China - From Poor Areas to Poor People : China’s Evolving Poverty Reduction Agenda - An Assessment of Poverty and Inequality in China

China - From Poor Areas to Poor People : China’s Evolving Poverty Reduction Agenda - An Assessment of Poverty and Inequality in China

China's progress in poverty reduction over the last 25 years is enviable. One cannot fail to be impressed by what this vast nation of 1.3 billion people has achieved in so little time. In terms of a wide range of indicators, the progress has b...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	World Bank
Format:	Poverty Assessment
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank 2012
Subjects:	ABSOLUTE TERMS AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT AGRICULTURAL INCOMES AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES AVERAGE INCIDENCE OF POVERTY BASIC EDUCATION BASIC HEALTH BASIC HEALTHCARE BASIC NEEDS BASIC SOCIAL SERVICES CAPITA INCOMES CHANGES IN POVERTY CHRONIC POVERTY COMPULSORY EDUCATION CONCENTRATION OF LAND CONSUMPTION POVERTY CROSS-COUNTRY PERSPECTIVE CURRENT POVERTY DECLINE IN POVERTY DETERMINANTS OF POVERTY DEVELOPING WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS DISCRIMINATION DISTRIBUTION OF LAND DIVERSIFICATION ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC REFORMS ECONOMICS EDUCATED WORKERS EDUCATION LEVEL EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EGALITARIAN DISTRIBUTION ELDERLY EMPLOYMENT STATUS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION EXTERNAL TRADE EXTREME POVERTY FAMILY MEMBERS FARM EMPLOYMENT FARM INCOME FARM INCOMES FARMERS FOOD NEEDS FOOD POVERTY FORM OF POVERTY GENDER GAP GROWTH RATE HEADCOUNT RATIO HEALTH BUDGET HEALTH EXPENDITURES HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH INSURANCE HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD PER CAPITA INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL ENDOWMENTS HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME INCOME GAP INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVELS INCOME POVERTY INCOME SHOCKS INCOME SUPPORT INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRIAL SECTOR INEQUALITY INEQUITIES INFANT INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT INSURANCE INTERNAL MIGRATION LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LAND RIGHTS LARGE CITIES LEVEL OF EDUCATION LITERACY RATES LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOW POVERTY RATE MEAN INCOMES MEANS TESTING MIGRANT MIGRANT WORKERS MIGRATION MIGRATION FLOWS MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MINISTRY OF HEALTH MINORITY MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE NATIONAL POVERTY NATURAL DISASTERS NUMBER OF PEOPLE OLD AGE PENSIONS PER CAPITA INCOMES PER-CAPITA INCOME POLICY DEVELOPMENT POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY ISSUES POOR POOR AREAS POOR COUNTIES POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR LIVING POOR PEOPLE POOR POPULATION POOR VILLAGES POORER AREAS POTENTIAL MIGRANTS POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ASSESSMENT POVERTY ASSESSMENT TEAM POVERTY DATA POVERTY ESTIMATES POVERTY GAP POVERTY HEADCOUNT RATE POVERTY HEADCOUNT RATES POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY REDUCTION EFFORTS POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAM POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAMS POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY POVERTY SITUATION POVERTY STATUS POVERTY THRESHOLD PRIMARY SCHOOL PRO-POOR PROGRESS PUBLIC EXPENDITURES PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SERVICES PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY RAPID GROWTH REDUCED POVERTY REDUCING POVERTY REDUCTION IN POVERTY REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION RELATIVE RISK OF POVERTY RESPECT RISK MANAGEMENT RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COUNTIES RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL HEALTH RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL INCOME RURAL INCOMES RURAL LABOR RURAL MIGRANTS RURAL POOR RURAL POPULATION RURAL POVERTY RURAL POVERTY REDUCTION RURAL PRICES RURAL RESIDENTS RURAL WORKERS SAFETY NET SAVINGS SCHOOLING SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY ENROLMENTS SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL EDUCATION SERVICE DELIVERY SEX SEX RATIO SHORT-TERM TRAINING SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL INSURANCE PROGRAMS SOCIAL POLICIES SOCIAL POLICY SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIAL SCIENCES SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL WELFARE SQUARED POVERTY GAP STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES SUBSISTENCE SURVIVAL RATE TARGETING UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES URBAN AREAS URBAN BIAS URBAN MIGRATION URBAN POPULATION URBAN POVERTY URBAN WORKERS USER FEES VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT VULNERABILITY VULNERABILITY TO POVERTY VULNERABLE GROUPS YOUNG ADULTS
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000334955_20090408062432 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3031

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Summary:	China's progress in poverty reduction over the last 25 years is enviable. One cannot fail to be impressed by what this vast nation of 1.3 billion people has achieved in so little time. In terms of a wide range of indicators, the progress has been remarkable. Poverty in terms of income and consumption has been dramatically reduced. Progress has also been substantial in terms of human development indicators. Most of the millennium development goals have either already been achieved or the country is well on the way to achieving them. As a result of this progress, the country is now at a very different stage of development than it was at the dawn of the economic reforms at the beginning of the 1980s. China's poverty reduction performance has been even more striking. Between 1981 and 2004, the fraction of the population consuming below this poverty line fell from 65 percent to 10 percent, and the absolute number of poor fell from 652 million to 135 million, a decline of over half a billion people. The most rapid declines in poverty, in both the poverty rate and the number of poor, occurred during the 6th, 8th, and 10th plans. During the 7th plan period the number of poor actually rose, while in the 9th plan period, the poverty rate declined only marginally. But the pace of poverty reduction resumed between 2001 and 2004 and there are indications that during the first couple of years of the 11th plan poverty has continued to decline rapidly. The most recent official estimate of rural poverty in China for 2007 puts the number of poor at 14.79 million, or less than 2 percent of the rural population. While there is no official urban poverty line, estimates by others have found poverty levels in urban areas to be negligible using an urban poverty line that is comparable to the official poverty line for rural areas. These estimates thus suggest that only about 1 percent of China's population is currently in extreme poverty. Notwithstanding this tremendous success, the central thesis of this report is that the task of poverty reduction in many ways continues and in some respects has become more demanding.

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