A Profile of Border Protection in Egypt : An Effective Rate of Protection Approach Adjusting for Energy Subsidies
This study examines recent effective rates of protection across the Egyptian economy, using an ad valorem price wedge introduced by nontariff barriers and energy subsidies, and compares today's effective rates of protection with those of a dec...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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2012
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| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110616083750 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3449 |
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okr-10986-34492021-04-23T14:02:09Z A Profile of Border Protection in Egypt : An Effective Rate of Protection Approach Adjusting for Energy Subsidies Valdes, Alberto Foster, William AGRICULTURE ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES ANIMAL PRODUCTS APPROACH AUTOMOBILE AUTOMOBILES BENCHMARK BORDER PRICES CARS CEMENT COMPETITIVE MARKETS CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CONSUMERS CRUDE OIL DEMAND ELASTICITIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DIESEL DIESEL ENGINE DIESEL FUELS DIESEL OIL DOMESTIC PRODUCTION ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS ECONOMIC SECTORS ELASTICITIES ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY PRICES EMPLOYMENT ENERGY COSTS ENERGY INPUT ENERGY PRICES ENERGY PRICING ENERGY PRODUCTS ENERGY SOURCES ENERGY SUBSIDIES ENERGY SUBSIDY ENERGY USE ETHYL ALCOHOL EXCLUSION FOOD SUBSIDIES FUEL FUEL OIL FUEL SUBSIDIES GASOLINE GASOLINE SUBSIDIES GDP GROSS OUTPUT GROSS VALUE INTERNAL COMBUSTION INVENTORY LEVEL OF PROTECTION LIMESTONE LOW TARIFFS MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MARGINAL COST MERCHANDISE TRADE MOTOR VEHICLES NATURAL GAS OILS PETROLEUM PETROLEUM PRODUCTS POLITICAL ECONOMY PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS PRICE CHANGES PRICE COMPARISONS PRICE DISTORTIONS PRICE SUBSIDIES PRICES OF ENERGY PROFIT MARGINS RAW MATERIAL RAW MATERIALS SUGAR CANE TARIFF ADJUSTMENT TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF CHANGES TARIFF LEVELS TARIFF STRUCTURES TAX TAXATION TIRES TOTAL OUTPUT TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICY TRADE REFORMS TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRANSPARENCY TRANSPORT TRANSPORT COSTS TRUE VALUE ADDED VALUE OF OUTPUT WIND WORLD TRADE WTO This study examines recent effective rates of protection across the Egyptian economy, using an ad valorem price wedge introduced by nontariff barriers and energy subsidies, and compares today's effective rates of protection with those of a decade ago. The study uses 23 aggregated sectors from input-output matrix information. Although trade liberalization since the late-1990s has had a considerable impact in reducing protection of some industries, some sectors, such as the food and tobacco sector, remain relatively highly protected, due to tariff escalation and nontariff barriers, and due to energy subsidies. Energy subsidies are not formally sector specific but do favor sectors that are energy intensive (of particular note is the electricity sector). It appears that energy pricing is part of a strategy to subsidize and promote certain industries and in effect offset the dis-protection or taxation that results from tariffs on intermediate inputs. The case of the cement sector is notable because energy subsidies appear to almost exactly offset the negative impacts of tariffs and indirect taxes. The fertilizer sector has zero nominal tariffs, benefiting agriculture, and so a negative effective rate of protection due simply to tariffs on intermediate inputs. However, the fertilizer sector ends up with a very high a positive total effective rate of protection due to energy subsidies. 2012-03-19T18:02:39Z 2012-03-19T18:02:39Z 2011-06-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110616083750 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3449 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5685 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Middle East and North Africa Egypt, Arab Republic of |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
AGRICULTURE ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES ANIMAL PRODUCTS APPROACH AUTOMOBILE AUTOMOBILES BENCHMARK BORDER PRICES CARS CEMENT COMPETITIVE MARKETS CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CONSUMERS CRUDE OIL DEMAND ELASTICITIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DIESEL DIESEL ENGINE DIESEL FUELS DIESEL OIL DOMESTIC PRODUCTION ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS ECONOMIC SECTORS ELASTICITIES ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY PRICES EMPLOYMENT ENERGY COSTS ENERGY INPUT ENERGY PRICES ENERGY PRICING ENERGY PRODUCTS ENERGY SOURCES ENERGY SUBSIDIES ENERGY SUBSIDY ENERGY USE ETHYL ALCOHOL EXCLUSION FOOD SUBSIDIES FUEL FUEL OIL FUEL SUBSIDIES GASOLINE GASOLINE SUBSIDIES GDP GROSS OUTPUT GROSS VALUE INTERNAL COMBUSTION INVENTORY LEVEL OF PROTECTION LIMESTONE LOW TARIFFS MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MARGINAL COST MERCHANDISE TRADE MOTOR VEHICLES NATURAL GAS OILS PETROLEUM PETROLEUM PRODUCTS POLITICAL ECONOMY PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS PRICE CHANGES PRICE COMPARISONS PRICE DISTORTIONS PRICE SUBSIDIES PRICES OF ENERGY PROFIT MARGINS RAW MATERIAL RAW MATERIALS SUGAR CANE TARIFF ADJUSTMENT TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF CHANGES TARIFF LEVELS TARIFF STRUCTURES TAX TAXATION TIRES TOTAL OUTPUT TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICY TRADE REFORMS TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRANSPARENCY TRANSPORT TRANSPORT COSTS TRUE VALUE ADDED VALUE OF OUTPUT WIND WORLD TRADE WTO |
