Adjusting the Labor Supply to Mitigate Violent Shocks : Evidence from Rural Colombia
This paper studies the use of labor markets to mitigate the impact of violent shocks on households in rural areas in Colombia. It examines changes in the labor supply from on-farm to off-farm labor as a means of coping with the violent shock and th...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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2012
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| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110615160656 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3448 |
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okr-10986-3448 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ACCESS TO LABOR MARKETS ADULT MALES AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL SHOCKS AGRICULTURAL WAGES ASSET DEPLETION ASSET LOSSES BARGAINING BARGAINING POWER CASH TRANSFER PROGRAM CENTRAL REGION CHILD LABOR COLLECTIVE ACTION COMMUNITIES COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES CONCENTRATION OF LAND CONFLICT CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION INSURANCE CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING COPING MECHANISMS COPING STRATEGY COVARIATE SHOCKS CREDIT MARKETS CRIME CROP DIVERSIFICATION DAILY WAGE DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DIFFERENTIATED IMPACT DISPLACED PERSONS DISPLACEMENT DROUGHT ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC COSTS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC SHOCK ECONOMIC SHOCKS ECONOMICS EMPLOYMENT EXCLUSION RESTRICTION EXOGENOUS CHARACTERISTICS FAMILY MEMBERS FARM ACTIVITIES FARM EMPLOYMENT FARM LABOR FARM PRODUCTION FARM WORK FEMALE FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALES FINANCIAL MARKETS FLEXIBLE LABOR MARKETS FORMAL LABOR MARKET FRONTIER REGIONS GENDER HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD CHORES HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD WEALTH HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RESOURCES HUMAN RIGHTS IDIOSYNCRATIC SHOCKS IMPACT OF SHOCKS INCOME INCOME GENERATION INCOME GROWTH INCOME SHOCK INEQUALITY INHABITANTS INSURANCE INSURANCE MARKETS JOBS LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR INFORMATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET ACTIVITIES LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LACK OF WATER LAND DISTRIBUTION LAND OWNERSHIP LAND PRODUCTIVITY LAND QUALITY LAND REFORM LAND TENURE LAUNDRY LIVESTOCK ACTIVITIES LIVESTOCK INCOME LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION MALE COUNTERPARTS MALNUTRITION MICRO-REGIONS OPPORTUNITY COSTS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY REDUCTION PREVIOUS PARAGRAPHS PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES PRODUCTIVITY PROPERTY RIGHTS REASSIGNMENT REGIONAL POWER RENTS REPEATED SHOCKS RISK MANAGEMENT RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL DISTRICT RURAL DISTRICTS RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL LABOR RURAL LABOR MARKET RURAL LABOR MARKETS RURAL POPULATION RURAL REGIONS SAVINGS SCHOOLING SMALL FARMS SOCIAL CAPITAL SUBSISTENCE TARGETING UNEMPLOYED URBAN AREAS VILLAGES WAGE RATE WAGES WAR WORKING HOURS |
| spellingShingle |
ACCESS TO LABOR MARKETS ADULT MALES AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL SHOCKS AGRICULTURAL WAGES ASSET DEPLETION ASSET LOSSES BARGAINING BARGAINING POWER CASH TRANSFER PROGRAM CENTRAL REGION CHILD LABOR COLLECTIVE ACTION COMMUNITIES COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES CONCENTRATION OF LAND CONFLICT CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION INSURANCE CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING COPING MECHANISMS COPING STRATEGY COVARIATE SHOCKS CREDIT MARKETS CRIME CROP DIVERSIFICATION DAILY WAGE DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DIFFERENTIATED IMPACT DISPLACED PERSONS DISPLACEMENT DROUGHT ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC COSTS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC SHOCK ECONOMIC SHOCKS ECONOMICS EMPLOYMENT EXCLUSION RESTRICTION EXOGENOUS CHARACTERISTICS FAMILY MEMBERS FARM ACTIVITIES FARM EMPLOYMENT FARM LABOR FARM PRODUCTION FARM WORK FEMALE FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALES FINANCIAL MARKETS FLEXIBLE LABOR MARKETS