Trends and Linkages in Schooling and Work among Cambodian Youth : A Cohort Panel Analysis
Cambodia’s education sector has faced and overcome a number of challenges in recent history. Several decades of political and social unrest caused by the Khmer Rouge regime of the 1970s and Vietnamese occupation in the 1980’s dealt a severe blow to...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Report |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
World Bank, Washington, DC
2019
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/560241556739730578/Schooling-Skills-and-Success-trends-and-linkages-in-schooling-and-work-among-Cambodian-youth-a-cohort-panel-analysis http://hdl.handle.net/10986/31621 |
| Summary: | Cambodia’s education sector has faced
and overcome a number of challenges in recent history.
Several decades of political and social unrest caused by the
Khmer Rouge regime of the 1970s and Vietnamese occupation in
the 1980’s dealt a severe blow to the education system and
left it in a state of disintegration. Primary and secondary
enrollment through to the 1980’s fell, with school
attendance dramatically lower for individuals who were
teenagers in 1975 compared to previous or subsequent cohorts
(de Walque, 2004). There were improvements by the following
decade: The Paris Agreements and beginnings of UN sponsored
elections ushered in a renewed focus on building and
reconstructing schools and increasing the national budget
allocation toward education, which reached 15.7 percent in
2001 (GAD/C 2002). Recent generations of youth enjoy greater
access to schooling than previous ones; 49 percent of youth
finish their education at a level higher than their father
and 63 percent finish at a level higher than their mother
(ILO, 2013). Net primary enrollments increased from 84
percent in 1992 to 96.4 percent in 2012, and net secondary
enrollments from 16.6 percent in 2000 to 35 percent in 2012
(Tandon and Fukao, 2015). The labor market in Cambodia also
went through a transformation in part due tostrong economic
growth for the last two decades: salaried employment rose
one-third in this period from 23 percent in 2004 to 30
percent in 2011 (ILO, 2013). As of 2015, Cambodia has
attained the lower-middle-income status, with gross national
income (GNI) per capita reaching US$1,070. Section one
presents the data, a general overview of the cohort panel
approach, and initial visual evidence on and discussion of
cross-cohort patterns. Section two presents methods and
results from our empirical exercise disentangling cohort
versus age and time effects. Here we are able to get a more
accurate insight into our first objective. Section three
uses a regression analysis framework to present evidence on
the relationship between early cohort experiences and labor
adult labor market outcomes, our second objective. Section
four concludes. |
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