Overview and Meta-Analysis of Global Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Impact Evaluations
This paper presents an overview and meta-analysis of the effects of water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions around the world. It is based on 136 impact evaluations (randomized and quasi-experimental studies) that explore the effects of water,...
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2018
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/480101526411604321/Overview-and-meta-analysis-of-global-water-sanitation-and-hygiene-WASH-impact-evaluations http://hdl.handle.net/10986/29856 |
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okr-10986-298562021-06-08T14:42:46Z Overview and Meta-Analysis of Global Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Impact Evaluations Andres, Luis Borja-Vega, Christian Fenwick, Crystal de Jesus Filho, Jaime Gomez-Suarez, Ronald META ANALYSIS WATER AND SANITATION HYGIENE IMPACT EVALUATION ABSENTEEISM DROPOUT RATE This paper presents an overview and meta-analysis of the effects of water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions around the world. It is based on 136 impact evaluations (randomized and quasi-experimental studies) that explore the effects of water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions on health and non-health outcomes, ranging from behavior change -- such as the adoption of water treatment -- to school attendance rates, to a reduction in diarrhea. The selected impact evaluations were divided into five groups, and meta-regressions with fixed effects (at the regional level) and random effects were performed, controlling for each study's characteristics (implementing organization, sample sizes, type of publication, number of publication views, and so forth). All results are reported as changes in odds ratios, with respect to the standard deviation of reported effects. Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions were found to increase the likelihood of behavior changes and the adoption of new hygiene practices by 17 percent. The smallest effects were observed from water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions aimed at reducing the rates of child mortality and non-diarrheal disease. Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions implemented in schools showed statistically significant results in reducing school absenteeism and dropouts. Similarly, the results showed a statistically significant aggregate likelihood of increased access to safe water and improved water quality, as well as increased water treatment options -- a difference of one-fifth with respect to the standard deviation of the average effect size reported. Finally, the results showed that water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions reduced the likelihood of the incidence of diarrheal and enteric disease by 13 percent, which is consistent with findings in other meta-analyses of the same subject. 2018-05-23T19:25:14Z 2018-05-23T19:25:14Z 2018-05 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/480101526411604321/Overview-and-meta-analysis-of-global-water-sanitation-and-hygiene-WASH-impact-evaluations http://hdl.handle.net/10986/29856 English Policy Research Working Paper;No. 8444 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
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Digital Repository |
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World Bank |
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English |
| topic |
META ANALYSIS WATER AND SANITATION HYGIENE IMPACT EVALUATION ABSENTEEISM DROPOUT RATE |
| spellingShingle |
META ANALYSIS WATER AND SANITATION HYGIENE IMPACT EVALUATION ABSENTEEISM DROPOUT RATE Andres, Luis Borja-Vega, Christian Fenwick, Crystal de Jesus Filho, Jaime Gomez-Suarez, Ronald Overview and Meta-Analysis of Global Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Impact Evaluations |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper;No. 8444 |
| description |
This paper presents an overview and
meta-analysis of the effects of water, sanitation, and
hygiene interventions around the world. It is based on 136
impact evaluations (randomized and quasi-experimental
studies) that explore the effects of water, sanitation, and
hygiene interventions on health and non-health outcomes,
ranging from behavior change -- such as the adoption of
water treatment -- to school attendance rates, to a
reduction in diarrhea. The selected impact evaluations were
divided into five groups, and meta-regressions with fixed
effects (at the regional level) and random effects were
performed, controlling for each study's characteristics
(implementing organization, sample sizes, type of
publication, number of publication views, and so forth). All
results are reported as changes in odds ratios, with respect
to the standard deviation of reported effects. Water,
sanitation, and hygiene interventions were found to increase
the likelihood of behavior changes and the adoption of new
hygiene practices by 17 percent. The smallest effects were
observed from water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions
aimed at reducing the rates of child mortality and
non-diarrheal disease. Water, sanitation, and hygiene
interventions implemented in schools showed statistically
significant results in reducing school absenteeism and
dropouts. Similarly, the results showed a statistically
significant aggregate likelihood of increased access to safe
water and improved water quality, as well as increased water
treatment options -- a difference of one-fifth with respect
to the standard deviation of the average effect size
reported. Finally, the results showed that water,
sanitation, and hygiene interventions reduced the likelihood
of the incidence of diarrheal and enteric disease by 13
percent, which is consistent with findings in other
meta-analyses of the same subject. |
| format |
Working Paper |
| author |
Andres, Luis Borja-Vega, Christian Fenwick, Crystal de Jesus Filho, Jaime Gomez-Suarez, Ronald |
| author_facet |
Andres, Luis Borja-Vega, Christian Fenwick, Crystal de Jesus Filho, Jaime Gomez-Suarez, Ronald |
| author_sort |
Andres, Luis |
| title |
Overview and Meta-Analysis of Global Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Impact Evaluations |
| title_short |
Overview and Meta-Analysis of Global Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Impact Evaluations |
| title_full |
Overview and Meta-Analysis of Global Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Impact Evaluations |
| title_fullStr |
Overview and Meta-Analysis of Global Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Impact Evaluations |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Overview and Meta-Analysis of Global Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Impact Evaluations |
| title_sort |
overview and meta-analysis of global water, sanitation, and hygiene impact evaluations |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2018 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/480101526411604321/Overview-and-meta-analysis-of-global-water-sanitation-and-hygiene-WASH-impact-evaluations http://hdl.handle.net/10986/29856 |
| _version_ |
1764470561042333696 |