The Causal Effects of Long-Term PM2.5 Exposure on COVID-19 in India

The Causal Effects of Long-Term PM2.5 Exposure on COVID-19 in India

This study investigates the causal effects of long-term particulate matter 2.5 exposure on COVID-19 deaths, fatality rates, and cases in India by using an instrumental variables approach based on thermal inversion episodes. The estimation results i...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yamada, Takahiro, Yamada, Hiroyuki, Mani, Muthukumara
Format: Working Paper
Language:English
Published: World Bank, Washington, DC 2021
Subjects:
CORONAVIRUS
COVID-19
PANDEMIC IMPACT
AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION
INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES
THERMAL INVERSION
PARTICULATE MATTER
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/655721612964437622/The-Causal-Effects-of-Long-Term-PM2-5-Exposure-on-COVID-19-in-India
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/35135
id okr-10986-35135
recordtype oai_dc
spelling okr-10986-351352022-09-20T00:10:22Z The Causal Effects of Long-Term PM2.5 Exposure on COVID-19 in India Yamada, Takahiro Yamada, Hiroyuki Mani, Muthukumara CORONAVIRUS COVID-19 PANDEMIC IMPACT AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES THERMAL INVERSION PARTICULATE MATTER This study investigates the causal effects of long-term particulate matter 2.5 exposure on COVID-19 deaths, fatality rates, and cases in India by using an instrumental variables approach based on thermal inversion episodes. The estimation results indicate that a 1 percent increase in long-term exposure to particulate matter 2.5 leads to an increase in COVID-19 deaths by 5.7 percentage points and an increase in the COVID-19 fatality rate by 0.027 percentage point, but this exposure is not necessarily correlated with COVID-19 cases. People with underlying health conditions such as respiratory illness caused by exposure to air pollution might have a higher risk of death following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This finding might also apply to other countries where high levels of air pollution are a critical issue for development and public health. 2021-02-11T18:14:09Z 2021-02-11T18:14:09Z 2021-02 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/655721612964437622/The-Causal-Effects-of-Long-Term-PM2-5-Exposure-on-COVID-19-in-India http://hdl.handle.net/10986/35135 English Policy Research Working Paper;No. 9543 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper South Asia India
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution Digital Repositories
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection World Bank
language English
topic CORONAVIRUS
COVID-19
PANDEMIC IMPACT
AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION
INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES
THERMAL INVERSION
PARTICULATE MATTER
spellingShingle CORONAVIRUS
COVID-19
PANDEMIC IMPACT
AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION
INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES
THERMAL INVERSION
PARTICULATE MATTER
Yamada, Takahiro
Yamada, Hiroyuki
Mani, Muthukumara
The Causal Effects of Long-Term PM2.5 Exposure on COVID-19 in India
geographic_facet South Asia
India
relation Policy Research Working Paper;No. 9543
description This study investigates the causal effects of long-term particulate matter 2.5 exposure on COVID-19 deaths, fatality rates, and cases in India by using an instrumental variables approach based on thermal inversion episodes. The estimation results indicate that a 1 percent increase in long-term exposure to particulate matter 2.5 leads to an increase in COVID-19 deaths by 5.7 percentage points and an increase in the COVID-19 fatality rate by 0.027 percentage point, but this exposure is not necessarily correlated with COVID-19 cases. People with underlying health conditions such as respiratory illness caused by exposure to air pollution might have a higher risk of death following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This finding might also apply to other countries where high levels of air pollution are a critical issue for development and public health.
format Working Paper
author Yamada, Takahiro
Yamada, Hiroyuki
Mani, Muthukumara
author_facet Yamada, Takahiro
Yamada, Hiroyuki
Mani, Muthukumara
author_sort Yamada, Takahiro
title The Causal Effects of Long-Term PM2.5 Exposure on COVID-19 in India
title_short The Causal Effects of Long-Term PM2.5 Exposure on COVID-19 in India
title_full The Causal Effects of Long-Term PM2.5 Exposure on COVID-19 in India
title_fullStr The Causal Effects of Long-Term PM2.5 Exposure on COVID-19 in India
title_full_unstemmed The Causal Effects of Long-Term PM2.5 Exposure on COVID-19 in India
title_sort causal effects of long-term pm2.5 exposure on covid-19 in india
publisher World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate 2021
url http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/655721612964437622/The-Causal-Effects-of-Long-Term-PM2-5-Exposure-on-COVID-19-in-India
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/35135
_version_ 1764482398237491200

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