Does Cash for School Influence Young Women’s Behavior in the Longer Term? Evidence from Pakistan

The Punjab Female School Stipend Program, a female-targeted conditional cash transfer program in Pakistan, was implemented in response to gender gaps in education. An early evaluation of the program shows that the enrollment of eligible girls in mi...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Alam, Andaleeb, Baez, Javier E., Del Carpio, Ximena V.
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	2012
Subjects:	ACADEMIC YEAR ACADEMIC YEARS ACCESS TO SCHOOLS ADMINISTRATIVE DATA ADOLESCENT GIRLS ADOLESCENTS ADULTS ATTENDANCE OF CHILDREN ATTENDANCE RATE ATTENDING SCHOOL AVERAGE LITERACY RATE BASIC SERVICES BIASES BIRTH ORDER CHILD CARE CHILD LABOR COMMUNITIES COMPLETION RATES DEGREES DEMAND FOR EDUCATION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISADVANTAGED GROUP DISSERTATIONS DOMESTIC WORK DROP-OUT RATES DROPOUT RATES ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC STATUS ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION EDUCATED WOMEN EDUCATION ATTAINMENT EDUCATION DEPARTMENT EDUCATION ECONOMICS EDUCATION FOR GIRLS EDUCATION LEVELS EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION SERVICES EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL BENEFITS EDUCATIONAL INDICATORS EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES EDUCATIONAL REFORM EDUCATIONAL SERVICES EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM ELIGIBLE CHILDREN ENROLLMENT BY GENDER ENROLLMENT DATA ENROLLMENT LEVELS ENROLLMENT OF BOYS ENROLLMENT OF GIRLS ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT RATIO EXCLUSION EXPENDITURES FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALE ENROLLMENT FEMALE SCHOOLING FEMALE STUDENTS FREE TEXTBOOKS FULL POTENTIAL FUTURE RESEARCH GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DISPARITIES GENDER DISPARITY GENDER GAP GENDER GAPS IN EDUCATION GENDER INEQUITIES GIRLS INTO SCHOOL GRADE LEVELS GRADE REPETITION HEALTH CARE HIGH SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOLS HIGHER EDUCATION HIGHER GRADES HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INCENTIVES FOR GIRLS INCLUSION INCREASING SCHOOL ENROLLMENT INDEXES INTERVENTIONS JOBS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LEARNING LEARNING DISPARITIES LEARNING LEVELS LEVELS OF ENROLLMENT LITERACY LITERACY RATE LITERACY RATES LITERACY THRESHOLD LITERATURE LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL SCHOOL COUNCILS LOW EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT LOW ENROLLMENT MATHEMATICS MIDDLE SCHOOL MIDDLE SCHOOL EDUCATION MIDDLE SCHOOLS MONTHLY STIPEND NATIONAL EDUCATION NET ENROLLMENT NEW ENTRANTS NUMBER OF SCHOOLS NUMBERS OF GIRLS NUTRITION OPEN ACCESS PAPERS PARENTAL EDUCATION PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT PARTICIPATION RATES POVERTY REDUCTION PRIMARY CLASSES PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY LEVEL PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL ACCESS PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN PRIMARY SCHOOLING PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE EDUCATION PRIVATE PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE SCHOOL PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROVINCIAL EDUCATION PUBLIC EDUCATION PUBLIC SCHOOL PUBLIC SCHOOLING PUBLIC SCHOOLS QUALITY OF INFRASTRUCTURE RE-ENTRY RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS REPEATERS RESEARCH CENTERS RESEARCH INSTITUTE RESEARCH REPORT RURAL AREAS RURAL GIRLS RURAL VILLAGE SAFETY SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM SCHOOL AGE SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL CENSUS SCHOOL CENSUSES SCHOOL COMPLETION SCHOOL COST SCHOOL COSTS SCHOOL COUNCILS SCHOOL DATA SCHOOL ENROLLMENT SCHOOL ENROLLMENTS SCHOOL ENTRY SCHOOL FACILITIES SCHOOL FEES SCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURE SCHOOL LEVEL SCHOOL PARTICIPATION SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOL REHABILITATION SCHOOL SUPPLY SCHOOL SWITCHING SCHOOL-AGE SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SCHOOLS FOR GIRLS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY LEVEL SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOLS SOCIAL NORMS STUDENT TEACHER RATIO STUDENT-TEACHER RATIOS TEACHER TEACHER RATIOS TEACHERS TEACHING URBAN AREAS URBAN CENTERS YOUNG WOMEN YOUTH
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110524164001 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3432

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Summary:	The Punjab Female School Stipend Program, a female-targeted conditional cash transfer program in Pakistan, was implemented in response to gender gaps in education. An early evaluation of the program shows that the enrollment of eligible girls in middle school increased in the short term by nearly 9 percentage points. This paper uses regression discontinuity and difference-in-difference analyses to show that five years into the program implementation positive impacts do persist. Beneficiary adolescent girls are more likely to progress through and complete middle school and work less. There is suggestive evidence that participating girls delay their marriage and have fewer births by the time they are 19 years old. Girls who are exposed to the program later, and who are eligible for the benefits given in high school, increase their rates of matriculating into and completing high school. The persistence of impacts can potentially translate into gains in future productivity, consumption, inter-generational human capital accumulation and desired fertility. Lastly, there is no evidence that the program has negative spillover effects on educational outcomes of male siblings.

Does Cash for School Influence Young Women’s Behavior in the Longer Term? Evidence from Pakistan

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