Landlocked or Policy Locked? How Services Trade Protection Deepens Economic Isolation

A new cross-country database on services policy reveals a perverse pattern: many landlocked countries restrict trade in the very services that connect them with the rest of the world. On average, telecommunications and air-transport policies are si...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Borchert, Ingo, Gootiiz, Batshur, Grover, Arti, Mattoo, Aaditya
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English
Published:	2012
Subjects:	ACCESSIBILITY ACCOUNTABILITY ACCOUNTING ADVERSE EFFECT ADVERSE IMPACT AIR AIR CARGO AIR FREIGHT AIR MOVEMENTS AIR PASSENGER AIR ROUTES AIR SERVICE AIR SERVICES AIR TRAFFIC AIR TRANSPORT AIR TRANSPORT SECTOR AIRCRAFT AIRPORT AIRPORT CONGESTION AIRPORT INFRASTRUCTURE AIRPORTS AIRWAYS AVERAGE COSTS AVIATION POLICIES BARRIERS TO ENTRY BENCHMARK CARRIERS COMMON MARKET COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMER SURPLUS CONSUMERS CONTESTABILITY CORRUPTION COST FUNCTIONS COST OF TRANSPORTATION DECISION MAKERS DEMAND CURVE DEMAND ELASTICITIES DEMAND ELASTICITY DEMAND FUNCTION DEMAND FUNCTIONS DEMOCRACY DEMOCRATIC COUNTRIES DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISCRETION DISECONOMIES OF SCALE DOMESTIC AIR TRANSPORT DUOPOLY ECONOMETRIC ANALYSES ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC SIZE ECONOMIES OF SCALE FAIRS FLIGHT CONNECTIONS FREIGHT FREIGHT TRANSPORT FUEL FUEL PRICES FUTURE RESEARCH GDP GDP PER CAPITA GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS HIGH TRANSPORT INCOME LEVELS INEFFICIENCY INELASTIC DEMAND INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT INTERNATIONAL FLIGHTS INTERNATIONAL GATEWAYS INTERNATIONAL MARKET INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT INVESTIGATION LOBBYING MARGINAL COST MARGINAL REVENUE MARITIME TRANSPORT MARKET ACCESS MARKET CONCENTRATION MARKET ENTRY MARKET LIBERALIZATION MARKET POWER MARKET SHARE MARKET STRUCTURE MARKET STUDY MODE OF TRANSPORTATION MONOPOLY OLIGOPOLY PASSENGER TRAFFIC PASSENGER TRANSPORT PASSENGERS PER CAPITA INCOME POLICES POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL PARTICIPATION POLITICAL PROCESS POPULATION DENSITY POSITIVE EXTERNALITY PRICE ELASTICITY PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND PRIVATIZATION RADIO RAIL RAIL TRANSPORT RAILWAY REGRESSION ANALYSIS REMEDY RETAIL RETAILING ROAD ROAD TRANSPORT ROAD TRANSPORT SERVICES ROADS ROUTE ROUTES RUNWAY RUNWAYS SALE SALES SCALE EFFECT SEAT CAPACITY SERVICES MARKETS STRATEGIC COMPLEMENTARITY SUBSTITUTE SUNK COSTS SUPPLIER SUPPLIERS SUPPLY CHAIN SURPLUS TARIFF BARRIERS TAX TELECOM SECTOR TELECOM SERVICES TELECOMMUNICATION TELECOMMUNICATIONS TELECOMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURE TELECOMMUNICATIONS REFORM TELECOMMUNICATIONS REFORMS TELECOMMUNICATIONS SECTOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES TELEDENSITY TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRAFFIC TRANSIT TRANSPARENCY TRANSPORT TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT ECONOMICS TRANSPORT MARKET TRANSPORT POLICIES TRANSPORT SECTOR TRANSPORT SERVICE TRANSPORT SERVICE PROVIDERS TRANSPORT SERVICES TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORTATION SERVICES TRUE URUGUAY ROUND VALUATION WTO
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20120110105432 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3227