Lesotho - HIV Prevention Response and Modes of Transmission Analysis

Lesotho - HIV Prevention Response and Modes of Transmission Analysis

The purpose of this modes of transmission (MoT) study is 'to contribute to the ongoing efforts to understand the epidemic and response in Lesotho and thus help the country improve the scope (doing the right kind of activities), relevance (with...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	World Bank
Format:	Other Health Study
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank 2012
Subjects:	ACCESS TO TREATMENT ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME ADOLESCENT HEALTH ADULT MORTALITY ADULT POPULATION AGE GROUPS AGED AIDS DEATHS AIDS RELIEF AIDS SPENDING ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE ANTENATAL CARE BABIES BASIC NEEDS BEHAVIOUR CHANGE BEHAVIOURAL FACTORS BIOLOGICAL MEASURES BLOOD PRODUCTS BLOOD SAFETY BLOOD TRANSFUSION BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS BOTH SEXES CAPACITY BUILDING CHILD-BEARING CIRCUMCISION CIVIL RIGHTS CLINICS COMMERCIAL SEX CONDOM CONDOM DISTRIBUTION CONDOM PROMOTION CONDOM USE CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE CONTRACEPTIVE USE COUNSELLING CULTURAL PRACTICES CYCLE OF POVERTY DEPENDENCY RATIOS DIAGNOSIS DISCRIMINATION DISSEMINATION DOMESTIC VIOLENCE EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY CHILDHOOD MORTALITY EMERGENCY PLAN ENFORCEMENT OF LAWS EPIDEMIC EPIDEMICS EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION EPIDEMIOLOGY ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS ETHNIC GROUP ETHNIC GROUPS EXTERNAL MIGRATION FAMILY LIFE EDUCATION FAMILY PLANNING FEMALE CONDOMS FEMALES FERTILITY FERTILITY RATES FEWER PEOPLE FIRST INTERCOURSE FIRST MARRIAGE FOOD SECURITY FORCED SEX GENDER ROLES GLOBAL AIDS EPIDEMIC GLOBAL HIV/AIDS GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT HEALTH CENTRES HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SERVICES HEALTHY LIFE HEPATITIS HIV HIV INFECTION HIV INFECTIONS HIV POSITIVE HIV PREVENTION HIV PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS HIV TESTING HIV TRANSMISSION HIV/AIDS HOSPITAL HOSPITALS HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS HUMAN RIGHTS ILLNESS IMMUNODEFICIENCY INCOME INEQUALITY INFANT INFANT FEEDING INFECTIONS AMONG ADULTS INFORMATION ON PREVENTION LACK OF KNOWLEDGE LEGAL SUPPORT LIFE EXPECTANCY LIVE BIRTHS MALARIA MALE INVOLVEMENT MARITAL RAPE MARITAL STATUS MARRIED COUPLES MARRIED MEN MARRIED WOMEN MASS MEDIA MEDICAL EQUIPMENT MIGRANT MIGRATION MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MINISTRY OF HEALTH MINORITY MORTALITY MORTALITY RATE MOTHER MOTHER-TO-CHILD MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION MULTIPLE PARTNERS NATIONAL AIDS NATIONAL AIDS COMMISSION NATIONAL CONSTITUTION NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL POLICIES NEONATAL MORTALITY NEW INFECTIONS NEWBORN NEWBORN INFANTS NUMBER OF NEW INFECTIONS NUMBER OF PEOPLE ORGAN TRANSPLANTS ORPHANS PARENTHOOD ASSOCIATION PARTNER REDUCTION PATHOGENS PATIENTS PLAN OF ACTION POLICY FRAMEWORK POLICY LEVEL POORER WOMEN POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION GROWTH RATE POST EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS POST-TEST COUNSELLING PREGNANT WOMEN PREVENTION ACTIVITIES PREVENTION COUNSELLING PREVENTION EFFORTS PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS PREVENTION STRATEGIES PROGRESS PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT QUALITATIVE INFORMATION QUALITY SERVICES RECREATION REFERRAL SYSTEM REMITTANCES REPRODUCTIVE CHOICES REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESOURCE MOBILIZATION RISK FACTORS RISK OF EXPOSURE RISK OF INFECTION RISK OF TRANSMISSION RURAL AREAS RURAL RESIDENCE SAFER SEX SCHOOL YOUTH SEA LEVEL SELF-ESTEEM SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE PROVIDERS SEX SEX EDUCATION SEX WITH MEN SEX WORK SEX WORKER SEX WORKERS SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR SEXUAL BEHAVIOURS SEXUAL INTERCOURSE SEXUAL PARTNER SEXUAL PARTNERS SEXUAL PRACTICES SEXUAL RELATIONSHIPS SEXUAL RISK SEXUAL VIOLENCE SEXUALLY ACTIVE SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTION SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS SKILLS EDUCATION SOCIAL CHANGE SOCIAL MARKETING SOCIAL MOBILIZATION SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL WELFARE SOIL EROSION SPOUSE STIS SYPHILIS SYRINGES THERAPY TRADITIONAL HEALERS TRANSMISSION RATES TREATMENT TREATMENT SERVICES TUBERCULOSIS UNAIDS UNFPA UNINTENDED PREGNANCIES UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND UNIVERSAL ACCESS UNPROTECTED SEX URBAN AREAS URBANIZATION VOLUNTARY COUNSELLING VULNERABILITY VULNERABLE GROUPS VULNERABLE POPULATIONS WOMEN WITH EDUCATION WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333038_20090525032303 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3045

Description
Summary:	The purpose of this modes of transmission (MoT) study is 'to contribute to the ongoing efforts to understand the epidemic and response in Lesotho and thus help the country improve the scope (doing the right kind of activities), relevance (with the right populations), and comprehensiveness (reaching all members of target populations) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevention efforts'. The process for the Know Your Epidemic (KYE) was an in-depth review of available epidemiological data from Lesotho and the sub-region, and application of the UNAIDS incidence estimation model. The aim was to determine the epidemiology of new (incident) infections. For the Know Your Response (KYR) part, data were collected on the policy context for prevention and on implemented prevention activities and programs. Prevention-specific data from the National AIDS Spending Assessment (NASA) of 2008 and previous two years were reviewed. In a final step, the KYE and KYR evidence was linked to produce an epidemic, response and policy synthesis with recommendations to improve HIV prevention in Lesotho through aligning prevention activities with the evidence on the sources of new infections. The study examined the hypothesis that multiple longer-term partnerships between single young people as well as between married or cohabiting adults are the major driver of HIV transmission, happening in a context of relaxed social norms regarding multiple partners and low risk perception. The findings confirmed this hypothesis -- sexual concurrency is exceptionally high in Lesotho; multiple sexual relationships before and during marriage, together with low levels of full male circumcision are major risk factors in Lesotho's hyper endemic HIV situation.

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