Animal Feces Contribute to Domestic Fecal Contamination : Evidence from E. coli Measured in Water, Hands, Food, Flies, and Soil in Bangladesh

Fecal-oral pathogens are transmitted through complex, environmentally mediated pathways. Sanitation interventions that isolate human feces from the environment may reduce transmission but have shown limited impact on environmental contamination. We conducted a study in rural Bangladesh to (1) quanti...

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Main Authors:	Ercumen, Ayse, Pickering, Amy J., Kwong, Laura H., Arnold, Benjamin F., Parvez, Sarker Masud, Alam, Mahfuja, Sen, Debashis, Islam, Sharmin, Kullmann, Craig, Chase, Claire, Ahmed, Rokeya, Unicomb, Leanne, Luby, Stephen P., Colford, John M., Jr.
Format:	Journal Article
Published:	American Chemical Society 2019
Subjects:	SANITATION RURAL HEALTH DOMESTIC ANIMALS FECAL CONTAMINATION WATER AND SANITATION LATRINE
Online Access:	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/31369

id	okr-10986-31369
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-313692021-05-25T10:54:37Z Animal Feces Contribute to Domestic Fecal Contamination : Evidence from E. coli Measured in Water, Hands, Food, Flies, and Soil in Bangladesh Ercumen, Ayse Pickering, Amy J. Kwong, Laura H. Arnold, Benjamin F. Parvez, Sarker Masud Alam, Mahfuja Sen, Debashis Islam, Sharmin Kullmann, Craig Chase, Claire Ahmed, Rokeya Unicomb, Leanne Luby, Stephen P. Colford, John M., Jr. SANITATION RURAL HEALTH DOMESTIC ANIMALS FECAL CONTAMINATION WATER AND SANITATION LATRINE Fecal-oral pathogens are transmitted through complex, environmentally mediated pathways. Sanitation interventions that isolate human feces from the environment may reduce transmission but have shown limited impact on environmental contamination. We conducted a study in rural Bangladesh to (1) quantify domestic fecal contamination in settings with high on-site sanitation coverage; (2) determine how domestic animals affect fecal contamination; and (3) assess how each environmental pathway affects others. We collected water, hand rinse, food, soil, and fly samples from 608 households. We analyzed samples with IDEXX Quantitray for the most probable number (MPN) of E. coli. We detected E. coli in source water (25%), stored water (77%), child hands (43%), food (58%), flies (50%), ponds (97%), and soil (95%). Soil had >120 000 mean MPN E. coli per gram. In compounds with vs without animals, E. coli was higher by 0.54 log10 in soil, 0.40 log10 in stored water and 0.61 log10 in food (p < 0.05). E. coli in stored water and food increased with increasing E. coli in soil, ponds, source water and hands. We provide empirical evidence of fecal transmission in the domestic environment despite on-site sanitation. Animal feces contribute to fecal contamination, and fecal indicator bacteria do not strictly indicate human fecal contamination when animals are present. 2019-03-12T14:35:42Z 2019-03-12T14:35:42Z 2017-07-07 Journal Article Environmental Science and Technology http://hdl.handle.net/10986/31369 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank American Chemical Society Publications & Research :: Journal Article Publications & Research South Asia Bangladesh
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
topic	SANITATION RURAL HEALTH DOMESTIC ANIMALS FECAL CONTAMINATION WATER AND SANITATION LATRINE
spellingShingle	SANITATION RURAL HEALTH DOMESTIC ANIMALS FECAL CONTAMINATION WATER AND SANITATION LATRINE Ercumen, Ayse Pickering, Amy J. Kwong, Laura H. Arnold, Benjamin F. Parvez, Sarker Masud Alam, Mahfuja Sen, Debashis Islam, Sharmin Kullmann, Craig Chase, Claire Ahmed, Rokeya Unicomb, Leanne Luby, Stephen P. Colford, John M., Jr. Animal Feces Contribute to Domestic Fecal Contamination : Evidence from E. coli Measured in Water, Hands, Food, Flies, and Soil in Bangladesh
geographic_facet	South Asia Bangladesh
description	Fecal-oral pathogens are transmitted through complex, environmentally mediated pathways. Sanitation interventions that isolate human feces from the environment may reduce transmission but have shown limited impact on environmental contamination. We conducted a study in rural Bangladesh to (1) quantify domestic fecal contamination in settings with high on-site sanitation coverage; (2) determine how domestic animals affect fecal contamination; and (3) assess how each environmental pathway affects others. We collected water, hand rinse, food, soil, and fly samples from 608 households. We analyzed samples with IDEXX Quantitray for the most probable number (MPN) of E. coli. We detected E. coli in source water (25%), stored water (77%), child hands (43%), food (58%), flies (50%), ponds (97%), and soil (95%). Soil had >120 000 mean MPN E. coli per gram. In compounds with vs without animals, E. coli was higher by 0.54 log10 in soil, 0.40 log10 in stored water and 0.61 log10 in food (p < 0.05). E. coli in stored water and food increased with increasing E. coli in soil, ponds, source water and hands. We provide empirical evidence of fecal transmission in the domestic environment despite on-site sanitation. Animal feces contribute to fecal contamination, and fecal indicator bacteria do not strictly indicate human fecal contamination when animals are present.
format	Journal Article
author	Ercumen, Ayse Pickering, Amy J. Kwong, Laura H. Arnold, Benjamin F. Parvez, Sarker Masud Alam, Mahfuja Sen, Debashis Islam, Sharmin Kullmann, Craig Chase, Claire Ahmed, Rokeya Unicomb, Leanne Luby, Stephen P. Colford, John M., Jr.
author_facet	Ercumen, Ayse Pickering, Amy J. Kwong, Laura H. Arnold, Benjamin F. Parvez, Sarker Masud Alam, Mahfuja Sen, Debashis Islam, Sharmin Kullmann, Craig Chase, Claire Ahmed, Rokeya Unicomb, Leanne Luby, Stephen P. Colford, John M., Jr.
author_sort	Ercumen, Ayse
title	Animal Feces Contribute to Domestic Fecal Contamination : Evidence from E. coli Measured in Water, Hands, Food, Flies, and Soil in Bangladesh
title_short	Animal Feces Contribute to Domestic Fecal Contamination : Evidence from E. coli Measured in Water, Hands, Food, Flies, and Soil in Bangladesh
title_full	Animal Feces Contribute to Domestic Fecal Contamination : Evidence from E. coli Measured in Water, Hands, Food, Flies, and Soil in Bangladesh
title_fullStr	Animal Feces Contribute to Domestic Fecal Contamination : Evidence from E. coli Measured in Water, Hands, Food, Flies, and Soil in Bangladesh
title_full_unstemmed	Animal Feces Contribute to Domestic Fecal Contamination : Evidence from E. coli Measured in Water, Hands, Food, Flies, and Soil in Bangladesh
title_sort	animal feces contribute to domestic fecal contamination : evidence from e. coli measured in water, hands, food, flies, and soil in bangladesh
publisher	American Chemical Society
publishDate	2019
url	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/31369
_version_	1764474171209809920

Animal Feces Contribute to Domestic Fecal Contamination : Evidence from E. coli Measured in Water, Hands, Food, Flies, and Soil in Bangladesh

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