War and Women’s Work : Evidence from the Conflict in Nepal

War and Women’s Work : Evidence from the Conflict in Nepal

This paper examines how Nepal's 1996-2006 civil conflict affected women's decisions to engage in employment. Using three waves of the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, the authors employ a difference-in-difference approach to identify...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Menon, Nidhiya, van der Meulen Rodgers, Yana
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	2012
Subjects:	ABDUCTION ACCESS TO EDUCATION ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY AGE OF MARRIAGE AGGREGATE INCOME AGRICULTURAL SELF-EMPLOYMENT AGRICULTURAL WAGE AGRICULTURAL WAGE EMPLOYMENT AID AGENCIES BULLETIN BUSINESS CYCLE CASH EARNINGS CHILD WELFARE CHILD-CARE CIVIL CONFLICT CIVIL WAR DEMOCRACY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISABILITY DISPLACEMENT DISSEMINATION DIVORCE DOMINANCE ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC SHOCK ECONOMIC SHOCKS ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN EDUCATED WOMEN ELDERLY EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS EMPLOYMENT IMPACTS EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS EMPLOYMENT PROBABILITIES EMPLOYMENT STATUS ETHNIC GROUP ETHNIC GROUPS EXCLUSION RESTRICTION FAMILIES FAMILY HEALTH FAMILY HEALTH DIVISION FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY PLANNING FARM PRODUCTION FARM WORK FEMALE FEMALE LABOR FERTILITY FERTILITY DECLINE FOOD SECURITY FORCED MIGRATION FOREIGN LABOR FOREST COVER FORESTED REGIONS FUTURE GENERATIONS GENDER GENDER STUDIES GENOCIDE GIRL CHILDREN HEADS OF HOUSEHOLDS HEALTH SYSTEMS HOME HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION HOUSEHOLD FACTORS HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION HUSBAND HUSBANDS IMPACT OF CONFLICT IMPORTANT POLICY INCOME INEQUALITY INDICATOR OF POVERTY INEQUITIES INFORMAL SECTOR JOB CREATION JOB LOSS JOBS JUDGE LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE LABOR MARKETS LABOR MIGRATION LABOR STANDARDS LABOR SUPPLY LABOUR LABOUR SUPPLY LOCAL POPULATION MALE WORKERS MARITAL STATUS MARRIED COUPLES MARRIED WOMEN MIGRANT MIGRANTS MIGRATION MINISTRY OF HEALTH MORTALITY MORTALITY OF MEN NATIONAL LEVEL NUMBER OF DEATHS NUMBER OF WOMEN OCCUPATION OCCUPATIONS OLDER WOMEN PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN PAYING JOBS PEACE POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POPULATION STUDIES POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY REDUCTION PREVIOUS RESULTS PRIMARY SCHOOL PROBIT EQUATIONS PROBIT REGRESSION PROBIT REGRESSIONS PROGRESS RADIO REGIONAL LEVEL REMITTANCE REMITTANCES RESIDENCE RURAL RURAL AREAS SCHOOL AGE SCHOOLING SECONDARY SCHOOL SELF-EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL CHANGE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS SPOUSE SUB-REGION SUB-REGIONS SUBREGIONS SUBSISTENCE SUBSISTENCE FARMING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TARGETING TELEVISION UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT VICTIMS VOCATIONAL TRAINING WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAR WARS WIDOWS WILL WIVES WOMAN WOMEN'S STATUS WOMENS LABOR FORCE WORK BURDENS WORKER
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110801160526 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3509

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Summary:	This paper examines how Nepal's 1996-2006 civil conflict affected women's decisions to engage in employment. Using three waves of the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, the authors employ a difference-in-difference approach to identify the impact of war on women's employment decisions. The results indicate that as a result of the Maoist-led insurgency, women's employment probabilities were substantially higher in 2001 and 2006 relative to the outbreak of war in 1996. These employment results also hold for self-employment decisions, and they hold for smaller sub-samples that condition on husband's migration status and women's status as widows or household heads. Numerous robustness checks of the difference-in-difference estimates based on alternative empirical methods provide compelling evidence that women's likelihood of employment increased as a consequence of the conflict.

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