| spellingShingle |
AGRICULTURE ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES ANIMAL PRODUCTS APPROACH AUTOMOBILE AUTOMOBILES BENCHMARK BORDER PRICES CARS CEMENT COMPETITIVE MARKETS CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CONSUMERS CRUDE OIL DEMAND ELASTICITIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DIESEL DIESEL ENGINE DIESEL FUELS DIESEL OIL DOMESTIC PRODUCTION ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS ECONOMIC SECTORS ELASTICITIES ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY PRICES EMPLOYMENT ENERGY COSTS ENERGY INPUT ENERGY PRICES ENERGY PRICING ENERGY PRODUCTS ENERGY SOURCES ENERGY SUBSIDIES ENERGY SUBSIDY ENERGY USE ETHYL ALCOHOL EXCLUSION FOOD SUBSIDIES FUEL FUEL OIL FUEL SUBSIDIES GASOLINE GASOLINE SUBSIDIES GDP GROSS OUTPUT GROSS VALUE INTERNAL COMBUSTION INVENTORY LEVEL OF PROTECTION LIMESTONE LOW TARIFFS MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MARGINAL COST MERCHANDISE TRADE MOTOR VEHICLES NATURAL GAS OILS PETROLEUM PETROLEUM PRODUCTS POLITICAL ECONOMY PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS PRICE CHANGES PRICE COMPARISONS PRICE DISTORTIONS PRICE SUBSIDIES PRICES OF ENERGY PROFIT MARGINS RAW MATERIAL RAW MATERIALS SUGAR CANE TARIFF ADJUSTMENT TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF CHANGES TARIFF LEVELS TARIFF STRUCTURES TAX TAXATION TIRES TOTAL OUTPUT TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICY TRADE REFORMS TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRANSPARENCY TRANSPORT TRANSPORT COSTS TRUE VALUE ADDED VALUE OF OUTPUT WIND WORLD TRADE WTO Valdes, Alberto Foster, William A Profile of Border Protection in Egypt : An Effective Rate of Protection Approach Adjusting for Energy Subsidies |
| geographic_facet |
Middle East and North Africa Egypt, Arab Republic of |
| relation |
Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5685 |
| description |
This study examines recent effective
rates of protection across the Egyptian economy, using an ad
valorem price wedge introduced by nontariff barriers and
energy subsidies, and compares today's effective rates
of protection with those of a decade ago. The study uses 23
aggregated sectors from input-output matrix information.
Although trade liberalization since the late-1990s has had a
considerable impact in reducing protection of some
industries, some sectors, such as the food and tobacco
sector, remain relatively highly protected, due to tariff
escalation and nontariff barriers, and due to energy
subsidies. Energy subsidies are not formally sector specific
but do favor sectors that are energy intensive (of
particular note is the electricity sector). It appears that
energy pricing is part of a strategy to subsidize and
promote certain industries and in effect offset the
dis-protection or taxation that results from tariffs on
intermediate inputs. The case of the cement sector is
notable because energy subsidies appear to almost exactly
offset the negative impacts of tariffs and indirect taxes.
The fertilizer sector has zero nominal tariffs, benefiting
agriculture, and so a negative effective rate of protection
due simply to tariffs on intermediate inputs. However, the
fertilizer sector ends up with a very high a positive total
effective rate of protection due to energy subsidies. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Valdes, Alberto Foster, William |
| author_facet |
Valdes, Alberto Foster, William |
| author_sort |
Valdes, Alberto |
| title |
A Profile of Border Protection in Egypt : An Effective Rate of Protection Approach Adjusting for Energy Subsidies |
| title_short |
A Profile of Border Protection in Egypt : An Effective Rate of Protection Approach Adjusting for Energy Subsidies |
| title_full |
A Profile of Border Protection in Egypt : An Effective Rate of Protection Approach Adjusting for Energy Subsidies |
| title_fullStr |
A Profile of Border Protection in Egypt : An Effective Rate of Protection Approach Adjusting for Energy Subsidies |
| title_full_unstemmed |
A Profile of Border Protection in Egypt : An Effective Rate of Protection Approach Adjusting for Energy Subsidies |
| title_sort |
profile of border protection in egypt : an effective rate of protection approach adjusting for energy subsidies |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110616083750 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3449 |
| _version_ |
1764387017177694208 |