Accessibility Across Transport Modes and Residential Developments in Nairobi

A key goal of urban transportation planning is to provide people with access to a greater number of opportunities for interaction with people and places. Measures of accessibility are gaining attention globally for use in planning, yet few studies measure accessibility in cities in low-income countr...

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Main Authors:	Campbell, Kayleigh B., Rising, James A., Klopp, Jacqueline M., Mbilo, Jacinta Mwikali
Format:	Journal Article
Published:	Elsevier 2018
Subjects:	ACCESSIBILITY TRANSIT PARATRANSIT SEMI-FORMAL TRANSIT TRANSPORT POLICY TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
Online Access:	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/30888

id	okr-10986-30888
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-308882021-05-25T10:54:34Z Accessibility Across Transport Modes and Residential Developments in Nairobi Campbell, Kayleigh B. Rising, James A. Klopp, Jacqueline M. Mbilo, Jacinta Mwikali ACCESSIBILITY TRANSIT PARATRANSIT SEMI-FORMAL TRANSIT TRANSPORT POLICY TRANSPORTATION PLANNING A key goal of urban transportation planning is to provide people with access to a greater number of opportunities for interaction with people and places. Measures of accessibility are gaining attention globally for use in planning, yet few studies measure accessibility in cities in low-income countries, and even fewer incorporate semi-formal bus systems, also called paratransit. Drawing on rich datasets available for Nairobi, Kenya this analysis quantifies place-based accessibility for walking, paratransit, and driving using three different measures: a mobility measure quantifying how many other locations in Nairobi can be reached in 60 min, a contour measure quantifying the number of health facilities that can be reached in 60 min, and a gravity measure quantifying the number of health facilities weighted by a time-decay function. Health facilities are used because they are an essential service that people need physical access to and as a representation of the spatial distribution of activities more broadly. The findings show that place-based accessibility is highest for driving, then paratransit, then walking, and that there are high levels of access to health facilities near the Central Business District (CBD) for all modes. Additionally, paratransit accessibility is comparatively better in the contour and gravity measures, which may mean that paratransit is efficiently providing access based on the spatial distribution of services. The contour measure results are also compared across different residential levels, which are grouped based on neighborhood characteristics and ordered by income. Counterintuitively, the wealthiest areas have very low levels of place-based accessibility for all modes, while poor areas have comparatively better walking access to health facilities. Interestingly, the medium low residential level, characterized in part by tenement apartment buildings, has significantly higher accessibility than other residential types. One way to reduce inequality in access across income groups is to increase spatial accessibility for the modes used by low- and middle-income households, for example with policies that prioritize public transport and non-motorized travel, integrate paratransit with land use development, and provide safe, efficient, and affordable options. 2018-11-27T17:13:50Z 2018-11-27T17:13:50Z 2019-01 Journal Article Journal of Transport Geography http://hdl.handle.net/10986/30888 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 World Bank Elsevier Publications & Research :: Journal Article Publications & Research Africa Kenya
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
topic	ACCESSIBILITY TRANSIT PARATRANSIT SEMI-FORMAL TRANSIT TRANSPORT POLICY TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
spellingShingle	ACCESSIBILITY TRANSIT PARATRANSIT SEMI-FORMAL TRANSIT TRANSPORT POLICY TRANSPORTATION PLANNING Campbell, Kayleigh B. Rising, James A. Klopp, Jacqueline M. Mbilo, Jacinta Mwikali Accessibility Across Transport Modes and Residential Developments in Nairobi
geographic_facet	Africa Kenya
description	A key goal of urban transportation planning is to provide people with access to a greater number of opportunities for interaction with people and places. Measures of accessibility are gaining attention globally for use in planning, yet few studies measure accessibility in cities in low-income countries, and even fewer incorporate semi-formal bus systems, also called paratransit. Drawing on rich datasets available for Nairobi, Kenya this analysis quantifies place-based accessibility for walking, paratransit, and driving using three different measures: a mobility measure quantifying how many other locations in Nairobi can be reached in 60 min, a contour measure quantifying the number of health facilities that can be reached in 60 min, and a gravity measure quantifying the number of health facilities weighted by a time-decay function. Health facilities are used because they are an essential service that people need physical access to and as a representation of the spatial distribution of activities more broadly. The findings show that place-based accessibility is highest for driving, then paratransit, then walking, and that there are high levels of access to health facilities near the Central Business District (CBD) for all modes. Additionally, paratransit accessibility is comparatively better in the contour and gravity measures, which may mean that paratransit is efficiently providing access based on the spatial distribution of services. The contour measure results are also compared across different residential levels, which are grouped based on neighborhood characteristics and ordered by income. Counterintuitively, the wealthiest areas have very low levels of place-based accessibility for all modes, while poor areas have comparatively better walking access to health facilities. Interestingly, the medium low residential level, characterized in part by tenement apartment buildings, has significantly higher accessibility than other residential types. One way to reduce inequality in access across income groups is to increase spatial accessibility for the modes used by low- and middle-income households, for example with policies that prioritize public transport and non-motorized travel, integrate paratransit with land use development, and provide safe, efficient, and affordable options.
format	Journal Article
author	Campbell, Kayleigh B. Rising, James A. Klopp, Jacqueline M. Mbilo, Jacinta Mwikali
author_facet	Campbell, Kayleigh B. Rising, James A. Klopp, Jacqueline M. Mbilo, Jacinta Mwikali
author_sort	Campbell, Kayleigh B.
title	Accessibility Across Transport Modes and Residential Developments in Nairobi
title_short	Accessibility Across Transport Modes and Residential Developments in Nairobi
title_full	Accessibility Across Transport Modes and Residential Developments in Nairobi
title_fullStr	Accessibility Across Transport Modes and Residential Developments in Nairobi
title_full_unstemmed	Accessibility Across Transport Modes and Residential Developments in Nairobi
title_sort	accessibility across transport modes and residential developments in nairobi
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2018
url	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/30888
_version_	1764473217694564352

Accessibility Across Transport Modes and Residential Developments in Nairobi

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