When Water Becomes a Hazard : A Diagnostic Report on The State of Water Supply, Sanitation, and Poverty in Pakistan and Its Impact on Child Stunting

Despite a substantial decline in poverty, an increase in access to water and sanitation and a large decline in open defecation, diarrhea and stunting rates in Pakistan show few signs of a decline. This report provides evidence that the policy focus...

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Main Author:	World Bank
Format:	Report
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2018
Subjects:	WATER SUPPLY WATER AND SANITATION POVERTY OPEN DEFACATION ENVIRONMENTAL ENTEROPATHY ACCESS TO WATER INEQUALITY STUNTING GOVERNANCE INSTITUTIONS SERVICE DELIVERY PUNJAB SINDH PUBLIC SPENDING WATER QUALITY
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/649341541535842288/When-Water-Becomes-a-Hazard-A-Diagnostic-Report-on-The-State-of-Water-Supply-Sanitation-and-Poverty-in-Pakistan-and-Its-Impact-on-Child-Stunting http://hdl.handle.net/10986/30799

id	okr-10986-30799
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-307992021-05-25T09:19:27Z When Water Becomes a Hazard : A Diagnostic Report on The State of Water Supply, Sanitation, and Poverty in Pakistan and Its Impact on Child Stunting World Bank WATER SUPPLY WATER AND SANITATION POVERTY OPEN DEFACATION ENVIRONMENTAL ENTEROPATHY ACCESS TO WATER INEQUALITY STUNTING GOVERNANCE INSTITUTIONS SERVICE DELIVERY PUNJAB SINDH PUBLIC SPENDING WATER QUALITY Despite a substantial decline in poverty, an increase in access to water and sanitation and a large decline in open defecation, diarrhea and stunting rates in Pakistan show few signs of a decline. This report provides evidence that the policy focus on eliminating open defecation rather than the safe management of fecal waste has been largely responsible for this. Water tests reveal shockingly high rates of E. coli contamination in both surface and ground water. To make matters worse, few households practice water treatment and untreated waste water is routinely mixed with surface and ground water for use in crop irrigation. This multiplies the channels through which the oral transmission of fecal bacteria can occur and creates strong downstream effects through food supplies headed to urban centers. Unsurprisingly, rates of diarrhea have remained stubbornly high even among the wealthiest households in metropolitan cities like Karachi. While the impact of of E. coli on diarrhea is well known, new research is showing the far more damaging impact of environmental enteropathy, a process by which fecal pathogens like E. coli can permanently damage the intestinal villi of young children making it difficult to absorb nutrients, even during periods when the child shows no signs of diarrhea. The report urges urgent action on safe sanitation and the treatment of water to combat this health crisis. 2018-11-08T18:32:10Z 2018-11-08T18:32:10Z 2018-11-06 Report http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/649341541535842288/When-Water-Becomes-a-Hazard-A-Diagnostic-Report-on-The-State-of-Water-Supply-Sanitation-and-Poverty-in-Pakistan-and-Its-Impact-on-Child-Stunting http://hdl.handle.net/10986/30799 English WASH Poverty Diagnostic Series; CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work :: Other Poverty Study Economic & Sector Work South Asia Pakistan
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	WATER SUPPLY WATER AND SANITATION POVERTY OPEN DEFACATION ENVIRONMENTAL ENTEROPATHY ACCESS TO WATER INEQUALITY STUNTING GOVERNANCE INSTITUTIONS SERVICE DELIVERY PUNJAB SINDH PUBLIC SPENDING WATER QUALITY
spellingShingle	WATER SUPPLY WATER AND SANITATION POVERTY OPEN DEFACATION ENVIRONMENTAL ENTEROPATHY ACCESS TO WATER INEQUALITY STUNTING GOVERNANCE INSTITUTIONS SERVICE DELIVERY PUNJAB SINDH PUBLIC SPENDING WATER QUALITY World Bank When Water Becomes a Hazard : A Diagnostic Report on The State of Water Supply, Sanitation, and Poverty in Pakistan and Its Impact on Child Stunting
geographic_facet	South Asia Pakistan
relation	WASH Poverty Diagnostic Series;
description	Despite a substantial decline in poverty, an increase in access to water and sanitation and a large decline in open defecation, diarrhea and stunting rates in Pakistan show few signs of a decline. This report provides evidence that the policy focus on eliminating open defecation rather than the safe management of fecal waste has been largely responsible for this. Water tests reveal shockingly high rates of E. coli contamination in both surface and ground water. To make matters worse, few households practice water treatment and untreated waste water is routinely mixed with surface and ground water for use in crop irrigation. This multiplies the channels through which the oral transmission of fecal bacteria can occur and creates strong downstream effects through food supplies headed to urban centers. Unsurprisingly, rates of diarrhea have remained stubbornly high even among the wealthiest households in metropolitan cities like Karachi. While the impact of of E. coli on diarrhea is well known, new research is showing the far more damaging impact of environmental enteropathy, a process by which fecal pathogens like E. coli can permanently damage the intestinal villi of young children making it difficult to absorb nutrients, even during periods when the child shows no signs of diarrhea. The report urges urgent action on safe sanitation and the treatment of water to combat this health crisis.
format	Report
author	World Bank
author_facet	World Bank
author_sort	World Bank
title	When Water Becomes a Hazard : A Diagnostic Report on The State of Water Supply, Sanitation, and Poverty in Pakistan and Its Impact on Child Stunting
title_short	When Water Becomes a Hazard : A Diagnostic Report on The State of Water Supply, Sanitation, and Poverty in Pakistan and Its Impact on Child Stunting
title_full	When Water Becomes a Hazard : A Diagnostic Report on The State of Water Supply, Sanitation, and Poverty in Pakistan and Its Impact on Child Stunting
title_fullStr	When Water Becomes a Hazard : A Diagnostic Report on The State of Water Supply, Sanitation, and Poverty in Pakistan and Its Impact on Child Stunting
title_full_unstemmed	When Water Becomes a Hazard : A Diagnostic Report on The State of Water Supply, Sanitation, and Poverty in Pakistan and Its Impact on Child Stunting
title_sort	when water becomes a hazard : a diagnostic report on the state of water supply, sanitation, and poverty in pakistan and its impact on child stunting
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2018
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/649341541535842288/When-Water-Becomes-a-Hazard-A-Diagnostic-Report-on-The-State-of-Water-Supply-Sanitation-and-Poverty-in-Pakistan-and-Its-Impact-on-Child-Stunting http://hdl.handle.net/10986/30799
_version_	1764472915038830592

When Water Becomes a Hazard : A Diagnostic Report on The State of Water Supply, Sanitation, and Poverty in Pakistan and Its Impact on Child Stunting

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