Exporting and Female Labor Market Outcomes in Georgia

Using firm-level data for Georgia, the paper estimates the quasi-elasticity of employment and wages with respect to the share of exports in total sales, to explore whether changes in the structure of sales (exporting versus selling to the domestic...

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Main Authors:	Hollweg, Claire H., Ong Lopez, Anne
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2020
Subjects:	TRADE LABOR MARKET FEMALE EMPLOYMENT WAGES EXPORTS DOMESTIC MARKET MARKET ACCESS
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/739141602168664927/Exporting-and-Female-Labor-Market-Outcomes-in-Georgia http://hdl.handle.net/10986/34624

id	okr-10986-34624
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-346242022-09-20T00:11:56Z Exporting and Female Labor Market Outcomes in Georgia Hollweg, Claire H. Ong Lopez, Anne TRADE LABOR MARKET FEMALE EMPLOYMENT WAGES EXPORTS DOMESTIC MARKET MARKET ACCESS Using firm-level data for Georgia, the paper estimates the quasi-elasticity of employment and wages with respect to the share of exports in total sales, to explore whether changes in the structure of sales (exporting versus selling to the domestic market) matter for labor market outcomes. The methodology uses exogenous fluctuations in exchange rates combined with firms' initial exposure to various markets as instrumental variables to identify a causal effect. The results differentiate employment levels and average wages by gender and consider whether export destination or the competiveness of economies matters for the magnitude of this elasticity. The data are from the National Statistics Office of Georgia Statistics Survey of Enterprises merged with customs data for 2006-17. The instrumental variables regression results show that the act of exporting improves female employment but reduces overall average wages and female wages. Increasing exports to the European Union as well as high-income countries drives this positive result for female employment, whereas exporting to upper-middle-income countries is found to have a negative relationship with female employment. 2020-10-15T21:44:20Z 2020-10-15T21:44:20Z 2020-10 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/739141602168664927/Exporting-and-Female-Labor-Market-Outcomes-in-Georgia http://hdl.handle.net/10986/34624 English Policy Research Working Paper;No. 9432 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Europe and Central Asia Georgia
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	TRADE LABOR MARKET FEMALE EMPLOYMENT WAGES EXPORTS DOMESTIC MARKET MARKET ACCESS
spellingShingle	TRADE LABOR MARKET FEMALE EMPLOYMENT WAGES EXPORTS DOMESTIC MARKET MARKET ACCESS Hollweg, Claire H. Ong Lopez, Anne Exporting and Female Labor Market Outcomes in Georgia
geographic_facet	Europe and Central Asia Georgia
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 9432
description	Using firm-level data for Georgia, the paper estimates the quasi-elasticity of employment and wages with respect to the share of exports in total sales, to explore whether changes in the structure of sales (exporting versus selling to the domestic market) matter for labor market outcomes. The methodology uses exogenous fluctuations in exchange rates combined with firms' initial exposure to various markets as instrumental variables to identify a causal effect. The results differentiate employment levels and average wages by gender and consider whether export destination or the competiveness of economies matters for the magnitude of this elasticity. The data are from the National Statistics Office of Georgia Statistics Survey of Enterprises merged with customs data for 2006-17. The instrumental variables regression results show that the act of exporting improves female employment but reduces overall average wages and female wages. Increasing exports to the European Union as well as high-income countries drives this positive result for female employment, whereas exporting to upper-middle-income countries is found to have a negative relationship with female employment.
format	Working Paper
author	Hollweg, Claire H. Ong Lopez, Anne
author_facet	Hollweg, Claire H. Ong Lopez, Anne
author_sort	Hollweg, Claire H.
title	Exporting and Female Labor Market Outcomes in Georgia
title_short	Exporting and Female Labor Market Outcomes in Georgia
title_full	Exporting and Female Labor Market Outcomes in Georgia
title_fullStr	Exporting and Female Labor Market Outcomes in Georgia
title_full_unstemmed	Exporting and Female Labor Market Outcomes in Georgia
title_sort	exporting and female labor market outcomes in georgia
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2020
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/739141602168664927/Exporting-and-Female-Labor-Market-Outcomes-in-Georgia http://hdl.handle.net/10986/34624
_version_	1764481299793313792

Exporting and Female Labor Market Outcomes in Georgia

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