Ghana’s Infrastructure : A Continental Perspective

Infrastructure contributed just over one percentage point to Ghana's annual per capital GDP growth during the 2000s. Raising the country s infrastructure endowment to that of the region's middle-income countries could boost the annual gro...

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Main Authors:	Foster, Vivien, Pushak, Nataliya
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	2012
Subjects:	ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY ACCESSIBILITY ADVANCED INFRASTRUCTURE AIR AIR SAFETY AIR TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT AIRPORTS APPROACH AVAILABILITY BALANCE BANDWIDTH BASINS BOREHOLES BOTTLENECKS BRIDGE BULK SUPPLY CABLE CAPITAL COSTS CAPITAL EXPENDITURE CAPITAL INVESTMENT CARGO CARGO HANDLING CARGO HANDLING CHARGE CARRIERS CARS CASH FLOW CATCHMENT CLIMATE CHANGE COLLECTION SYSTEMS COMPETITIVE MARKETS CONCESSION CONCESSION AGREEMENTS CONCESSION ARRANGEMENTS CONCESSION CONTRACT CONCESSIONS CONGESTION CONTAINER HANDLING CONTAINER HANDLING CHARGES CONTAINER TERMINAL CONTAINER TERMINAL CONCESSION COST OF GAS COST OF POWER COST RECOVERY COSTS OF POWER COVERING CUBIC METER CUBIC METERS DAMS DEMAND FOR POWER DISTRIBUTION ASSETS DISTRIBUTION LOSSES DISTRIBUTION NETWORK DOMESTIC WATER CONSUMPTION DRINKING WATER ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC VIABILITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY TARIFFS ELECTRIFICATION FINANCIAL BURDEN FLEETS FLOODS FLUSH TOILETS FREIGHT FUEL GAS GAS SUPPLY GAS TURBINE GENERATION GENERATION CAPACITY GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROUNDWATER GROWTH RATES HOUSEHOLD BUDGETS HYDROPOWER INFRASTRUCTURE ASSETS INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT INFRASTRUCTURE FUNDING INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES INFRASTRUCTURE SPENDING INTERNATIONAL GATEWAYS INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING LINES INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL INVESTMENT CLIMATE INVESTMENT TARGETS IRRIGATION KILOWATT-HOUR KILOWATT-HOURS LANDLORD MODEL LOCOMOTIVE LOW TARIFFS MARKET PRICES MINERAL RESOURCES NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE NATURAL RESOURCES O&M OIL OIL PRICES OIL PRODUCTION OPEN ACCESS OPERATIONAL DEFICIENCIES OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OPERATORS PIPED WATER PIPELINE POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR QUALITY OF WATER POPULATION CENTERS POPULATION DENSITY PORT OPERATIONS POWER POWER CONSUMPTION POWER COSTS POWER DEMAND POWER GENERATION POWER GENERATION CAPACITY POWER GRID POWER SECTOR POWER SHORTAGES POWER SYSTEM PRESENT VALUE PRICE DIFFERENTIAL PRICE OF OIL PRIVATE OPERATOR PRIVATE PARTICIPATION PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION PROVISION OF WATER PUBLIC FUNDING PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE PUBLIC INVESTMENT PUBLIC PRIVATE INFRASTRUCTURE PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC SERVICES QUALITY OF SERVICE RAIL RAIL COSTS RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE RAIL NETWORK RAIL OPERATOR RAIL SERVICE RAIL TRAFFIC RAILWAY RAILWAYS RAINFALL RELIABILITY OF SUPPLY REVENUE COLLECTION ROAD ROAD MAINTENANCE ROAD NETWORK ROAD NETWORKS ROAD QUALITY ROAD SECTOR ROAD TRAFFIC ROAD TRANSPORT ROADS ROLLING STOCK ROUTE ROUTES RUNOFF RURAL ROADS RURAL WATER SANITATION SANITATION FACILITY SANITATION SECTOR SANITATION UTILITIES SERVICE QUALITY SHIPPING LINES SLUMS SPEEDS STORAGE CAPACITY SURFACE TRANSPORT SURFACE WATER TAPS TAX TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES