Does Female Empowerment Promote Economic Development?

Empirical evidence suggests that money in the hands of mothers (as opposed to their husbands) benefits children. Does this observation imply that targeting transfers to women is good economic policy? The authors develop a series of noncooperative f...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Doepke, Matthias, Tertilt, Michele
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	2012
Subjects:	ASSET HOLDINGS ASSETS BUDGET CONSTRAINT BUDGET CONSTRAINTS CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL INVESTMENT CASH PAYMENT CASH TRANSFER COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONFLICT OF INTEREST CONSUMER EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES CONSUMPTION INCREASES CREDIT ASSOCIATION CREDIT MARKET CREDIT MARKETS CREDIT PROGRAMS CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA DECISION MAKING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISCOUNT RATE DISCOUNT RATES DISCRIMINATION DIVORCE DYNAMIC SETTING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC MECHANISM ECONOMIC MODELS ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC THEORIES ECONOMIC THEORY EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL FINDINGS EMPIRICAL LITERATURE EMPIRICAL RESEARCH EMPOWERMENT EQUAL INCREASE EQUALITY EQUILIBRIUM EXOGENOUS CHANGES EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURES FACE VALUE FAMILIES FEMALE FINANCIAL SUPPORT FUTURE RESEARCH GENDER GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDERS HEALTH OUTCOMES HOLDING HOME HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SAVINGS HUMAN CAPITAL HUSBAND HUSBANDS IMMUNIZATION IMMUNIZATIONS IMPERFECT SUBSTITUTES INCOME INCOME DIFFERENCES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME EFFECT INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME REDISTRIBUTION INCOME SHARE INCOME TRANSFER INCOMES INEFFICIENCY INEQUALITIES INEQUALITY INEQUALITY AVERSION INSTRUMENT INTEREST RATE INTERNATIONAL BANK INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES LABOR MARKET LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL GOVERNMENT MARGINAL PROPENSITY TO SAVE MARKET ACCESS MARRIAGES MARRIED WOMEN MICRO-CREDIT MICRO-ENTERPRISES MICROCREDIT MULTIPLIERS NASH EQUILIBRIUM NET EFFECT OLD-AGE PENSION OPTIMIZATION PARETO EFFICIENCY PARETO OPTIMUM PENSION PENSION SYSTEM PENSIONS PERMANENT INCOME POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY INTERVENTION POLICY INTERVENTIONS POLICY RESEARCH POSITIVE EFFECT POVERTY REDUCTION PRIVATE CONSUMPTION PRIVATE GOODS PRODUCT MARKETS PRODUCTION FUNCTION PUBLIC PUBLIC CONSUMPTION PUBLIC GOOD PUBLIC GOODS PUBLIC SPENDING RELATIVE CHANGE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE RELATIVE INCOME RELATIVE INCREASE RELATIVE WAGES RETURN RETURNS RISK AVERSE RISK AVERSION ROADS SEX SHARE OF ASSETS SIGNIFICANT EFFECT SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SINGLE WOMEN SINGLE-PARENT HOUSEHOLDS TAX TRANSFER PAYMENTS UTILITY FUNCTION UTILITY FUNCTIONS UTILITY MAXIMIZATION WAGES WEALTH WIDOW WIFE WILL WIVES WOMAN
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110629130437 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3479

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Summary:	Empirical evidence suggests that money in the hands of mothers (as opposed to their husbands) benefits children. Does this observation imply that targeting transfers to women is good economic policy? The authors develop a series of noncooperative family bargaining models to understand what kind of frictions can give rise to the observed empirical relationships. Then they assess the policy implications of these models. The authors find that targeting transfers to women can have unintended consequences and may fail to make children better off. Moreover, different forms of empowering women may lead to opposite results. More research is needed to distinguish between alternative theoretical models.

Does Female Empowerment Promote Economic Development?

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