War and Women’s Work : Evidence from the Conflict in Nepal
This paper examines how Nepal's 1996-2006 civil conflict affected women's decisions to engage in employment. Using three waves of the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, the authors employ a difference-in-difference approach to identify...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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2012
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| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110801160526 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3509 |
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okr-10986-35092021-04-23T14:02:10Z War and Women’s Work : Evidence from the Conflict in Nepal Menon, Nidhiya van der Meulen Rodgers, Yana ABDUCTION ACCESS TO EDUCATION ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY AGE OF MARRIAGE AGGREGATE INCOME AGRICULTURAL SELF-EMPLOYMENT AGRICULTURAL WAGE AGRICULTURAL WAGE EMPLOYMENT AID AGENCIES BULLETIN BUSINESS CYCLE CASH EARNINGS CHILD WELFARE CHILD-CARE CIVIL CONFLICT CIVIL WAR DEMOCRACY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISABILITY DISPLACEMENT DISSEMINATION DIVORCE DOMINANCE ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC SHOCK ECONOMIC SHOCKS ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN EDUCATED WOMEN ELDERLY EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS EMPLOYMENT IMPACTS EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS EMPLOYMENT PROBABILITIES EMPLOYMENT STATUS ETHNIC GROUP ETHNIC GROUPS EXCLUSION RESTRICTION FAMILIES FAMILY HEALTH FAMILY HEALTH DIVISION FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY PLANNING FARM PRODUCTION FARM WORK FEMALE FEMALE LABOR FERTILITY FERTILITY DECLINE FOOD SECURITY FORCED MIGRATION FOREIGN LABOR FOREST COVER FORESTED REGIONS FUTURE GENERATIONS GENDER GENDER STUDIES GENOCIDE GIRL CHILDREN HEADS OF HOUSEHOLDS HEALTH SYSTEMS HOME HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION HOUSEHOLD FACTORS HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION HUSBAND HUSBANDS IMPACT OF CONFLICT IMPORTANT POLICY INCOME INEQUALITY INDICATOR OF POVERTY INEQUITIES INFORMAL SECTOR JOB CREATION JOB LOSS JOBS JUDGE LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE LABOR MARKETS LABOR MIGRATION LABOR STANDARDS LABOR SUPPLY LABOUR LABOUR SUPPLY LOCAL POPULATION MALE WORKERS MARITAL STATUS MARRIED COUPLES MARRIED WOMEN MIGRANT MIGRANTS MIGRATION MINISTRY OF HEALTH MORTALITY MORTALITY OF MEN NATIONAL LEVEL NUMBER OF DEATHS NUMBER OF WOMEN OCCUPATION OCCUPATIONS OLDER WOMEN PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN PAYING JOBS PEACE POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POPULATION STUDIES POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY REDUCTION PREVIOUS RESULTS PRIMARY SCHOOL PROBIT EQUATIONS PROBIT REGRESSION PROBIT REGRESSIONS PROGRESS RADIO REGIONAL LEVEL REMITTANCE REMITTANCES RESIDENCE RURAL RURAL AREAS SCHOOL AGE SCHOOLING SECONDARY SCHOOL SELF-EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL CHANGE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS SPOUSE SUB-REGION SUB-REGIONS SUBREGIONS SUBSISTENCE SUBSISTENCE FARMING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TARGETING TELEVISION UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT VICTIMS VOCATIONAL TRAINING WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAR WARS WIDOWS WILL WIVES WOMAN WOMEN'S STATUS WOMENS LABOR FORCE WORK BURDENS WORKER This paper examines how Nepal's 1996-2006 civil conflict affected women's decisions to engage in employment. Using three waves of the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, the authors employ a difference-in-difference approach to identify the impact of war on women's employment decisions. The results indicate that as a result of the Maoist-led insurgency, women's employment probabilities were substantially higher in 2001 and 2006 relative to the outbreak of war in 1996. These employment results also hold for self-employment decisions, and they hold for smaller sub-samples that condition on husband's migration status and women's status as widows or household heads. Numerous robustness checks of the difference-in-difference estimates based on alternative empirical methods provide compelling evidence that women's likelihood of employment increased as a consequence of the conflict. 