusive? To investigate this question, this paper uses a standard input-output modeling framework and data from 141 countries and regions to construct a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
World Bank, Washington, DC
2021
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/204371627567325630/Putting-the-Green-Back-in-Greenbacks-Opportunities-for-a-Truly-Green-Stimulus http://hdl.handle.net/10986/36053 |
| Summary: | Can countries reorient their productive
capacity to become more environmentally friendly and
inclusive? To investigate this question, this paper uses a
standard input-output modeling framework and data from 141
countries and regions to construct a new global data set of
employment, value-added, greenhouse gas emissions
(disaggregated into carbon dioxide and non-carbon dioxide
elements), and air pollution (including nine categories of
air pollutants such as fine particulate matter multipliers
from supply-side investments. The analysis finds that many
of the traditional sectors in agriculture and industry have
large employment multipliers, but also generate male
dominant, lower skill employment, and tend to have higher
emissions multipliers. It is in economies dominated by these
sectors that trade-offs to a “greener” transition will
emerge most sharply. However, the analysis finds substantial
heterogeneity in outcomes, so even in these economies, there
exist other sectors with high employment multipliers and low
emissions, including sectors that are more conducive to
female employment. In addition, the analysis finds a high
correlation between industries that generate greenhouse gas
emissions, which cause long-term climate impacts, and those
that generate air pollution, which have immediate harmful
impacts on human health, suggesting that policies could be
designed to confer longer climate benefits simultaneously
with immediate health improvements. The results confirm some
of the findings from recent research and shed new light on
opportunities for greening economies. |
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