TELEPHONE NETWORKS TELEPHONE SERVICE THERMAL PLANT THERMAL POWER TOLL TRAFFIC TRAFFIC DENSITY TRAFFIC LEVELS TRAFFIC VOLUMES TRANSIT TRANSMISSION LINES TRANSPORT INDICATORS TRANSPORT INDUSTRY TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORT MARKET TRANSPORT POLICY TRANSPORT QUALITY TRANSPORTATION TRUCK PROCESSING URBAN AREAS URBAN ROAD URBAN ROADS URBAN TRANSPORT URBAN WATER URBAN WATER SUPPLY UTILITY BILLS UTILITY EFFICIENCY UTILITY SERVICES VEHICLES VOICE TELEPHONY WATER COLLECTION WATER COLLECTION SYSTEMS WATER COMPANY WATER CONNECTIONS WATER CONSUMPTION WATER DISTRIBUTION WATER INVESTMENTS WATER POLICY WATER QUALITY WATER RESOURCE WATER RESOURCES WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT WATER SECTOR WATER SERVICE WATER SERVICES WATER SOURCE WATER STANDPOSTS WATER STORAGE WATER SUPPLY WATER TARIFFS WATER UTILITIES WATERS WEALTH
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110317145909 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3366

id	okr-10986-3366
recordtype	oai_dc
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY ACCESSIBILITY ADVANCED INFRASTRUCTURE AIR AIR SAFETY AIR TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT AIRPORTS APPROACH AVAILABILITY BALANCE BANDWIDTH BASINS BOREHOLES BOTTLENECKS BRIDGE BULK SUPPLY CABLE CAPITAL COSTS CAPITAL EXPENDITURE CAPITAL INVESTMENT CARGO CARGO HANDLING CARGO HANDLING CHARGE CARRIERS CARS CASH FLOW CATCHMENT CLIMATE CHANGE COLLECTION SYSTEMS COMPETITIVE MARKETS CONCESSION CONCESSION AGREEMENTS CONCESSION ARRANGEMENTS CONCESSION CONTRACT CONCESSIONS CONGESTION CONTAINER HANDLING CONTAINER HANDLING CHARGES CONTAINER TERMINAL CONTAINER TERMINAL CONCESSION COST OF GAS COST OF POWER COST RECOVERY COSTS OF POWER COVERING CUBIC METER CUBIC METERS DAMS DEMAND FOR POWER DISTRIBUTION ASSETS DISTRIBUTION LOSSES DISTRIBUTION NETWORK DOMESTIC WATER CONSUMPTION DRINKING WATER ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC VIABILITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY TARIFFS ELECTRIFICATION FINANCIAL BURDEN FLEETS FLOODS FLUSH TOILETS FREIGHT FUEL GAS GAS SUPPLY GAS TURBINE GENERATION GENERATION CAPACITY GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROUNDWATER GROWTH RATES HOUSEHOLD BUDGETS HYDROPOWER INFRASTRUCTURE ASSETS INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT INFRASTRUCTURE FUNDING INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES INFRASTRUCTURE SPENDING INTERNATIONAL GATEWAYS INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING LINES INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL INVESTMENT CLIMATE INVESTMENT TARGETS IRRIGATION KILOWATT-HOUR KILOWATT-HOURS LANDLORD MODEL LOCOMOTIVE LOW TARIFFS MARKET PRICES MINERAL RESOURCES NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE NATURAL RESOURCES O&M OIL OIL PRICES OIL PRODUCTION OPEN ACCESS OPERATIONAL DEFICIENCIES OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OPERATORS PIPED WATER PIPELINE POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR QUALITY OF WATER POPULATION CENTERS POPULATION DENSITY PORT OPERATIONS POWER POWER CONSUMPTION POWER COSTS POWER DEMAND POWER GENERATION POWER GENERATION CAPACITY POWER GRID POWER SECTOR POWER SHORTAGES POWER SYSTEM PRESENT VALUE PRICE DIFFERENTIAL PRICE OF OIL PRIVATE OPERATOR PRIVATE PARTICIPATION PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION PROVISION OF WATER PUBLIC FUNDING PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE PUBLIC INVESTMENT PUBLIC PRIVATE INFRASTRUCTURE PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC SERVICES QUALITY