What are the Empirical Determinants of International Tourist Arrivals and Expenditures? An Empirical Application to the Case of Sao Tome and Principe

The link between tourism and growth is very important for some countries, especially small island countries like São Tomé and Príncipe. This paper investigates the empirical determinants of tourism outcomes (tourist arrivals and expenditures) and u...

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Main Authors:	Montes-Rojas, Gabriel, Barroso, Rafael
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2020
Subjects:	SERVICES TRADE TOURISM PANEL DATA SMALL-ISLAND STATES
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/312691584467066838/What-are-the-Empirical-Determinants-of-International-Tourist-Arrivals-and-Expenditures-An-Empirical-Application-to-the-Case-of-Sao-Tome-and-Principe http://hdl.handle.net/10986/33449

id	okr-10986-33449
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-334492022-09-20T00:12:57Z What are the Empirical Determinants of International Tourist Arrivals and Expenditures? An Empirical Application to the Case of Sao Tome and Principe Montes-Rojas, Gabriel Barroso, Rafael SERVICES TRADE TOURISM PANEL DATA SMALL-ISLAND STATES The link between tourism and growth is very important for some countries, especially small island countries like São Tomé and Príncipe. This paper investigates the empirical determinants of tourism outcomes (tourist arrivals and expenditures) and uses the findings to assess the performance of the tourism sector in São Tomé and Príncipe. The paper confirms most of the results found in the literature on the general determinants of tourism. Tourist arrivals increase with the gross domestic product and exports of the host country, as well as with increased air connectivity. Real exchange rate variations affect tourist decisions, and tourism outcomes have a persistent effect. The paper also finds that a positive attitude toward acceptance of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people increases tourist arrivals. Unfortunately, the relationship between digital presence and tourism outcomes could not be tested. The paper shows that São Tomé and Príncipe can do better in tourist arrivals, but it already has good performance on expenditures per tourist. Improving air connectivity is key to attracting more tourists, and demand for tourism is not very price sensitive, implying that the strategy to focus on high-spending tourists is the correct one. 2020-03-19T18:27:43Z 2020-03-19T18:27:43Z 2020-03 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/312691584467066838/What-are-the-Empirical-Determinants-of-International-Tourist-Arrivals-and-Expenditures-An-Empirical-Application-to-the-Case-of-Sao-Tome-and-Principe http://hdl.handle.net/10986/33449 English Policy Research Working Paper;No. 9189 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Africa Sao Tome and Principe
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	SERVICES TRADE TOURISM PANEL DATA SMALL-ISLAND STATES
spellingShingle	SERVICES TRADE TOURISM PANEL DATA SMALL-ISLAND STATES Montes-Rojas, Gabriel Barroso, Rafael What are the Empirical Determinants of International Tourist Arrivals and Expenditures? An Empirical Application to the Case of Sao Tome and Principe
geographic_facet	Africa Sao Tome and Principe
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 9189
description	The link between tourism and growth is very important for some countries, especially small island countries like São Tomé and Príncipe. This paper investigates the empirical determinants of tourism outcomes (tourist arrivals and expenditures) and uses the findings to assess the performance of the tourism sector in São Tomé and Príncipe. The paper confirms most of the results found in the literature on the general determinants of tourism. Tourist arrivals increase with the gross domestic product and exports of the host country, as well as with increased air connectivity. Real exchange rate variations affect tourist decisions, and tourism outcomes have a persistent effect. The paper also finds that a positive attitude toward acceptance of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people increases tourist arrivals. Unfortunately, the relationship between digital presence and tourism outcomes could not be tested. The paper shows that São Tomé and Príncipe can do better in tourist arrivals, but it already has good performance on expenditures per tourist. Improving air connectivity is key to attracting more tourists, and demand for tourism is not very price sensitive, implying that the strategy to focus on high-spending tourists is the correct one.
format	Working Paper
author	Montes-Rojas, Gabriel Barroso, Rafael
author_facet	Montes-Rojas, Gabriel Barroso, Rafael
author_sort	Montes-Rojas, Gabriel
title	What are the Empirical Determinants of International Tourist Arrivals and Expenditures? An Empirical Application to the Case of Sao Tome and Principe
title_short	What are the Empirical Determinants of International Tourist Arrivals and Expenditures? An Empirical Application to the Case of Sao Tome and Principe
title_full	What are the Empirical Determinants of International Tourist Arrivals and Expenditures? An Empirical Application to the Case of Sao Tome and Principe
title_fullStr	What are the Empirical Determinants of International Tourist Arrivals and Expenditures? An Empirical Application to the Case of Sao Tome and Principe
title_full_unstemmed	What are the Empirical Determinants of International Tourist Arrivals and Expenditures? An Empirical Application to the Case of Sao Tome and Principe
title_sort	what are the empirical determinants of international tourist arrivals and expenditures? an empirical application to the case of sao tome and principe
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2020
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/312691584467066838/What-are-the-Empirical-Determinants-of-International-Tourist-Arrivals-and-Expenditures-An-Empirical-Application-to-the-Case-of-Sao-Tome-and-Principe http://hdl.handle.net/10986/33449
_version_	1764478787453452288

What are the Empirical Determinants of International Tourist Arrivals and Expenditures? An Empirical Application to the Case of Sao Tome and Principe

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