FORMAL LABOR MARKET FRONTIER REGIONS GENDER HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD CHORES HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD WEALTH HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RESOURCES HUMAN RIGHTS IDIOSYNCRATIC SHOCKS IMPACT OF SHOCKS INCOME INCOME GENERATION INCOME GROWTH INCOME SHOCK INEQUALITY INHABITANTS INSURANCE INSURANCE MARKETS JOBS LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR INFORMATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET ACTIVITIES LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LACK OF WATER LAND DISTRIBUTION LAND OWNERSHIP LAND PRODUCTIVITY LAND QUALITY LAND REFORM LAND TENURE LAUNDRY LIVESTOCK ACTIVITIES LIVESTOCK INCOME LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION MALE COUNTERPARTS MALNUTRITION MICRO-REGIONS OPPORTUNITY COSTS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY REDUCTION PREVIOUS PARAGRAPHS PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES PRODUCTIVITY PROPERTY RIGHTS REASSIGNMENT REGIONAL POWER RENTS REPEATED SHOCKS RISK MANAGEMENT RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL DISTRICT RURAL DISTRICTS RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL LABOR RURAL LABOR MARKET RURAL LABOR MARKETS RURAL POPULATION RURAL REGIONS SAVINGS SCHOOLING SMALL FARMS SOCIAL CAPITAL SUBSISTENCE TARGETING UNEMPLOYED URBAN AREAS VILLAGES WAGE RATE WAGES WAR WORKING HOURS Fernández, Manuel Ibáñez, Ana María Peña, Ximena Adjusting the Labor Supply to Mitigate Violent Shocks : Evidence from Rural Colombia |
| geographic_facet |
Latin America & Caribbean Latin America & Caribbean South America America Colombia |
| relation |
Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5684 |
| description |
This paper studies the use of labor
markets to mitigate the impact of violent shocks on
households in rural areas in Colombia. It examines changes
in the labor supply from on-farm to off-farm labor as a
means of coping with the violent shock and the ensuing
redistribution of time within households. It identifies the
heterogeneous response by gender. Because the incidence of
violent shocks is not exogenous, the analysis uses
instrumental variables that capture several dimensions of
the cost of exercising terror. As a response to the violent
shocks, households decrease the time spent on on-farm work
and increase their supply of labor to off-farm activities
(non-agricultural ones). Men carry the bulk of the
adjustment in the use of time inasmuch as they supply the
most hours to off-farm non-agricultural work and formal
labor markets. Labor markets do not fully absorb the
additional labor supply. Women in particular are unable to
find jobs in formal labor markets and men have increased
time dedicated to leisure and household chores. Additional
off-farm supply does not fully cover the decrease in
consumption. The results suggest that in rural Colombia,
labor markets are a limited alternative for coping with
violent shocks. Thus, policies in conflict-affected
countries should go beyond short-term relief and aim at
preventing labor markets from collapsing and at supporting
the recovery of agricultural production. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Fernández, Manuel Ibáñez, Ana María Peña, Ximena |
| author_facet |
Fernández, Manuel Ibáñez, Ana María Peña, Ximena |
| author_sort |
Fernández, Manuel |
| title |
Adjusting the Labor Supply to Mitigate Violent Shocks : Evidence from Rural Colombia |
| title_short |
Adjusting the Labor Supply to Mitigate Violent Shocks : Evidence from Rural Colombia |
| title_full |
Adjusting the Labor Supply to Mitigate Violent Shocks : Evidence from Rural Colombia |
| title_fullStr |
Adjusting the Labor Supply to Mitigate Violent Shocks : Evidence from Rural Colombia |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Adjusting the Labor Supply to Mitigate Violent Shocks : Evidence from Rural Colombia |
| title_sort |
adjusting the labor supply to mitigate violent shocks : evidence from rural colombia |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110615160656 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3448 |
| _version_ |