OF SERVICE RAIL RAIL COSTS RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE RAIL NETWORK RAIL OPERATOR RAIL SERVICE RAIL TRAFFIC RAILWAY RAILWAYS RAINFALL RELIABILITY OF SUPPLY REVENUE COLLECTION ROAD ROAD MAINTENANCE ROAD NETWORK ROAD NETWORKS ROAD QUALITY ROAD SECTOR ROAD TRAFFIC ROAD TRANSPORT ROADS ROLLING STOCK ROUTE ROUTES RUNOFF RURAL ROADS RURAL WATER SANITATION SANITATION FACILITY SANITATION SECTOR SANITATION UTILITIES SERVICE QUALITY SHIPPING LINES SLUMS SPEEDS STORAGE CAPACITY SURFACE TRANSPORT SURFACE WATER TAPS TAX TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES TELEPHONE NETWORKS TELEPHONE SERVICE THERMAL PLANT THERMAL POWER TOLL TRAFFIC TRAFFIC DENSITY TRAFFIC LEVELS TRAFFIC VOLUMES TRANSIT TRANSMISSION LINES TRANSPORT INDICATORS TRANSPORT INDUSTRY TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORT MARKET TRANSPORT POLICY TRANSPORT QUALITY TRANSPORTATION TRUCK PROCESSING URBAN AREAS URBAN ROAD URBAN ROADS URBAN TRANSPORT URBAN WATER URBAN WATER SUPPLY UTILITY BILLS UTILITY EFFICIENCY UTILITY SERVICES VEHICLES VOICE TELEPHONY WATER COLLECTION WATER COLLECTION SYSTEMS WATER COMPANY WATER CONNECTIONS WATER CONSUMPTION WATER DISTRIBUTION WATER INVESTMENTS WATER POLICY WATER QUALITY WATER RESOURCE WATER RESOURCES WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT WATER SECTOR WATER SERVICE WATER SERVICES WATER SOURCE WATER STANDPOSTS WATER STORAGE WATER SUPPLY WATER TARIFFS WATER UTILITIES WATERS WEALTH
spellingShingle	ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY ACCESSIBILITY ADVANCED INFRASTRUCTURE AIR AIR SAFETY AIR TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT AIRPORTS APPROACH AVAILABILITY BALANCE BANDWIDTH BASINS BOREHOLES BOTTLENECKS BRIDGE BULK SUPPLY CABLE CAPITAL COSTS CAPITAL EXPENDITURE CAPITAL INVESTMENT CARGO CARGO HANDLING CARGO HANDLING CHARGE CARRIERS CARS CASH FLOW CATCHMENT CLIMATE CHANGE COLLECTION SYSTEMS COMPETITIVE MARKETS CONCESSION CONCESSION AGREEMENTS CONCESSION ARRANGEMENTS CONCESSION CONTRACT CONCESSIONS CONGESTION CONTAINER HANDLING CONTAINER HANDLING CHARGES CONTAINER TERMINAL CONTAINER TERMINAL CONCESSION COST OF GAS COST OF POWER COST RECOVERY COSTS OF POWER COVERING CUBIC METER CUBIC METERS DAMS DEMAND FOR POWER DISTRIBUTION ASSETS DISTRIBUTION LOSSES DISTRIBUTION NETWORK DOMESTIC WATER CONSUMPTION DRINKING WATER ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC VIABILITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY TARIFFS ELECTRIFICATION FINANCIAL BURDEN FLEETS FLOODS FLUSH TOILETS FREIGHT FUEL GAS GAS SUPPLY GAS TURBINE GENERATION GENERATION CAPACITY GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROUNDWATER GROWTH RATES HOUSEHOLD BUDGETS HYDROPOWER INFRASTRUCTURE ASSETS INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT INFRASTRUCTURE FUNDING INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES INFRASTRUCTURE SPENDING INTERNATIONAL GATEWAYS INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING LINES INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL INVESTMENT CLIMATE INVESTMENT TARGETS IRRIGATION KILOWATT-HOUR KILOWATT-HOURS LANDLORD MODEL LOCOMOTIVE LOW TARIFFS MARKET PRICES MINERAL RESOURCES NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE NATURAL RESOURCES O&M OIL OIL PRICES OIL PRODUCTION OPEN ACCESS OPERATIONAL DEFICIENCIES OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OPERATORS PIPED WATER PIPELINE POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR QUALITY OF WATER POPULATION CENTERS POPULATION DENSITY PORT OPERATIONS POWER POWER CONSUMPTION POWER COSTS POWER DEMAND POWER GENERATION