'Green' Growth, 'Green' Jobs and Labor Markets
The term 'green jobs' can refer to employment in a narrowly defined set of industries providing environmental services. But it is more useful for the policy-maker to focus on the broader issue of the employment consequences of policies to...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2012
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20120307084323 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3277 |
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okr-10986-3277 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ACTIVE LABOR ACTIVE LABOR MARKET ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES ADJUSTMENT COSTS ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AFFORESTATION AGGREGATE DEMAND AGGREGATE PRODUCTIVITY AGGREGATE SUPPLY AIR AIR POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION CONTROL ALLOWANCE ALTERNATIVE ENERGY ATMOSPHERE BENEFIT ANALYSIS BIOMASS BUSINESS AS USUAL SCENARIO BUSINESS CYCLE BUSINESS CYCLES CAPITAL FORMATION CARBON CARBON CONTENT CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS CARBON DIOXIDE MITIGATION CARBON ECONOMY CARBON EMISSIONS CARBON ENERGY CARBON PRICE CARBON SOURCES CARBON TAX CARBON TECHNOLOGIES CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLEAN ENERGY CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE ECONOMICS CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION CLIMATE POLICY CLIMATIC CONDITIONS CO CO2 COAL COMMODITY TRADE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVE MARKETS CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE CONVERGENCE CREATING JOBS CROWDING OUT DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DIRECT JOB CREATION DISEQUILIBRIUM DISPLACED LABOR DISPLACEMENT DOUBLE DIVIDEND DOUBLE DIVIDEND HYPOTHESIS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC BENEFITS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC DYNAMICS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMICS EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY GENERATION ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION EMISSION EMISSION ABATEMENT EMISSIONS EMISSIONS FROM ENERGY PRODUCTION EMISSIONS INTENSITY EMPIRICAL STUDIES EMPLOYMENT EFFECT EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS EMPLOYMENT GENERATION EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE EMPLOYMENT IMPACTS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY POLICY ENERGY PRODUCTION ENERGY SOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ENVIRONMENTAL TAXATION ENVIRONMENTAL TAXES EQUILIBRIUM EXTERNALITIES FERTILIZERS FOREST FOREST COVER FOREST MANAGEMENT FOREST RESTORATION FOSSIL FUEL FOSSIL FUELS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE FRICTIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT GENERATION CAPACITY GHG GLOBAL WARMING GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GASES HEAVY INDUSTRY HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME SUPPORT INFORMAL ECONOMY INFORMAL SECTOR INVOLUNTARY UNEMPLOYMENT JOB CREATION JOB DESTRUCTION JOB DISPLACEMENT JOB GENERATION JOB LOSSES JOB SEARCH JOB SECURITY JOBS JOBS CREATION LABOR DEMAND LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR FORCE LABOR INPUTS LABOR INTENSITY LABOR MARKET ADJUSTMENT LABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKETS LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABOR SUPPLY LABOUR LABOUR DEMAND LABOUR MARKET LABOUR SUPPLY LAND USE LOW-CARBON MARGINAL PRODUCT MARKET ECONOMIES MARKET PRICES METHANE METHANE EMISSIONS MULTIPLIER EFFECT MULTIPLIERS NATURAL GAS NATURAL RESOURCES OCCUPATIONS OIL OPPORTUNITY COSTS PAID WORKERS PAYROLL TAX PAYROLL TAXES PESTICIDES PHOTOVOLTAICS POLICY INSTRUMENTS POLICY MAKERS POLLUTION PP PREVIOUS SECTION PRICE CHANGES PRICE POLICIES PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTORS PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC WORKS REAL WAGE RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES RESOURCE MANAGEMENT RESOURCE USE RETROFITTING REVENUE RECYCLING RURAL EMPLOYMENT RURAL WORKERS SHADOW PRICES SKILL REQUIREMENTS SKILL SHORTAGES SKILLED WORKERS SOLAR POWER STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT SUPPLY CURVES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE GROWTH TAX REVENUE TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TOTAL UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNEP UNSKILLED JOBS UNSKILLED LABOR VOCATIONAL TRAINING WAGE ADJUSTMENT WAGE GAP WAGE GROWTH WAGE RATES WAGE RIGIDITY WAGES WASTE MANAGEMENT WIND WIND POWER WORKER WORKERS WORKING CONDITIONS |
| spellingShingle |
ACTIVE LABOR ACTIVE LABOR MARKET ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES ADJUSTMENT COSTS ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AFFORESTATION AGGREGATE DEMAND AGGREGATE PRODUCTIVITY AGGREGATE SUPPLY AIR AIR POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION CONTROL ALLOWANCE ALTERNATIVE ENERGY ATMOSPHERE BENEFIT ANALYSIS BIOMASS BUSINESS AS USUAL SCENARIO BUSINESS CYCLE BUSINESS CYCLES CAPITAL FORMATION CARBON CARBON CONTENT CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS CARBON DIOXIDE MITIGATION CARBON ECONOMY CARBON EMISSIONS CARBON ENERGY CARBON PRICE CARBON SOURCES CARBON TAX CARBON TECHNOLOGIES CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLEAN ENERGY CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE ECONOMICS CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION CLIMATE POLICY CLIMATIC CONDITIONS CO CO2 COAL COMMODITY