Students Today, Teachers Tomorrow? Identifying Constraints on the Provision of Education
With an estimated 115 million children not attending primary school in the developing world, increasing access to education is critical. Resource constraints limit the effectiveness of demand-based subsidies. This paper focuses on the importance of...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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2012
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| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110602163805 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3437 |
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okr-10986-3437 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
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Foreign Institution |
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Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
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World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT ACCESS TO EDUCATION ADULT LITERACY AFFORDABLE EDUCATION ALTERNATIVE SCHOOLING APTITUDE AVERAGE TREATMENT EFFECT BINDING CATHOLIC SCHOOLS CLASS SIZE CLASS-SIZE COMPARATIVE EDUCATION COST OF TRAINING DEMAND FOR EDUCATION DISTANCE TO SCHOOL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION EDUCATED GIRLS EDUCATED MOTHERS EDUCATED POPULACE EDUCATED WOMEN EDUCATION LEVELS EDUCATION POLICY EDUCATION REFORM EDUCATIONAL ACCESS EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENTS EDUCATIONAL DEMAND EDUCATIONAL LEVELS EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES EDUCATIONAL POLICY EDUCATIONAL QUALITY EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS ENROLLMENT LEVELS ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT RATES EXPENDITURES FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALE ENROLLMENT FEMALE SCHOOLING FEMALE TEACHER FEMALE TEACHERS GIRLS INTO SCHOOL HIGHER EDUCATION HIGHER LEVELS OF EDUCATION HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL ACCUMULATION HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCES INCENTIVES FOR TEACHERS INFORMATION SYSTEMS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKETS LEARNING LEARNING OUTCOMES LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LITERATURE LOCAL LABOR MARKET MATHEMATICS MOBILITY NUMBER OF SCHOOLS NUMBER OF STUDENTS OPEN ACCESS PAPERS POLITICS OF EDUCATION PRIMARY DATA PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY LEVEL PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENT PRIMARY SCHOOLING PRIVATE EDUCATION PRIVATE ENTERPRISES PRIVATE PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE SCHOOL PRIVATE SCHOOL FEE PRIVATE SCHOOL TEACHERS PRIVATE SCHOOLING PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROVISION OF EDUCATION PUBLIC SCHOOL PUBLIC SCHOOL STUDENTS PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS PUBLIC SCHOOLING PUBLIC SCHOOLS PUBLIC TEACHERS QUALITY EDUCATION QUALITY OF EDUCATION QUALITY OF TEACHERS RADIO RELIGIOUS EDUCATION RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS RETURNS TO EDUCATION RURAL AREAS RURAL PUBLIC SCHOOLS RURAL WOMEN SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM SCHOLASTIC ACHIEVEMENT SCHOOL CENSUS SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION SCHOOL COST SCHOOL ENROLLMENT SCHOOL ENROLMENTS SCHOOL EXPANSION SCHOOL FEE SCHOOL FEES SCHOOL LOCATION SCHOOL MARKET SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOL SETTING SCHOOL STUDENTS SCHOOL TEACHER SCHOOL TEACHERS SCHOOL TYPES SCHOOLING SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION SECONDARY SCHOOLING SECONDARY SCHOOLS SKILLED WORKERS STUDENT PERFORMANCE SUPPLY OF SCHOOLS SUPPLY OF TEACHERS TEACHER TEACHER ABSENTEEISM TEACHER EDUCATION TEACHER HIRING TEACHER PAY TEACHER QUALITY TEACHER SALARIES TEACHER SHORTAGES TEACHER SUPPLY TEACHERS TEACHING TEACHING QUALITY TEST SCORES UNIVERSAL ENROLLMENT UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION UNIVERSAL PRIMARY ENROLLMENT VILLAGE LEVEL VOUCHERS |
| spellingShingle |
ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT ACCESS TO EDUCATION ADULT LITERACY AFFORDABLE EDUCATION ALTERNATIVE SCHOOLING APTITUDE AVERAGE TREATMENT EFFECT BINDING CATHOLIC SCHOOLS CLASS SIZE CLASS-SIZE COMPARATIVE EDUCATION COST OF TRAINING DEMAND FOR EDUCATION DISTANCE TO SCHOOL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION EDUCATED GIRLS EDUCATED MOTHERS EDUCATED POPULACE EDUCATED WOMEN EDUCATION LEVELS EDUCATION POLICY EDUCATION REFORM EDUCATIONAL ACCESS EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENTS EDUCATIONAL DEMAND EDUCATIONAL LEVELS EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES EDUCATIONAL POLICY EDUCATIONAL QUALITY EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS ENROLLMENT LEVELS ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT RATES EXPENDITURES FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALE ENROLLMENT FEMALE