POWER GENERATION CAPACITY POWER GRID POWER SECTOR POWER SHORTAGES POWER SYSTEM PRESENT VALUE PRICE DIFFERENTIAL PRICE OF OIL PRIVATE OPERATOR PRIVATE PARTICIPATION PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION PROVISION OF WATER PUBLIC FUNDING PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE PUBLIC INVESTMENT PUBLIC PRIVATE INFRASTRUCTURE PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC SERVICES QUALITY OF SERVICE RAIL RAIL COSTS RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE RAIL NETWORK RAIL OPERATOR RAIL SERVICE RAIL TRAFFIC RAILWAY RAILWAYS RAINFALL RELIABILITY OF SUPPLY REVENUE COLLECTION ROAD ROAD MAINTENANCE ROAD NETWORK ROAD NETWORKS ROAD QUALITY ROAD SECTOR ROAD TRAFFIC ROAD TRANSPORT ROADS ROLLING STOCK ROUTE ROUTES RUNOFF RURAL ROADS RURAL WATER SANITATION SANITATION FACILITY SANITATION SECTOR SANITATION UTILITIES SERVICE QUALITY SHIPPING LINES SLUMS SPEEDS STORAGE CAPACITY SURFACE TRANSPORT SURFACE WATER TAPS TAX TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES TELEPHONE NETWORKS TELEPHONE SERVICE THERMAL PLANT THERMAL POWER TOLL TRAFFIC TRAFFIC DENSITY TRAFFIC LEVELS TRAFFIC VOLUMES TRANSIT TRANSMISSION LINES TRANSPORT INDICATORS TRANSPORT INDUSTRY TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORT MARKET TRANSPORT POLICY TRANSPORT QUALITY TRANSPORTATION TRUCK PROCESSING URBAN AREAS URBAN ROAD URBAN ROADS URBAN TRANSPORT URBAN WATER URBAN WATER SUPPLY UTILITY BILLS UTILITY EFFICIENCY UTILITY SERVICES VEHICLES VOICE TELEPHONY WATER COLLECTION WATER COLLECTION SYSTEMS WATER COMPANY WATER CONNECTIONS WATER CONSUMPTION WATER DISTRIBUTION WATER INVESTMENTS WATER POLICY WATER QUALITY WATER RESOURCE WATER RESOURCES WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT WATER SECTOR WATER SERVICE WATER SERVICES WATER SOURCE WATER STANDPOSTS WATER STORAGE WATER SUPPLY WATER TARIFFS WATER UTILITIES WATERS WEALTH Foster, Vivien Pushak, Nataliya Ghana’s Infrastructure : A Continental Perspective
geographic_facet	Africa West Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Ghana
relation	Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5600
description	Infrastructure contributed just over one percentage point to Ghana's annual per capital GDP growth during the 2000s. Raising the country s infrastructure endowment to that of the region's middle-income countries could boost the annual growth rate by more than 2.7 percentage points. Ghana has an advanced infrastructure platform when compared with other low-income countries in Africa. The country s coverage levels for rural water, electricity, and GSM signals are impressive. A large share of the road network is in good or fair condition. Institutional reforms have been adopted in the ICT, ports, roads, and water supply sectors. Ghana s most pressing challenges lie in the power sector, where outmoded transmission and distribution assets, rapid demand growth, and periodic hydrological shocks leave the country reliant on high-cost oil-based generation. Exceptionally high losses in water distribution leave little to reach end customers, who are thus exposed to intermittent supplies. Addressing Ghana's infrastructure challenges will require raising annual expenditures to $2.3 billion. The country already spends about $1.2 billion per year on infrastructure, equivalent to about 7.5 percent of GDP. A further $1.1 billion is lost each year to inefficiencies, notably underpricing of power.Ghana's annual infrastructure funding gap is about $0.4 billion per year, chiefly related to power and water. Following its recent oil discoveries, Ghana can raise additional public funding from increased tax receipts. The country has several strong areas on which to build and a solid economic base from which to fund incremental efforts.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Foster, Vivien Pushak, Nataliya