TRADE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVE MARKETS CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE CONVERGENCE CREATING JOBS CROWDING OUT DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DIRECT JOB CREATION DISEQUILIBRIUM DISPLACED LABOR DISPLACEMENT DOUBLE DIVIDEND DOUBLE DIVIDEND HYPOTHESIS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC BENEFITS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC DYNAMICS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMICS EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY GENERATION ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION EMISSION EMISSION ABATEMENT EMISSIONS EMISSIONS FROM ENERGY PRODUCTION EMISSIONS INTENSITY EMPIRICAL STUDIES EMPLOYMENT EFFECT EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS EMPLOYMENT GENERATION EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE EMPLOYMENT IMPACTS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY POLICY ENERGY PRODUCTION ENERGY SOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ENVIRONMENTAL TAXATION ENVIRONMENTAL TAXES EQUILIBRIUM EXTERNALITIES FERTILIZERS FOREST FOREST COVER FOREST MANAGEMENT FOREST RESTORATION FOSSIL FUEL FOSSIL FUELS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE FRICTIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT GENERATION CAPACITY GHG GLOBAL WARMING GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GASES HEAVY INDUSTRY HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME SUPPORT INFORMAL ECONOMY INFORMAL SECTOR INVOLUNTARY UNEMPLOYMENT JOB CREATION JOB DESTRUCTION JOB DISPLACEMENT JOB GENERATION JOB LOSSES JOB SEARCH JOB SECURITY JOBS JOBS CREATION LABOR DEMAND LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR FORCE LABOR INPUTS LABOR INTENSITY LABOR MARKET ADJUSTMENT LABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKETS LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABOR SUPPLY LABOUR LABOUR DEMAND LABOUR MARKET LABOUR SUPPLY LAND USE LOW-CARBON MARGINAL PRODUCT MARKET ECONOMIES MARKET PRICES METHANE METHANE EMISSIONS MULTIPLIER EFFECT MULTIPLIERS NATURAL GAS NATURAL RESOURCES OCCUPATIONS OIL OPPORTUNITY COSTS PAID WORKERS PAYROLL TAX PAYROLL TAXES PESTICIDES PHOTOVOLTAICS POLICY INSTRUMENTS POLICY MAKERS POLLUTION PP PREVIOUS SECTION PRICE CHANGES PRICE POLICIES PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTORS PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC WORKS REAL WAGE RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES RESOURCE MANAGEMENT RESOURCE USE RETROFITTING REVENUE RECYCLING RURAL EMPLOYMENT RURAL WORKERS SHADOW PRICES SKILL REQUIREMENTS SKILL SHORTAGES SKILLED WORKERS SOLAR POWER STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT SUPPLY CURVES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE GROWTH TAX REVENUE TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TOTAL UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNEP UNSKILLED JOBS UNSKILLED LABOR VOCATIONAL TRAINING WAGE ADJUSTMENT WAGE GAP WAGE GROWTH WAGE RATES WAGE RIGIDITY WAGES WASTE MANAGEMENT WIND WIND POWER WORKER WORKERS WORKING CONDITIONS Bowen, Alex 'Green' Growth, 'Green' Jobs and Labor Markets |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper ; No. 5990 |
| description |
The term 'green jobs' can
refer to employment in a narrowly defined set of industries
providing environmental services. But it is more useful for
the policy-maker to focus on the broader issue of the
employment consequences of policies to correct environmental
externalities such as anthropogenic climate change. Most of
the literature focuses on direct employment created, with
more cursory treatment of indirect and induced job creation,
especially that arising from macroeconomic effects of
policies. The potential adverse impacts of green growth
policies on labor productivity and the costs of employment
tend to be overlooked. More attention also needs to be paid
in this literature to how labor markets work in different
types of economy. There may be wedges between the shadow
wage and the actual wage, particularly in developing
countries with segmented labor markets and after adverse
aggregate demand shocks, warranting a bigger and
longer-lasting boost to green projects with high labor
content. In these circumstances, the transition to green
growth and job creation can go hand in hand. But there are
challenges, especially for countries that have built their
industrial development strategies around cheap carbon-based
energy. Induced structural change, green or otherwise,
should be accompanied by active labor market policies. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Bowen, Alex |
| author_facet |
Bowen, Alex |
| author_sort |
Bowen, Alex |
| title |
'Green' Growth,
'Green' Jobs and Labor Markets |
| title_short |
'Green' Growth,
'Green' Jobs and Labor Markets |
| title_full |
'Green' Growth,
'Green' Jobs and Labor Markets |
| title_fullStr |
'Green' Growth,
'Green' Jobs and Labor Markets |
| title_full_unstemmed |
'Green' Growth,
'Green' Jobs and Labor Markets |
| title_sort |
'green' growth,
'green' jobs and labor markets |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20120307084323 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3277 |
| _version_ |