SCHOOLING FEMALE TEACHER FEMALE TEACHERS GIRLS INTO SCHOOL HIGHER EDUCATION HIGHER LEVELS OF EDUCATION HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL ACCUMULATION HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCES INCENTIVES FOR TEACHERS INFORMATION SYSTEMS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKETS LEARNING LEARNING OUTCOMES LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LITERATURE LOCAL LABOR MARKET MATHEMATICS MOBILITY NUMBER OF SCHOOLS NUMBER OF STUDENTS OPEN ACCESS PAPERS POLITICS OF EDUCATION PRIMARY DATA PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY LEVEL PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENT PRIMARY SCHOOLING PRIVATE EDUCATION PRIVATE ENTERPRISES PRIVATE PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE SCHOOL PRIVATE SCHOOL FEE PRIVATE SCHOOL TEACHERS PRIVATE SCHOOLING PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROVISION OF EDUCATION PUBLIC SCHOOL PUBLIC SCHOOL STUDENTS PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS PUBLIC SCHOOLING PUBLIC SCHOOLS PUBLIC TEACHERS QUALITY EDUCATION QUALITY OF EDUCATION QUALITY OF TEACHERS RADIO RELIGIOUS EDUCATION RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS RETURNS TO EDUCATION RURAL AREAS RURAL PUBLIC SCHOOLS RURAL WOMEN SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM SCHOLASTIC ACHIEVEMENT SCHOOL CENSUS SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION SCHOOL COST SCHOOL ENROLLMENT SCHOOL ENROLMENTS SCHOOL EXPANSION SCHOOL FEE SCHOOL FEES SCHOOL LOCATION SCHOOL MARKET SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOL SETTING SCHOOL STUDENTS SCHOOL TEACHER SCHOOL TEACHERS SCHOOL TYPES SCHOOLING SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION SECONDARY SCHOOLING SECONDARY SCHOOLS SKILLED WORKERS STUDENT PERFORMANCE SUPPLY OF SCHOOLS SUPPLY OF TEACHERS TEACHER TEACHER ABSENTEEISM TEACHER EDUCATION TEACHER HIRING TEACHER PAY TEACHER QUALITY TEACHER SALARIES TEACHER SHORTAGES TEACHER SUPPLY TEACHERS TEACHING TEACHING QUALITY TEST SCORES UNIVERSAL ENROLLMENT UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION UNIVERSAL PRIMARY ENROLLMENT VILLAGE LEVEL VOUCHERS Andrabi, Tahir Das, Jishnu Khwaja, Asim Ijaz Students Today, Teachers Tomorrow? Identifying Constraints on the Provision of Education |
| geographic_facet |
The World Region The World Region |
| relation |
Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5674 |
| description |
With an estimated 115 million children
not attending primary school in the developing world,
increasing access to education is critical. Resource
constraints limit the effectiveness of demand-based
subsidies. This paper focuses on the importance of a
supply-side factor -- the availability of low-cost teachers
-- and the resulting ability of the market to offer
affordable education. The authors first show that private
schools are three times more likely to emerge in villages
with government girls' secondary schools (GSS).
Identification is obtained by using official school
construction guidelines as an instrument for the presence of
GSS. In contrast, there is little or no relationship between
the presence of a private school and girls' primary or
boys' primary and secondary government schools. In
support of a supply-channel, the authors then show that, for
villages that received a GSS, there are over twice as many
educated women and that private school teachers' wages
are 27 percent lower in these villages. In an environment
with poor female education and low mobility, GSS
substantially increase the local supply of skilled women
lowering wages locally and allowing the market to offer
affordable education. These findings highlight the prominent
role of women as teachers in facilitating educational access
and resonate with similar historical evidence from developed
economies. The students of today are the teachers of tomorrow. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Andrabi, Tahir Das, Jishnu Khwaja, Asim Ijaz |
| author_facet |
Andrabi, Tahir Das, Jishnu Khwaja, Asim Ijaz |
| author_sort |
Andrabi, Tahir |
| title |
Students Today, Teachers Tomorrow? Identifying Constraints on the Provision of Education |
| title_short |
Students Today, Teachers Tomorrow? Identifying Constraints on the Provision of Education |
| title_full |
Students Today, Teachers Tomorrow? Identifying Constraints on the Provision of Education |
| title_fullStr |
Students Today, Teachers Tomorrow? Identifying Constraints on the Provision of Education |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Students Today, Teachers Tomorrow? Identifying Constraints on the Provision of Education |
| title_sort |
students today, teachers tomorrow? identifying constraints on the provision of education |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110602163805 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3437 |
| _version_ |
