Women and STEM in Europe and Central Asia
In the last decades, developed economies have witnessed significant declines in wages for low-skill workers, increases in employment in high-skill occupations, rapid diffusion of new technology, and expanding offshoring opportunities. Labor markets...
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2021
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/306791618914384894/Women-and-STEM-in-Europe-and-Central-Asia http://hdl.handle.net/10986/35463 |
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okr-10986-354632021-06-14T09:55:37Z Women and STEM in Europe and Central Asia Munoz Boudet, Ana Maria Rodriguez Chamussy, Lourdes Chiarella, Christina Oral Savonitto, Isil EDUCATION SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION STEM GENDER GAP TERTIARY EDUCATION GENDER DYNAMICS LABOR MARKET RETURNS TO EDUCATION GENDER WAGE GAP OCCUPATIONAL DISTRIBUTION In the last decades, developed economies have witnessed significant declines in wages for low-skill workers, increases in employment in high-skill occupations, rapid diffusion of new technology, and expanding offshoring opportunities. Labor markets in developed countries have reallocated labor from manual to cognitive jobs and from routine to non-routine work. Overall, workers are now required to do more complex tasks than before. In a changing labor market, education systems should impart the right skills, ideally both foundational ones and additional skills that will be amenable to adaptation and re-training to match with job opportunities. This is even more important in the ECA region given the context of the increasing share of older people who will depend on today’s generation of children when they join the working age population. Women’s access to and progress in what is generally referred to as STEM fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics are topics that have been growing in significance in recent years. The interest in gender segregation in STEM, as in other sectors, arises mainly from the role segregation plays in gender inequality in the labor markets. Gender differences in productivity and earnings are systematic and persistent as women exhibit lower average productivity and earn lower wages than men across the board. The report is organized into three chapters. The first one looks at education - including STEM content and fields of study that are within the education realm. The second one follows women into the labor market and looks at employment and wages in STEM sectors and for STEM occupations. The final section looks at policies, from the many initiatives and efforts in place to promote women’s participation in STEM, with a focus on those that have documented results. 2021-04-20T18:50:55Z 2021-04-20T18:50:55Z 2021 Report http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/306791618914384894/Women-and-STEM-in-Europe-and-Central-Asia http://hdl.handle.net/10986/35463 English CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work Economic & Sector Work :: Other Education Study Europe and Central Asia Central Asia Eastern Europe Europe and Central Asia |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
EDUCATION SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION STEM GENDER GAP TERTIARY EDUCATION GENDER DYNAMICS LABOR MARKET RETURNS TO EDUCATION GENDER WAGE GAP OCCUPATIONAL DISTRIBUTION |
| spellingShingle |
EDUCATION SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION STEM GENDER GAP TERTIARY EDUCATION GENDER DYNAMICS LABOR MARKET RETURNS TO EDUCATION GENDER WAGE GAP OCCUPATIONAL DISTRIBUTION Munoz Boudet, Ana Maria Rodriguez Chamussy, Lourdes Chiarella, Christina Oral Savonitto, Isil Women and STEM in Europe and Central Asia |
| geographic_facet |
Europe and Central Asia Central Asia Eastern Europe Europe and Central Asia |
| description |
In the last decades, developed economies
have witnessed significant declines in wages for low-skill
workers, increases in employment in high-skill occupations,
rapid diffusion of new technology, and expanding offshoring
opportunities. Labor markets in developed countries have
reallocated labor from manual to cognitive jobs and from
routine to non-routine work. Overall, workers are now
required to do more complex tasks than before. In a changing
labor market, education systems should impart the right
skills, ideally both foundational ones and additional skills
that will be amenable to adaptation and re-training to match
with job opportunities. This is even more important in the
ECA region given the context of the increasing share of
older people who will depend on today’s generation of
children when they join the working age population. Women’s
access to and progress in what is generally referred to as
STEM fields of science, technology, engineering, and
mathematics are topics that have been growing in
significance in recent years. The interest in gender
segregation in STEM, as in other sectors, arises mainly from
the role segregation plays in gender inequality in the labor
markets. Gender differences in productivity and earnings are
systematic and persistent as women exhibit lower average
productivity and earn lower wages than men across the board.
The report is organized into three chapters. The first one
looks at education - including STEM content and fields of
study that are within the education realm. The second one
follows women into the labor market and looks at employment
and wages in STEM sectors and for STEM occupations. The
final section looks at policies, from the many initiatives
and efforts in place to promote women’s participation in
STEM, with a focus on those that have documented results. |
| format |
Report |
| author |
Munoz Boudet, Ana Maria Rodriguez Chamussy, Lourdes Chiarella, Christina Oral Savonitto, Isil |
| author_facet |
Munoz Boudet, Ana Maria Rodriguez Chamussy, Lourdes Chiarella, Christina Oral Savonitto, Isil |
| author_sort |
Munoz Boudet, Ana Maria |
| title |
Women and STEM in Europe and Central Asia |
| title_short |
Women and STEM in Europe and Central Asia |
| title_full |
Women and STEM in Europe and Central Asia |
| title_fullStr |
Women and STEM in Europe and Central Asia |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Women and STEM in Europe and Central Asia |
| title_sort |
women and stem in europe and central asia |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/306791618914384894/Women-and-STEM-in-Europe-and-Central-Asia http://hdl.handle.net/10986/35463 |
| _version_ |
1764483089595105280 |