The Labor Market, Education and Armed Conflict in Tajikistan
Shortly following its independence in 1991, Tajikistan suffered a violent civil war. This study explores the effect of this conflict on education and labor market outcomes for men and women. The results are based on the data from the 2003 and 2007...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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2012
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| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110726110103 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3500 |
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okr-10986-3500 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ACTIVE LABOR ACTIVE LABOR MARKET ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PARTICIPANTS ADULTHOOD ADULTS AGE GROUP AGE GROUPS AGED ARMED CONFLICT ARMED CONFLICTS BASIC EDUCATION BORROWING BUSINESS CYCLE CIVIL CONFLICT CIVIL WAR CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA CULTURAL CHANGE DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISPLACEMENT DRIVERS EDUCATION OF PARENTS EDUCATION OF WOMEN EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELDERLY EMPLOYABILITY EMPLOYMENT INCREASES EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS EMPLOYMENT STATUS ETHNIC GROUP ETHNIC GROUPS FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE LABOR FEMALES FEWER YEARS OF EDUCATION FIRST MARRIAGE FORCED RESETTLEMENT GENDER GENDER RELATIONS GENDER ROLES GENDER SPECIFIC GENERATIONS GENOCIDE HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SIZE HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RESOURCES HUMAN RIGHTS HUSBANDS IMPACT OF CONFLICT IMPORTANT POLICY INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION JOB OPPORTUNITIES JOBS LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCE LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCES LABOR MARKET IMPACT LABOR MARKET OUTCOME LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LABOUR LABOUR SUPPLY LEGISLATORS LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS LONG-RUN EFFECT LONG-RUN EFFECTS MALE LABOR FORCE MALES MARITAL STATUS MARRIED WOMEN MIDWIVES MIGRANT MIGRANTS MIGRATION MILITARY PERSONNEL MOTHER MOTHERS NATIONAL COMMITTEE NUMBER OF WOMEN NURSES OCCUPATION OCCUPATIONS OLD-AGE OLDER MEN OLDER WOMEN OUTSIDE EMPLOYMENT PARTICIPATION BY WOMEN PEACE PENSIONS PERMANENT JOB PERSISTENT UNEMPLOYMENT POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL ECONOMY PRESENT STUDY PRIMARY REASON PRIVATE TRANSFERS PROBIT REGRESSION PROBIT REGRESSIONS PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS RAPES RATIO OF WOMEN REMITTANCE REMITTANCES RESPECT RURAL AREAS RURAL RESIDENCE SCHOOL AGE SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL DIPLOMA SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL SECONDARY SCHOOLING SEX SEX RATIO SEX RATIOS SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL SECURITY SPOUSE SPOUSES SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE SUBSTITUTION EFFECT TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TRADITIONAL VALUES TRANSPORTATION UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED PEOPLE UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNICEF UNMARRIED WOMEN UNSKILLED WORKERS URBAN DWELLERS VIOLENCE WAGE PREMIUM WAGE STRUCTURE WAGES WOMAN WOMEN EMPLOYMENT WORK EXPERIENCE WORKER WORKERS WORKFORCE YOUNG GIRLS YOUNG WOMEN |
| spellingShingle |
ACTIVE LABOR ACTIVE LABOR MARKET ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PARTICIPANTS ADULTHOOD ADULTS AGE GROUP AGE GROUPS AGED ARMED CONFLICT ARMED CONFLICTS BASIC EDUCATION BORROWING BUSINESS CYCLE CIVIL CONFLICT CIVIL WAR CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA CULTURAL CHANGE DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISPLACEMENT DRIVERS EDUCATION OF PARENTS EDUCATION OF WOMEN EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELDERLY EMPLOYABILITY EMPLOYMENT INCREASES EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS EMPLOYMENT STATUS ETHNIC GROUP ETHNIC GROUPS FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE LABOR FEMALES FEWER YEARS OF EDUCATION FIRST MARRIAGE FORCED RESETTLEMENT GENDER GENDER RELATIONS GENDER ROLES GENDER SPECIFIC GENERATIONS GENOCIDE HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SIZE HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RESOURCES HUMAN RIGHTS HUSBANDS IMPACT OF CONFLICT IMPORTANT POLICY INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION JOB OPPORTUNITIES JOBS LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCE LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCES LABOR MARKET IMPACT LABOR MARKET OUTCOME LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LABOUR LABOUR SUPPLY LEGISLATORS LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS LONG-RUN EFFECT LONG-RUN EFFECTS MALE LABOR FORCE MALES MARITAL STATUS MARRIED WOMEN MIDWIVES MIGRANT MIGRANTS MIGRATION MILITARY PERSONNEL MOTHER MOTHERS NATIONAL COMMITTEE NUMBER OF WOMEN NURSES OCCUPATION OCCUPATIONS OLD-AGE OLDER MEN OLDER WOMEN OUTSIDE EMPLOYMENT PARTICIPATION BY WOMEN PEACE PENSIONS PERMANENT JOB PERSISTENT UNEMPLOYMENT POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL ECONOMY PRESENT STUDY PRIMARY REASON PRIVATE TRANSFERS PROBIT REGRESSION PROBIT REGRESSIONS PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS RAPES RATIO OF WOMEN REMITTANCE REMITTANCES RESPECT RURAL AREAS RURAL RESIDENCE SCHOOL AGE SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL DIPLOMA SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL SECONDARY SCHOOLING SEX SEX RATIO SEX RATIOS SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL SECURITY SPOUSE SPOUSES SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE SUBSTITUTION EFFECT TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TRADITIONAL VALUES TRANSPORTATION UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED PEOPLE UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNICEF UNMARRIED WOMEN UNSKILLED WORKERS URBAN DWELLERS VIOLENCE WAGE PREMIUM WAGE STRUCTURE WAGES WOMAN WOMEN EMPLOYMENT WORK EXPERIENCE WORKER WORKERS WORKFORCE YOUNG GIRLS YOUNG WOMEN Shemyakina, Olga N. The Labor Market, Education and Armed Conflict in Tajikistan |
| geographic_facet |
Europe and Central Asia Europe and Central Asia Eastern Europe Commonwealth of Independent States Central Asia Asia Tajikistan |
| relation |
Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5738 |
| description |
Shortly following its independence in
1991, Tajikistan suffered a violent civil war. This study
explores the effect of this conflict on education and labor
market outcomes for men and women. The results are based on
the data from the 2003 and 2007 Tajik Living Standards
Measurement Surveys that were separated from the 1992-1998
Tajik civil war by five and nine years, respectively. The
regression analysis that controls for the cohort and
regional-level exposure points toward a persistent and
lasting gap in the educational attainment by women who were
of school age during the war and lived in the more
conflict-affected regions as compared with women the same
age who lived in the lesser affected regions and also to the
older generation. These empirical results support the
anecdotal and observational evidence about the decline in
female educational attainment in Tajikistan. Interestingly,
this group of young women is more likely to hold a job as
compared with the rest of the analytical sample. Conditional
on being employed, men and women in the more
conflict-affected areas do not receive wages that are
significantly different from wages received by men and women
in the lesser affected areas. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Shemyakina, Olga N. |
| author_facet |
Shemyakina, Olga N. |
| author_sort |
Shemyakina, Olga N. |
| title |
The Labor Market, Education and Armed Conflict in Tajikistan |
| title_short |
The Labor Market, Education and Armed Conflict in Tajikistan |
| title_full |
The Labor Market, Education and Armed Conflict in Tajikistan |
| title_fullStr |
The Labor Market, Education and Armed Conflict in Tajikistan |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Labor Market, Education and Armed Conflict in Tajikistan |
| title_sort |
labor market, education and armed conflict in tajikistan |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110726110103 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3500 |
| _version_ |