1764387015321714688 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-34482021-04-23T14:02:09Z Adjusting the Labor Supply to Mitigate Violent Shocks : Evidence from Rural Colombia Fernández, Manuel Ibáñez, Ana María Peña, Ximena ACCESS TO LABOR MARKETS ADULT MALES AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL SHOCKS AGRICULTURAL WAGES ASSET DEPLETION ASSET LOSSES BARGAINING BARGAINING POWER CASH TRANSFER PROGRAM CENTRAL REGION CHILD LABOR COLLECTIVE ACTION COMMUNITIES COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES CONCENTRATION OF LAND CONFLICT CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION INSURANCE CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING COPING MECHANISMS COPING STRATEGY COVARIATE SHOCKS CREDIT MARKETS CRIME CROP DIVERSIFICATION DAILY WAGE DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DIFFERENTIATED IMPACT DISPLACED PERSONS DISPLACEMENT DROUGHT ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC COSTS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC SHOCK ECONOMIC SHOCKS ECONOMICS EMPLOYMENT EXCLUSION RESTRICTION EXOGENOUS CHARACTERISTICS FAMILY MEMBERS FARM ACTIVITIES FARM EMPLOYMENT FARM LABOR FARM PRODUCTION FARM WORK FEMALE FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALES FINANCIAL MARKETS FLEXIBLE LABOR MARKETS FORMAL LABOR MARKET FRONTIER REGIONS GENDER HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD CHORES HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD WEALTH HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RESOURCES HUMAN RIGHTS IDIOSYNCRATIC SHOCKS IMPACT OF SHOCKS INCOME INCOME GENERATION INCOME GROWTH INCOME SHOCK INEQUALITY INHABITANTS INSURANCE INSURANCE MARKETS JOBS LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR INFORMATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET ACTIVITIES LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LACK OF WATER LAND DISTRIBUTION LAND OWNERSHIP LAND PRODUCTIVITY LAND QUALITY LAND REFORM LAND TENURE LAUNDRY LIVESTOCK ACTIVITIES LIVESTOCK INCOME LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION MALE COUNTERPARTS MALNUTRITION MICRO-REGIONS OPPORTUNITY COSTS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY REDUCTION PREVIOUS PARAGRAPHS PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES PRODUCTIVITY PROPERTY RIGHTS REASSIGNMENT REGIONAL POWER RENTS REPEATED SHOCKS RISK MANAGEMENT RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL DISTRICT RURAL DISTRICTS RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL LABOR RURAL LABOR MARKET RURAL LABOR MARKETS RURAL POPULATION RURAL REGIONS SAVINGS SCHOOLING SMALL FARMS SOCIAL CAPITAL SUBSISTENCE TARGETING UNEMPLOYED URBAN AREAS VILLAGES WAGE RATE WAGES WAR WORKING HOURS This paper studies the use of labor markets to mitigate the impact of violent shocks on households in rural areas in Colombia. It examines changes in the labor supply from on-farm to off-farm labor as a means of coping with the violent shock and the ensuing redistribution of time within households. It identifies the heterogeneous response by gender. Because the incidence of violent shocks is not exogenous, the analysis uses instrumental variables that capture several dimensions of the cost of exercising terror. As a response to the violent shocks, households decrease the time spent on on-farm work and increase their supply of labor to off-farm activities (non-agricultural ones). Men carry the bulk of the adjustment in the use of time inasmuch as they supply the most hours to off-farm non-agricultural work and formal labor markets. Labor markets do not fully absorb the additional labor supply. Women in particular are unable to find jobs in formal labor markets and men have increased time dedicated to leisure and household chores. Additional off-farm supply does not fully cover the decrease in consumption. The results suggest that in rural Colombia, labor markets are a limited alternative for coping with violent shocks. Thus, policies in conflict-affected countries should go beyond short-term relief and aim at preventing labor markets from collapsing and at supporting the recovery of agricultural production. 2012-03-19T18:02:39Z 2012-03-19T18:02:39Z 2011-06-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110615160656 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3448 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5684 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Latin America & Caribbean Latin America & Caribbean South America America Colombia |