2012-03-19T18:03:44Z 2012-03-19T18:03:44Z 2011-08-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110801160526 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3509 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5745 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research South Asia South Asia South Asia Asia Nepal |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ABDUCTION ACCESS TO EDUCATION ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY AGE OF MARRIAGE AGGREGATE INCOME AGRICULTURAL SELF-EMPLOYMENT AGRICULTURAL WAGE AGRICULTURAL WAGE EMPLOYMENT AID AGENCIES BULLETIN BUSINESS CYCLE CASH EARNINGS CHILD WELFARE CHILD-CARE CIVIL CONFLICT CIVIL WAR DEMOCRACY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISABILITY DISPLACEMENT DISSEMINATION DIVORCE DOMINANCE ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC SHOCK ECONOMIC SHOCKS ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN EDUCATED WOMEN ELDERLY EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS EMPLOYMENT IMPACTS EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS EMPLOYMENT PROBABILITIES EMPLOYMENT STATUS ETHNIC GROUP ETHNIC GROUPS EXCLUSION RESTRICTION FAMILIES FAMILY HEALTH FAMILY HEALTH DIVISION FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY PLANNING FARM PRODUCTION FARM WORK FEMALE FEMALE LABOR FERTILITY FERTILITY DECLINE FOOD SECURITY FORCED MIGRATION FOREIGN LABOR FOREST COVER FORESTED REGIONS FUTURE GENERATIONS GENDER GENDER STUDIES GENOCIDE GIRL CHILDREN HEADS OF HOUSEHOLDS HEALTH SYSTEMS HOME HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION HOUSEHOLD FACTORS HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION HUSBAND HUSBANDS IMPACT OF CONFLICT IMPORTANT POLICY INCOME INEQUALITY INDICATOR OF POVERTY INEQUITIES INFORMAL SECTOR JOB CREATION JOB LOSS JOBS JUDGE LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE LABOR MARKETS LABOR MIGRATION LABOR STANDARDS LABOR SUPPLY LABOUR LABOUR SUPPLY LOCAL POPULATION MALE WORKERS MARITAL STATUS MARRIED COUPLES MARRIED WOMEN MIGRANT MIGRANTS MIGRATION MINISTRY OF HEALTH MORTALITY MORTALITY OF MEN NATIONAL LEVEL NUMBER OF DEATHS NUMBER OF WOMEN OCCUPATION OCCUPATIONS OLDER WOMEN PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN PAYING JOBS PEACE POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POPULATION STUDIES POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY REDUCTION PREVIOUS RESULTS PRIMARY SCHOOL PROBIT EQUATIONS PROBIT REGRESSION PROBIT REGRESSIONS PROGRESS RADIO REGIONAL LEVEL REMITTANCE REMITTANCES RESIDENCE RURAL RURAL AREAS SCHOOL AGE SCHOOLING SECONDARY SCHOOL SELF-EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL CHANGE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS SPOUSE SUB-REGION SUB-REGIONS SUBREGIONS SUBSISTENCE SUBSISTENCE FARMING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TARGETING TELEVISION UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT VICTIMS VOCATIONAL TRAINING WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAR WARS WIDOWS WILL WIVES WOMAN WOMEN'S STATUS WOMENS LABOR FORCE WORK BURDENS WORKER |
| spellingShingle |
