Trends and Determinants of Female Labor Force Participation in Morocco : An Initial Exploratory Analysis
The U-shape theory argues that at early stages of development, countries experience a reduction in the female labor force participation, eventually followed by a recovery. In Morocco, female labor force participation is now lower than it was two de...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
World Bank, Washington, DC
2021
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/269721616435662650/Trends-and-Determinants-of-Female-Labor-Force-Participation-in-Morocco-An-Initial-Exploratory-Analysis http://hdl.handle.net/10986/35303 |
| id |
okr-10986-35303 |
|---|---|
| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| spelling |
okr-10986-353032022-09-20T00:08:45Z Trends and Determinants of Female Labor Force Participation in Morocco : An Initial Exploratory Analysis Lopez-Acevedo, Gladys Devoto, Florencia Morales, Matías Roche Rodriguez, Jaime FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION GENDER GAP LABOR MARKET URBAN EMPLOYMENT GENDER ROLES The U-shape theory argues that at early stages of development, countries experience a reduction in the female labor force participation, eventually followed by a recovery. In Morocco, female labor force participation is now lower than it was two decades ago due to several factors that are discussed in the paper. There is also a persistent 50-percentage-points gender gap in labor force participation rates, despite improvements typically related to development and female inclusion—such as a higher gross domestic product per capita, lower fertility rates, and better access to education. At the same time, urban job creation has not been able to offset rural job destruction nor the increase in the working age population for both genders. Using data from the Moroccan Labor Force Survey, the World Values Survey, and the Arab Barometer, probit models and a multinomial logit are estimated to explore the challenges affecting female insertion into the labor market. The findings show that higher educational attainment increases the probability of female participation, but this relationship has decreased over time, not being enough to offset other obstacles caused by other individual and household characteristics. Being married and the presence of other inactive women are found to decrease female participation. The educational level of the head of household (typically men) increases female inactivity, suggesting that potentially gender roles may drive women out of the labor market and slow the recovery in women’s participation. 2021-03-25T14:04:54Z 2021-03-25T14:04:54Z 2021-03 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/269721616435662650/Trends-and-Determinants-of-Female-Labor-Force-Participation-in-Morocco-An-Initial-Exploratory-Analysis http://hdl.handle.net/10986/35303 English Policy Research Working Paper;No. 9591 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Middle East and North Africa Morocco |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION GENDER GAP LABOR MARKET URBAN EMPLOYMENT GENDER ROLES |
| spellingShingle |
FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION GENDER GAP LABOR MARKET URBAN EMPLOYMENT GENDER ROLES Lopez-Acevedo, Gladys Devoto, Florencia Morales, Matías Roche Rodriguez, Jaime Trends and Determinants of Female Labor Force Participation in Morocco : An Initial Exploratory Analysis |
| geographic_facet |
Middle East and North Africa Morocco |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper;No. 9591 |
| description |
The U-shape theory argues that at early
stages of development, countries experience a reduction in
the female labor force participation, eventually followed by
a recovery. In Morocco, female labor force participation is
now lower than it was two decades ago due to several factors
that are discussed in the paper. There is also a persistent
50-percentage-points gender gap in labor force participation
rates, despite improvements typically related to development
and female inclusion—such as a higher gross domestic product
per capita, lower fertility rates, and better access to
education. At the same time, urban job creation has not been
able to offset rural job destruction nor the increase in the
working age population for both genders. Using data from the
Moroccan Labor Force Survey, the World Values Survey, and
the Arab Barometer, probit models and a multinomial logit
are estimated to explore the challenges affecting female
insertion into the labor market. The findings show that
higher educational attainment increases the probability of
female participation, but this relationship has decreased
over time, not being enough to offset other obstacles caused
by other individual and household characteristics. Being
married and the presence of other inactive women are found
to decrease female participation. The educational level of
the head of household (typically men) increases female
inactivity, suggesting that potentially gender roles may
drive women out of the labor market and slow the recovery in
women’s participation. |
| format |
Working Paper |
| author |
Lopez-Acevedo, Gladys Devoto, Florencia Morales, Matías Roche Rodriguez, Jaime |
| author_facet |
Lopez-Acevedo, Gladys Devoto, Florencia Morales, Matías Roche Rodriguez, Jaime |
| author_sort |
Lopez-Acevedo, Gladys |
| title |
Trends and Determinants of Female Labor Force Participation in Morocco : An Initial Exploratory Analysis |
| title_short |
Trends and Determinants of Female Labor Force Participation in Morocco : An Initial Exploratory Analysis |
| title_full |
Trends and Determinants of Female Labor Force Participation in Morocco : An Initial Exploratory Analysis |
| title_fullStr |
Trends and Determinants of Female Labor Force Participation in Morocco : An Initial Exploratory Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Trends and Determinants of Female Labor Force Participation in Morocco : An Initial Exploratory Analysis |
| title_sort |
trends and determinants of female labor force participation in morocco : an initial exploratory analysis |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/269721616435662650/Trends-and-Determinants-of-Female-Labor-Force-Participation-in-Morocco-An-Initial-Exploratory-Analysis http://hdl.handle.net/10986/35303 |
| _version_ |
1764482752526155776 |