The Two Poverty Enlightenments : Historical Insights from Digitized Books Spanning Three Centuries

The Two Poverty Enlightenments : Historical Insights from Digitized Books Spanning Three Centuries

Word searches of Google's library of digitized books suggest that there have been two "Poverty Enlightenments" since 1700, one near the end of the 18th century and the second near the end of the 20th. The historical literature sugges...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Ravallion, Martin
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	2012
Subjects:	ABSOLUTE POVERTY ANTI-POVERTY ANTIPOVERTY POLICIES AVERAGE INCOME AVERAGE LEVEL BASIC EDUCATION BASIC HEALTH BEGGARS CHARACTER CIVIL SOCIETY COUNTERFACTUAL CRIME DEVELOPED WORLD DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING WORLD DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DEVELOPMENT REPORT DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH ECONOMIC AFFAIRS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMICS EQUAL RIGHTS EXTREME POVERTY FAMINE FERTILITY FORMS OF POVERTY GINI INDEX GLOBAL POVERTY HEADCOUNT INDEX HEADCOUNT RATIO HIGH INFLATION HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORTS HUMAN RIGHTS INCOME INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME REDISTRIBUTION INDUSTRIAL POLICY INEQUALITY INSURANCE LITERACY LIVING STANDARDS LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARKET FAILURES MEASURING POVERTY PERSISTENT POVERTY PERVASIVE POVERTY POLICY CIRCLES POLICY DEBATE POLICY INTERVENTION POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POOR FAMILIES POOR HEALTH POOR PARENTS POOR PEOPLE POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY DATA POVERTY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES POVERTY INCREASES POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY POLICIES POVERTY RATE PUBLIC POLICIES PUBLIC SPENDING REDUCING POVERTY RICH PEOPLE RURAL RURAL POVERTY RURAL SECTOR SAFETY NET SCHOOLING SOCIAL POLICIES SOCIAL PROGRAMS SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL SPENDING STANDARD OF LIVING SUBSISTENCE TARGETING TAXATION UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN POVERTY WAGE RATES WAR WELFARE DEPENDENCY WIDESPREAD POVERTY WORKING CONDITIONS WORKING POOR
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110214143026 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3334

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Summary:	Word searches of Google's library of digitized books suggest that there have been two "Poverty Enlightenments" since 1700, one near the end of the 18th century and the second near the end of the 20th. The historical literature suggests that only the second came with a widespread belief that poverty could and should be eliminated. After the first Poverty Enlightenment, references to "poverty" (as a percentage of all words) were on a trend decline until 1960, after which there was a striking resurgence of interest, which came with rising attention to economics and more frequent references to both general and specific policies relevant to poverty. Developing countries also became more prominent in the literature. Both Enlightenments came with greater attention to human rights. The written record reflects the push-back against government intervention and the retreat from leftist economics and politics since the late 1970s. Although many debates from 200 years ago continue today, there is little sign that the modern revival of the classical 19th century views on the limitations of government has come with a revival of the complacency about poverty that was common early in that century.

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