ABDUCTION ACCESS TO EDUCATION ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY AGE OF MARRIAGE AGGREGATE INCOME AGRICULTURAL SELF-EMPLOYMENT AGRICULTURAL WAGE AGRICULTURAL WAGE EMPLOYMENT AID AGENCIES BULLETIN BUSINESS CYCLE CASH EARNINGS CHILD WELFARE CHILD-CARE CIVIL CONFLICT CIVIL WAR DEMOCRACY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISABILITY DISPLACEMENT DISSEMINATION DIVORCE DOMINANCE ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC SHOCK ECONOMIC SHOCKS ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN EDUCATED WOMEN ELDERLY EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS EMPLOYMENT IMPACTS EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS EMPLOYMENT PROBABILITIES EMPLOYMENT STATUS ETHNIC GROUP ETHNIC GROUPS EXCLUSION RESTRICTION FAMILIES FAMILY HEALTH FAMILY HEALTH DIVISION FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY PLANNING FARM PRODUCTION FARM WORK FEMALE FEMALE LABOR FERTILITY FERTILITY DECLINE FOOD SECURITY FORCED MIGRATION FOREIGN LABOR FOREST COVER FORESTED REGIONS FUTURE GENERATIONS GENDER GENDER STUDIES GENOCIDE GIRL CHILDREN HEADS OF HOUSEHOLDS HEALTH SYSTEMS HOME HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION HOUSEHOLD FACTORS HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION HUSBAND HUSBANDS IMPACT OF CONFLICT IMPORTANT POLICY INCOME INEQUALITY INDICATOR OF POVERTY INEQUITIES INFORMAL SECTOR JOB CREATION JOB LOSS JOBS JUDGE LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE LABOR MARKETS LABOR MIGRATION LABOR STANDARDS LABOR SUPPLY LABOUR LABOUR SUPPLY LOCAL POPULATION MALE WORKERS MARITAL STATUS MARRIED COUPLES MARRIED WOMEN MIGRANT MIGRANTS MIGRATION MINISTRY OF HEALTH MORTALITY MORTALITY OF MEN NATIONAL LEVEL NUMBER OF DEATHS NUMBER OF WOMEN OCCUPATION OCCUPATIONS OLDER WOMEN PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN PAYING JOBS PEACE POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POPULATION STUDIES POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY REDUCTION PREVIOUS RESULTS PRIMARY SCHOOL PROBIT EQUATIONS PROBIT REGRESSION PROBIT REGRESSIONS PROGRESS RADIO REGIONAL LEVEL REMITTANCE REMITTANCES RESIDENCE RURAL RURAL AREAS SCHOOL AGE SCHOOLING SECONDARY SCHOOL SELF-EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL CHANGE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS SPOUSE SUB-REGION SUB-REGIONS SUBREGIONS SUBSISTENCE SUBSISTENCE FARMING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TARGETING TELEVISION UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT VICTIMS VOCATIONAL TRAINING WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAR WARS WIDOWS WILL WIVES WOMAN WOMEN'S STATUS WOMENS LABOR FORCE WORK BURDENS WORKER Menon, Nidhiya van der Meulen Rodgers, Yana War and Women’s Work : Evidence from the Conflict in Nepal |
| geographic_facet |
South Asia South Asia South Asia Asia Nepal |
| relation |
Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5745 |
| description |
This paper examines how Nepal's
1996-2006 civil conflict affected women's decisions to
engage in employment. Using three waves of the Nepal
Demographic and Health Survey, the authors employ a
difference-in-difference approach to identify the impact of
war on women's employment decisions. The results
indicate that as a result of the Maoist-led insurgency,
women's employment probabilities were substantially
higher in 2001 and 2006 relative to the outbreak of war in
1996. These employment results also hold for self-employment
decisions, and they hold for smaller sub-samples that
condition on husband's migration status and
women's status as widows or household heads. Numerous
robustness checks of the difference-in-difference estimates
based on alternative empirical methods provide compelling
evidence that women's likelihood of employment
increased as a consequence of the conflict. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Menon, Nidhiya van der Meulen Rodgers, Yana |
| author_facet |
Menon, Nidhiya van der Meulen Rodgers, Yana |
| author_sort |
Menon, Nidhiya |
| title |
War and Women’s Work : Evidence from the Conflict in Nepal |
| title_short |
War and Women’s Work : Evidence from the Conflict in Nepal |
| title_full |
War and Women’s Work : Evidence from the Conflict in Nepal |
| title_fullStr |
War and Women’s Work : Evidence from the Conflict in Nepal |
| title_full_unstemmed |
War and Women’s Work : Evidence from the Conflict in Nepal |
| title_sort |
war and women’s work : evidence from the conflict in nepal |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110801160526 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3509 |
| _version_ |
1764387117701529600 |