1764386997078589440 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-34372021-04-23T14:02:09Z Students Today, Teachers Tomorrow? Identifying Constraints on the Provision of Education Andrabi, Tahir Das, Jishnu Khwaja, Asim Ijaz ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT ACCESS TO EDUCATION ADULT LITERACY AFFORDABLE EDUCATION ALTERNATIVE SCHOOLING APTITUDE AVERAGE TREATMENT EFFECT BINDING CATHOLIC SCHOOLS CLASS SIZE CLASS-SIZE COMPARATIVE EDUCATION COST OF TRAINING DEMAND FOR EDUCATION DISTANCE TO SCHOOL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION EDUCATED GIRLS EDUCATED MOTHERS EDUCATED POPULACE EDUCATED WOMEN EDUCATION LEVELS EDUCATION POLICY EDUCATION REFORM EDUCATIONAL ACCESS EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENTS EDUCATIONAL DEMAND EDUCATIONAL LEVELS EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES EDUCATIONAL POLICY EDUCATIONAL QUALITY EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS ENROLLMENT LEVELS ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT RATES EXPENDITURES FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALE ENROLLMENT FEMALE SCHOOLING FEMALE TEACHER FEMALE TEACHERS GIRLS INTO SCHOOL HIGHER EDUCATION HIGHER LEVELS OF EDUCATION HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL ACCUMULATION HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCES INCENTIVES FOR TEACHERS INFORMATION SYSTEMS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKETS LEARNING LEARNING OUTCOMES LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LITERATURE LOCAL LABOR MARKET MATHEMATICS MOBILITY NUMBER OF SCHOOLS NUMBER OF STUDENTS OPEN ACCESS PAPERS POLITICS OF EDUCATION PRIMARY DATA PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY LEVEL PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENT PRIMARY SCHOOLING PRIVATE EDUCATION PRIVATE ENTERPRISES PRIVATE PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE SCHOOL PRIVATE SCHOOL FEE PRIVATE SCHOOL TEACHERS PRIVATE SCHOOLING PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROVISION OF EDUCATION PUBLIC SCHOOL PUBLIC SCHOOL STUDENTS PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS PUBLIC SCHOOLING PUBLIC SCHOOLS PUBLIC TEACHERS QUALITY EDUCATION QUALITY OF EDUCATION QUALITY OF TEACHERS RADIO RELIGIOUS EDUCATION RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS RETURNS TO EDUCATION RURAL AREAS RURAL PUBLIC SCHOOLS RURAL WOMEN SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM SCHOLASTIC ACHIEVEMENT SCHOOL CENSUS SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION SCHOOL COST SCHOOL ENROLLMENT SCHOOL ENROLMENTS SCHOOL EXPANSION SCHOOL FEE SCHOOL FEES SCHOOL LOCATION SCHOOL MARKET SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOL SETTING SCHOOL STUDENTS SCHOOL TEACHER SCHOOL TEACHERS SCHOOL TYPES SCHOOLING SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION SECONDARY SCHOOLING SECONDARY SCHOOLS SKILLED WORKERS STUDENT PERFORMANCE SUPPLY OF SCHOOLS SUPPLY OF TEACHERS TEACHER TEACHER ABSENTEEISM TEACHER EDUCATION TEACHER HIRING TEACHER PAY TEACHER QUALITY TEACHER SALARIES TEACHER SHORTAGES TEACHER SUPPLY TEACHERS TEACHING TEACHING QUALITY TEST SCORES UNIVERSAL ENROLLMENT UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION UNIVERSAL PRIMARY ENROLLMENT VILLAGE LEVEL VOUCHERS With an estimated 115 million children not attending primary school in the developing world, increasing access to education is critical. Resource constraints limit the effectiveness of demand-based subsidies. This paper focuses on the importance of a supply-side factor -- the availability of low-cost teachers -- and the resulting ability of the market to offer affordable education. The authors first show that private schools are three times more likely to emerge in villages with government girls' secondary schools (GSS). Identification is obtained by using official school construction guidelines as an instrument for the presence of GSS. In contrast, there is little or no relationship between the presence of a private school and girls' primary or boys' primary and secondary government schools. In support of a supply-channel, the authors then show that, for villages that received a GSS, there are over twice as many educated women and that private school teachers' wages are 27 percent lower in these villages. In an environment with poor female education and low mobility, GSS substantially increase the local supply of skilled women lowering wages locally and allowing the market to offer affordable education. These findings highlight the prominent role of women as teachers in facilitating educational access and resonate with similar historical evidence from developed economies. The students of today are the teachers of tomorrow. 2012-03-19T18:02:27Z 2012-03-19T18:02:27Z 2011-06-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110602163805 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3437 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5674 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper The World Region The World Region |