Gender in South Africa
Despite strong representation in national politics and their higher levels of enrollment in secondary and higher education, South African women face numerous constraints that prevent them from fully contributing to poverty reduction and shared pros...
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| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2018
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/206711529305148222/Gender-in-South-Africa-background-note-for-the-South-Africa-systematic-country-diagnostic http://hdl.handle.net/10986/30025 |
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okr-10986-300252021-05-25T09:15:32Z Gender in South Africa Kirkwood, Daniel GENDER HUMAN DEVELOPMENT SECONDARY EDUCATION PRIMARY EDUCATION DROPOUT RATE GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE EMPOWERMENT FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ACCESS TO FINANCE Despite strong representation in national politics and their higher levels of enrollment in secondary and higher education, South African women face numerous constraints that prevent them from fully contributing to poverty reduction and shared prosperity. Many of these constraints are underpinned by social norms that cause women to: have less time for productive activities; avoid science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subjects in their formal education; enter lower paid jobs and sectors; accept the use of violence (including by their male spouses and partners); have less access to productive assets. These norms, while seen across many countries around the world, were not formed in a vacuum. Thus, it is important to recognize the role that specific factors in the history of South Africa have played in the development and entrenchment of certain social norms and practices. The legacy of exclusion emanating from colonialism and apartheid disrupted family structures, aiding transactional sex and the spread of human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV and AIDS), and leaving children vulnerable to abuse and without male role models. Similarly, apartheid was characterized by the creation of a large low skilled population, and the legacy of this can still be seen with poorer access to health, education, and economic opportunities among the African and colored population. Evidence suggests that the frustrations that young men feel as a result of not being able to meet commonly held expectations of manhood (such as providing for a family) may result in high rates of crime and gender-based violence. This note reviews available research on gender in South Africa for the South Africa systematic country diagnostic. 2018-07-17T19:24:23Z 2018-07-17T19:24:23Z 2018-06 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/206711529305148222/Gender-in-South-Africa-background-note-for-the-South-Africa-systematic-country-diagnostic http://hdl.handle.net/10986/30025 English CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Working Paper Africa South Africa |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
GENDER HUMAN DEVELOPMENT SECONDARY EDUCATION PRIMARY EDUCATION DROPOUT RATE GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE EMPOWERMENT FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ACCESS TO FINANCE |
| spellingShingle |
GENDER HUMAN DEVELOPMENT SECONDARY EDUCATION PRIMARY EDUCATION DROPOUT RATE GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE EMPOWERMENT FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ACCESS TO FINANCE Kirkwood, Daniel Gender in South Africa |
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Africa South Africa |
| description |
Despite strong representation in
national politics and their higher levels of enrollment in
secondary and higher education, South African women face
numerous constraints that prevent them from fully
contributing to poverty reduction and shared prosperity.
Many of these constraints are underpinned by social norms
that cause women to: have less time for productive
activities; avoid science, technology, engineering, and
mathematics (STEM) subjects in their formal education; enter
lower paid jobs and sectors; accept the use of violence
(including by their male spouses and partners); have less
access to productive assets. These norms, while seen across
many countries around the world, were not formed in a
vacuum. Thus, it is important to recognize the role that
specific factors in the history of South Africa have played
in the development and entrenchment of certain social norms
and practices. The legacy of exclusion emanating from
colonialism and apartheid disrupted family structures,
aiding transactional sex and the spread of human
immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (HIV and AIDS), and leaving children vulnerable to
abuse and without male role models. Similarly, apartheid was
characterized by the creation of a large low skilled
population, and the legacy of this can still be seen with
poorer access to health, education, and economic
opportunities among the African and colored population.
Evidence suggests that the frustrations that young men feel
as a result of not being able to meet commonly held
expectations of manhood (such as providing for a family) may
result in high rates of crime and gender-based violence.
This note reviews available research on gender in South
Africa for the South Africa systematic country diagnostic. |
| format |
Working Paper |
| author |
Kirkwood, Daniel |
| author_facet |
Kirkwood, Daniel |
| author_sort |
Kirkwood, Daniel |
| title |
Gender in South Africa |
| title_short |
Gender in South Africa |
| title_full |
Gender in South Africa |
| title_fullStr |
Gender in South Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Gender in South Africa |
| title_sort |
gender in south africa |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2018 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/206711529305148222/Gender-in-South-Africa-background-note-for-the-South-Africa-systematic-country-diagnostic http://hdl.handle.net/10986/30025 |
| _version_ |
1764470915013279744 |