A Multiple-Arm, Cluster-Randomized Impact Evaluation of the Clean India (Swachh Bharat) Mission Program in Rural Punjab, India

This study reports the findings of a large-scale, multiple-arm, cluster-randomized control study carried out in rural Punjab, India, to assess the impact of a flagship sanitation program of the Government of India. The program, the Clean India Miss...

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Main Authors:	Andres, Luis, Deb, Saubhik, Joseph, George, Larenas, Maria Isabel, Grabinsky Zabludovsky, Jonathan
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2020
Subjects:	RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIALS SANITATION OPEN DEFECATION HYGIENE TOILETS AWARENESS CAMPAIGN
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/641551589821357753/A-Multiple-Arm-Cluster-Randomized-Impact-Evaluation-of-the-Clean-India-Swachh-Bharat-Mission-Program-in-Rural-Punjab-India http://hdl.handle.net/10986/33796

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recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-337962022-09-20T00:12:12Z A Multiple-Arm, Cluster-Randomized Impact Evaluation of the Clean India (Swachh Bharat) Mission Program in Rural Punjab, India Andres, Luis Deb, Saubhik Joseph, George Larenas, Maria Isabel Grabinsky Zabludovsky, Jonathan RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIALS SANITATION OPEN DEFECATION HYGIENE TOILETS AWARENESS CAMPAIGN This study reports the findings of a large-scale, multiple-arm, cluster-randomized control study carried out in rural Punjab, India, to assess the impact of a flagship sanitation program of the Government of India. The program, the Clean India Mission for Villages, was implemented between October 2014 and October 2019 and aimed to encourage the construction of toilets, eliminate the practice of open defecation, and improve the awareness and practice of good hygiene across rural India. It utilized a combination of behavioral change campaigns, centered on the community-led total sanitation approach, and financial incentives for eligible households. The study also evaluates the incremental effects of intensive hygiene awareness campaigns in selected schools and follow-up initiatives in selected communities. The study finds that the coverage of “safely managed” toilets among households without toilets increased by 6.8–10.4 percentage points across various intervention arms, compared with a control group. Open defecation was reduced by 7.3–7.8 percentage points. The program also had significant positive impacts on hygiene awareness among adults and children, although the interventions of school campaigns and intensive follow-up were of limited additional impact. 2020-05-21T19:08:49Z 2020-05-21T19:08:49Z 2020-05 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/641551589821357753/A-Multiple-Arm-Cluster-Randomized-Impact-Evaluation-of-the-Clean-India-Swachh-Bharat-Mission-Program-in-Rural-Punjab-India http://hdl.handle.net/10986/33796 English Policy Research Working Paper;No. 9249 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper South Asia India
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIALS SANITATION OPEN DEFECATION HYGIENE TOILETS AWARENESS CAMPAIGN
spellingShingle	RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIALS SANITATION OPEN DEFECATION HYGIENE TOILETS AWARENESS CAMPAIGN Andres, Luis Deb, Saubhik Joseph, George Larenas, Maria Isabel Grabinsky Zabludovsky, Jonathan A Multiple-Arm, Cluster-Randomized Impact Evaluation of the Clean India (Swachh Bharat) Mission Program in Rural Punjab, India
geographic_facet	South Asia India
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 9249
description	This study reports the findings of a large-scale, multiple-arm, cluster-randomized control study carried out in rural Punjab, India, to assess the impact of a flagship sanitation program of the Government of India. The program, the Clean India Mission for Villages, was implemented between October 2014 and October 2019 and aimed to encourage the construction of toilets, eliminate the practice of open defecation, and improve the awareness and practice of good hygiene across rural India. It utilized a combination of behavioral change campaigns, centered on the community-led total sanitation approach, and financial incentives for eligible households. The study also evaluates the incremental effects of intensive hygiene awareness campaigns in selected schools and follow-up initiatives in selected communities. The study finds that the coverage of “safely managed” toilets among households without toilets increased by 6.8–10.4 percentage points across various intervention arms, compared with a control group. Open defecation was reduced by 7.3–7.8 percentage points. The program also had significant positive impacts on hygiene awareness among adults and children, although the interventions of school campaigns and intensive follow-up were of limited additional impact.
format	Working Paper
author	Andres, Luis Deb, Saubhik Joseph, George Larenas, Maria Isabel Grabinsky Zabludovsky, Jonathan
author_facet	Andres, Luis Deb, Saubhik Joseph, George Larenas, Maria Isabel Grabinsky Zabludovsky, Jonathan
author_sort	Andres, Luis
title	A Multiple-Arm, Cluster-Randomized Impact Evaluation of the Clean India (Swachh Bharat) Mission Program in Rural Punjab, India
title_short	A Multiple-Arm, Cluster-Randomized Impact Evaluation of the Clean India (Swachh Bharat) Mission Program in Rural Punjab, India
title_full	A Multiple-Arm, Cluster-Randomized Impact Evaluation of the Clean India (Swachh Bharat) Mission Program in Rural Punjab, India
title_fullStr	A Multiple-Arm, Cluster-Randomized Impact Evaluation of the Clean India (Swachh Bharat) Mission Program in Rural Punjab, India
title_full_unstemmed	A Multiple-Arm, Cluster-Randomized Impact Evaluation of the Clean India (Swachh Bharat) Mission Program in Rural Punjab, India
title_sort	multiple-arm, cluster-randomized impact evaluation of the clean india (swachh bharat) mission program in rural punjab, india
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2020
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/641551589821357753/A-Multiple-Arm-Cluster-Randomized-Impact-Evaluation-of-the-Clean-India-Swachh-Bharat-Mission-Program-in-Rural-Punjab-India http://hdl.handle.net/10986/33796
_version_	1764479535879815168

A Multiple-Arm, Cluster-Randomized Impact Evaluation of the Clean India (Swachh Bharat) Mission Program in Rural Punjab, India

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