1764386718697390080 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-32772021-04-23T14:02:08Z 'Green' Growth, 'Green' Jobs and Labor Markets Bowen, Alex ACTIVE LABOR ACTIVE LABOR MARKET ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES ADJUSTMENT COSTS ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AFFORESTATION AGGREGATE DEMAND AGGREGATE PRODUCTIVITY AGGREGATE SUPPLY AIR AIR POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION CONTROL ALLOWANCE ALTERNATIVE ENERGY ATMOSPHERE BENEFIT ANALYSIS BIOMASS BUSINESS AS USUAL SCENARIO BUSINESS CYCLE BUSINESS CYCLES CAPITAL FORMATION CARBON CARBON CONTENT CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS CARBON DIOXIDE MITIGATION CARBON ECONOMY CARBON EMISSIONS CARBON ENERGY CARBON PRICE CARBON SOURCES CARBON TAX CARBON TECHNOLOGIES CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLEAN ENERGY CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE ECONOMICS CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION CLIMATE POLICY CLIMATIC CONDITIONS CO CO2 COAL COMMODITY TRADE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVE MARKETS CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE CONVERGENCE CREATING JOBS CROWDING OUT DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DIRECT JOB CREATION DISEQUILIBRIUM DISPLACED LABOR DISPLACEMENT DOUBLE DIVIDEND DOUBLE DIVIDEND HYPOTHESIS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC BENEFITS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC DYNAMICS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMICS EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY GENERATION ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION EMISSION EMISSION ABATEMENT EMISSIONS EMISSIONS FROM ENERGY PRODUCTION EMISSIONS INTENSITY EMPIRICAL STUDIES EMPLOYMENT EFFECT EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS EMPLOYMENT GENERATION EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE EMPLOYMENT IMPACTS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY POLICY ENERGY PRODUCTION ENERGY SOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ENVIRONMENTAL TAXATION ENVIRONMENTAL TAXES EQUILIBRIUM EXTERNALITIES FERTILIZERS FOREST FOREST COVER FOREST MANAGEMENT FOREST RESTORATION FOSSIL FUEL FOSSIL FUELS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE FRICTIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT GENERATION CAPACITY GHG GLOBAL WARMING GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GASES HEAVY INDUSTRY HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME SUPPORT INFORMAL ECONOMY INFORMAL SECTOR INVOLUNTARY UNEMPLOYMENT JOB CREATION JOB DESTRUCTION JOB DISPLACEMENT JOB GENERATION JOB LOSSES JOB SEARCH JOB SECURITY JOBS JOBS CREATION LABOR DEMAND LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR FORCE LABOR INPUTS LABOR INTENSITY LABOR MARKET ADJUSTMENT LABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKETS LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABOR SUPPLY LABOUR LABOUR DEMAND LABOUR MARKET LABOUR SUPPLY LAND USE LOW-CARBON MARGINAL PRODUCT MARKET ECONOMIES MARKET PRICES METHANE METHANE EMISSIONS MULTIPLIER EFFECT MULTIPLIERS NATURAL GAS NATURAL RESOURCES OCCUPATIONS OIL OPPORTUNITY COSTS PAID WORKERS PAYROLL TAX PAYROLL TAXES PESTICIDES PHOTOVOLTAICS POLICY INSTRUMENTS POLICY MAKERS POLLUTION PP PREVIOUS SECTION PRICE CHANGES PRICE POLICIES PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTORS PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC WORKS REAL WAGE RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES RESOURCE MANAGEMENT RESOURCE USE RETROFITTING REVENUE RECYCLING RURAL EMPLOYMENT RURAL WORKERS SHADOW PRICES SKILL REQUIREMENTS SKILL SHORTAGES SKILLED WORKERS SOLAR POWER STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT SUPPLY CURVES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE GROWTH TAX REVENUE TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TOTAL UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNEP UNSKILLED JOBS UNSKILLED LABOR VOCATIONAL TRAINING WAGE ADJUSTMENT WAGE GAP WAGE GROWTH WAGE RATES WAGE RIGIDITY WAGES WASTE MANAGEMENT WIND WIND POWER WORKER WORKERS WORKING CONDITIONS The term 'green jobs' can refer to employment in a narrowly defined set of industries providing environmental services. But it is more useful for the policy-maker to focus on the broader issue of the employment consequences of policies to correct environmental externalities such as anthropogenic climate change. Most of the literature focuses on direct employment created, with more cursory treatment of indirect and induced job creation, especially that arising from macroeconomic effects of policies. The potential adverse impacts of green growth policies on labor productivity and the costs of employment tend to be overlooked. More attention also needs to be paid in this literature to how labor markets work in different types of economy. There may be wedges between the shadow wage and the actual wage, particularly in developing countries with segmented labor markets and after adverse aggregate demand shocks, warranting a bigger and longer-lasting boost to green projects with high labor content. In these circumstances, the transition to green growth and job creation can go hand in hand. But there are challenges, especially for countries that have built their industrial development strategies around cheap carbon-based energy. Induced structural change, green or otherwise, should be accompanied by active labor market policies. 2012-03-19T17:29:35Z 2012-03-19T17:29:35Z 2012-03-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20120307084323 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3277 English Policy Research Working Paper ; No. 5990 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |