More Than Schooling : Understanding Gender Differences in the Labor Market When Measures of Skill Are Available
This paper uses measures of cognitive and noncognitive skills in an expanded definition of human capital to examine how schooling and skills differ between men and women and how those differences relate to gender gaps in earnings across nine middle...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
World Bank, Washington, DC
2018
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/356091537360897955/More-Than-Schooling-Understanding-Gender-Differences-in-the-Labor-Market-When-Measures-of-Skill-Are-Available http://hdl.handle.net/10986/30441 |
| Summary: | This paper uses measures of cognitive
and noncognitive skills in an expanded definition of human
capital to examine how schooling and skills differ between
men and women and how those differences relate to gender
gaps in earnings across nine middle-income countries. The
analysis finds that post-secondary schooling and cognitive
skills are more important for women's earnings at the
lower end and middle of the earnings distribution, and that
men and women have positive returns to openness to new
experiences and risk-taking behavior and negative returns to
hostile attribution bias. Especially at the lower end of the
earnings distribution, women are disadvantaged not so much
by having lower human capital than men, but by institutional
factors such as wage structures that reward women's
human capital systematically less than men's. |
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