Methodology and Findings for the Exposure Analysis of the Chinese Wastewater Sector to Flooding and Earthquakes Hazards
This paper describes the methodology and findings for the extreme hazard exposure analysis of the Chinese wastewater sector to flooding and earthquakes hazards. This analysis is undertaken for changing flooding, under climate scenarios, and earthqu...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
World Bank, Washington, DC
2019
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/661501560863483689/Methodology-and-Findings-for-the-Exposure-Analysis-of-the-Chinese-Wastewater-Sector-to-Flooding-and-Earthquakes-Hazards http://hdl.handle.net/10986/31923 |
| Summary: | This paper describes the methodology and
findings for the extreme hazard exposure analysis of the
Chinese wastewater sector to flooding and earthquakes
hazards. This analysis is undertaken for changing flooding,
under climate scenarios, and earthquake exposure of a
spatially accurate wastewater treatment plants (WWTP)
database for China, covering a total of 1,346 assets with
additional attributes quantifying the treatment capacity and
users dependent on each plant. For flooding, we apply and
downscale a global river routing (CaMa-Flood) model that
quantifies the change degree of flood exposures from the
present time-period (1980-2005) to the near future
time-period (2016-2035) to a far future time period
(2036-2055). We find evidence that most climate models
project increasing number of WWTP assets face
climate-induced flood hazards in both the near and far
future, potentially affecting as many as 208 million users
by 2050. However, there are spatial and temporal variations
from these projections which means that planning for
resilient wastewater infrastructure requires more detailed
understanding of the vulnerability attributes of WWTPs
including their exact location, the number of users they
serve as well as their flood protection standards. For
earthquakes, we examine the exposure of WWTPs to earthquake
hazards through both seismic shaking and induced
liquefaction. Overall, we demonstrate the significant risk
that earthquakes can have on the WWTP process -- especially
on centralized systems. By considering liquefaction
susceptibility in combination with shaking, we expose a
number of WWTPs that face an increased level of exposure to
damages following earthquakes compared to looking at shaking
in isolation. |
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