1764387101333258240 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-35002021-04-23T14:02:10Z The Labor Market, Education and Armed Conflict in Tajikistan Shemyakina, Olga N. ACTIVE LABOR ACTIVE LABOR MARKET ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PARTICIPANTS ADULTHOOD ADULTS AGE GROUP AGE GROUPS AGED ARMED CONFLICT ARMED CONFLICTS BASIC EDUCATION BORROWING BUSINESS CYCLE CIVIL CONFLICT CIVIL WAR CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA CULTURAL CHANGE DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISPLACEMENT DRIVERS EDUCATION OF PARENTS EDUCATION OF WOMEN EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELDERLY EMPLOYABILITY EMPLOYMENT INCREASES EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS EMPLOYMENT STATUS ETHNIC GROUP ETHNIC GROUPS FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE LABOR FEMALES FEWER YEARS OF EDUCATION FIRST MARRIAGE FORCED RESETTLEMENT GENDER GENDER RELATIONS GENDER ROLES GENDER SPECIFIC GENERATIONS GENOCIDE HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SIZE HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RESOURCES HUMAN RIGHTS HUSBANDS IMPACT OF CONFLICT IMPORTANT POLICY INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION JOB OPPORTUNITIES JOBS LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCE LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCES LABOR MARKET IMPACT LABOR MARKET OUTCOME LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LABOUR LABOUR SUPPLY LEGISLATORS LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIVING STANDARDS LONG-RUN EFFECT LONG-RUN EFFECTS MALE LABOR FORCE MALES MARITAL STATUS MARRIED WOMEN MIDWIVES MIGRANT MIGRANTS MIGRATION MILITARY PERSONNEL MOTHER MOTHERS NATIONAL COMMITTEE NUMBER OF WOMEN NURSES OCCUPATION OCCUPATIONS OLD-AGE OLDER MEN OLDER WOMEN OUTSIDE EMPLOYMENT PARTICIPATION BY WOMEN PEACE PENSIONS PERMANENT JOB PERSISTENT UNEMPLOYMENT POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL ECONOMY PRESENT STUDY PRIMARY REASON PRIVATE TRANSFERS PROBIT REGRESSION PROBIT REGRESSIONS PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS RAPES RATIO OF WOMEN REMITTANCE REMITTANCES RESPECT RURAL AREAS RURAL RESIDENCE SCHOOL AGE SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL DIPLOMA SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL SECONDARY SCHOOLING SEX SEX RATIO SEX RATIOS SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL SECURITY SPOUSE SPOUSES SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE SUBSTITUTION EFFECT TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TRADITIONAL VALUES TRANSPORTATION UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED PEOPLE UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNICEF UNMARRIED WOMEN UNSKILLED WORKERS URBAN DWELLERS VIOLENCE WAGE PREMIUM WAGE STRUCTURE WAGES WOMAN WOMEN EMPLOYMENT WORK EXPERIENCE WORKER WORKERS WORKFORCE YOUNG GIRLS YOUNG WOMEN Shortly following its independence in 1991, Tajikistan suffered a violent civil war. This study explores the effect of this conflict on education and labor market outcomes for men and women. The results are based on the data from the 2003 and 2007 Tajik Living Standards Measurement Surveys that were separated from the 1992-1998 Tajik civil war by five and nine years, respectively. The regression analysis that controls for the cohort and regional-level exposure points toward a persistent and lasting gap in the educational attainment by women who were of school age during the war and lived in the more conflict-affected regions as compared with women the same age who lived in the lesser affected regions and also to the older generation. These empirical results support the anecdotal and observational evidence about the decline in female educational attainment in Tajikistan. Interestingly, this group of young women is more likely to hold a job as compared with the rest of the analytical sample. Conditional on being employed, men and women in the more conflict-affected areas do not receive wages that are significantly different from wages received by men and women in the lesser affected areas. 2012-03-19T18:03:33Z 2012-03-19T18:03:33Z 2011-07-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110726110103 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3500 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5738 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Europe and Central Asia Europe and Central Asia Eastern Europe Commonwealth of Independent States Central Asia Asia Tajikistan |