author_facet	Foster, Vivien Pushak, Nataliya
author_sort	Foster, Vivien
title	Ghana’s Infrastructure : A Continental Perspective
title_short	Ghana’s Infrastructure : A Continental Perspective
title_full	Ghana’s Infrastructure : A Continental Perspective
title_fullStr	Ghana’s Infrastructure : A Continental Perspective
title_full_unstemmed	Ghana’s Infrastructure : A Continental Perspective
title_sort	ghana’s infrastructure : a continental perspective
publishDate	2012
url	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110317145909 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3366
_version_	1764386865708793856
spelling	okr-10986-33662021-04-23T14:02:09Z Ghana’s Infrastructure : A Continental Perspective Foster, Vivien Pushak, Nataliya ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY ACCESSIBILITY ADVANCED INFRASTRUCTURE AIR AIR SAFETY AIR TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT AIRPORTS APPROACH AVAILABILITY BALANCE BANDWIDTH BASINS BOREHOLES BOTTLENECKS BRIDGE BULK SUPPLY CABLE CAPITAL COSTS CAPITAL EXPENDITURE CAPITAL INVESTMENT CARGO CARGO HANDLING CARGO HANDLING CHARGE CARRIERS CARS CASH FLOW CATCHMENT CLIMATE CHANGE COLLECTION SYSTEMS COMPETITIVE MARKETS CONCESSION CONCESSION AGREEMENTS CONCESSION ARRANGEMENTS CONCESSION CONTRACT CONCESSIONS CONGESTION CONTAINER HANDLING CONTAINER HANDLING CHARGES CONTAINER TERMINAL CONTAINER TERMINAL CONCESSION COST OF GAS COST OF POWER COST RECOVERY COSTS OF POWER COVERING CUBIC METER CUBIC METERS DAMS DEMAND FOR POWER DISTRIBUTION ASSETS DISTRIBUTION LOSSES DISTRIBUTION NETWORK DOMESTIC WATER CONSUMPTION DRINKING WATER ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC VIABILITY ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY TARIFFS ELECTRIFICATION FINANCIAL BURDEN FLEETS FLOODS FLUSH TOILETS FREIGHT FUEL GAS GAS SUPPLY GAS TURBINE GENERATION GENERATION CAPACITY GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROUNDWATER GROWTH RATES HOUSEHOLD BUDGETS HYDROPOWER INFRASTRUCTURE ASSETS INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT INFRASTRUCTURE FUNDING INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES INFRASTRUCTURE SPENDING INTERNATIONAL GATEWAYS INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING LINES INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL INVESTMENT CLIMATE INVESTMENT TARGETS IRRIGATION KILOWATT-HOUR KILOWATT-HOURS LANDLORD MODEL LOCOMOTIVE LOW TARIFFS MARKET PRICES MINERAL RESOURCES NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE NATURAL RESOURCES O&M OIL OIL PRICES OIL PRODUCTION OPEN ACCESS OPERATIONAL DEFICIENCIES OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OPERATORS PIPED WATER PIPELINE POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR QUALITY OF WATER POPULATION CENTERS POPULATION DENSITY PORT OPERATIONS POWER POWER CONSUMPTION POWER COSTS POWER DEMAND POWER GENERATION POWER GENERATION CAPACITY POWER GRID POWER SECTOR POWER SHORTAGES POWER SYSTEM PRESENT VALUE PRICE DIFFERENTIAL PRICE OF OIL PRIVATE OPERATOR PRIVATE PARTICIPATION PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION PROVISION OF WATER PUBLIC FUNDING PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE PUBLIC INVESTMENT PUBLIC PRIVATE INFRASTRUCTURE PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC SERVICES QUALITY OF SERVICE RAIL RAIL COSTS RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE RAIL NETWORK RAIL OPERATOR RAIL SERVICE RAIL TRAFFIC RAILWAY RAILWAYS RAINFALL RELIABILITY OF SUPPLY REVENUE COLLECTION ROAD ROAD MAINTENANCE ROAD NETWORK ROAD NETWORKS ROAD QUALITY ROAD SECTOR ROAD TRAFFIC ROAD TRANSPORT ROADS ROLLING STOCK ROUTE ROUTES RUNOFF RURAL ROADS RURAL WATER SANITATION SANITATION FACILITY SANITATION SECTOR SANITATION UTILITIES SERVICE QUALITY SHIPPING LINES SLUMS SPEEDS STORAGE CAPACITY SURFACE TRANSPORT SURFACE WATER TAPS TAX TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES TELEPHONE NETWORKS TELEPHONE SERVICE THERMAL PLANT THERMAL POWER TOLL TRAFFIC TRAFFIC DENSITY TRAFFIC LEVELS TRAFFIC VOLUMES TRANSIT TRANSMISSION LINES TRANSPORT INDICATORS TRANSPORT INDUSTRY TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORT MARKET TRANSPORT POLICY TRANSPORT QUALITY TRANSPORTATION TRUCK PROCESSING URBAN AREAS URBAN ROAD URBAN ROADS URBAN TRANSPORT URBAN WATER URBAN WATER SUPPLY UTILITY BILLS UTILITY EFFICIENCY UTILITY SERVICES VEHICLES VOICE TELEPHONY WATER COLLECTION WATER COLLECTION SYSTEMS WATER COMPANY WATER CONNECTIONS WATER CONSUMPTION WATER DISTRIBUTION WATER INVESTMENTS WATER POLICY WATER QUALITY WATER RESOURCE WATER RESOURCES WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT WATER SECTOR WATER SERVICE WATER SERVICES WATER SOURCE WATER STANDPOSTS WATER STORAGE WATER SUPPLY WATER TARIFFS WATER UTILITIES WATERS WEALTH Infrastructure contributed just over one percentage point to Ghana's annual per capital GDP growth during the 2000s. Raising the country s infrastructure endowment to that of the region's middle-income countries could boost the annual growth rate by more than 2.7 percentage points. Ghana has an advanced infrastructure platform when compared with other low-income countries in Africa. The country s coverage levels for rural water, electricity, and GSM signals are impressive. A large share of the road network is in good or fair condition. Institutional reforms have been adopted in the ICT, ports, roads, and water supply sectors. Ghana s most pressing challenges lie in the power sector, where outmoded transmission and distribution assets, rapid demand growth, and periodic hydrological shocks leave the country reliant on high-cost oil-based generation. Exceptionally high losses in water distribution leave little to reach end customers, who are thus exposed to intermittent supplies. Addressing Ghana's infrastructure challenges will require raising annual expenditures to $2.3 billion. The country already spends about $1.2 billion per year on infrastructure, equivalent to about 7.5 percent of GDP. A further $1.1 billion is lost each year to inefficiencies, notably underpricing of power.Ghana's annual infrastructure funding gap is about $0.4 billion per year, chiefly related to power and water. Following its recent oil discoveries, Ghana can raise additional public funding from increased tax receipts. The country has several strong areas on which to build and a solid economic base from which to fund incremental efforts. 2012-03-19T18:01:08Z 2012-03-19T18:01:08Z 2011-03-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110317145909 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3366 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5600 3334 3235 3325 3458 3237 3120 3448 3525 3236 3234 3322 3324 3473 3527 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Africa West Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Ghana

Ghana’s Infrastructure : A Continental Perspective

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