Climate Change and Economic Policies in APEC Economies : Synthesis Report

Climate Change and Economic Policies in APEC Economies : Synthesis Report

Drawing on several studies on APEC economies, this report discusses economic policy choices for mitigating and adapting to climate change effects. It highlights that APEC economies will have a central role in both sides of climate change. These e...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	World Bank
Format:	Other Environmental Study
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank 2012
Subjects:	ABSOLUTE EMISSIONS ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE AIR AIR POLLUTION AIR TEMPERATURE ALLOCATION ALLOWANCE ANNUAL COST APPROACH ATMOSPHERE BIOMASS BUSINESS AS USUAL SCENARIO CAPITAL COSTS CARBON CARBON CAPTURE CARBON CONTENT CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON INTENSITY CARBON LEAKAGE CARBON MARKET CARBON MARKETS CARBON PRICE CARBON PRICES CARBON TAX CARBON TECHNOLOGIES CARBONIZATION CATASTROPHIC IMPACTS CLEAN COAL CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY CLEAN ENERGY CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION CLIMATE CHANGE POLICIES CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS CLIMATE CHANGES CLIMATE POLICY CLIMATE SYSTEM CLIMATE-CHANGE CLIMATE-CHANGE MITIGATION CO CO2 COAL CONVERGENCE COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS COST-BENEFIT COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS COST-BENEFIT FRAMEWORK COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS DAMAGES DEFORESTATION RATE DEGREE DAYS DISCOUNT RATE DISTRICT HEATING DIVERGENCE DOMESTIC SOURCES DRIVERS OF DEFORESTATION DROUGHT ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC BENEFITS ECONOMIC COSTS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC IMPACT ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE ECONOMIC POLICIES ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY DISPATCH ELECTRICITY GENERATION ELECTRICITY GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES ELECTRICITY GROWTH ELECTRICITY PRICES ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION ELECTRICITY SECTOR ELECTRICITY SUPPLY EMISSION EMISSION REDUCTION EMISSION REDUCTION TARGETS EMISSION REDUCTIONS EMISSIONS EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION EMISSIONS GROWTH EMISSIONS INTENSITIES EMISSIONS INTENSITY EMISSIONS INVENTORIES EMISSIONS MITIGATION EMISSIONS REDUCTION EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS EMISSIONS TARGETS ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY INTENSITY ENERGY PRICE ENERGY PRICES ENERGY SECURITY ENERGY SUBSIDIES ENERGY USE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION EXPLOSIVE EXTREME CLIMATE EVENTS EXTREME WEATHER EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS FEASIBILITY FERTILIZATION FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS FINANCIAL SECTOR FISCAL POLICIES FLOODS FLUORESCENT LAMP FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREST FOREST DEGRADATION FORESTRY FORESTRY SECTOR FOSSIL FUEL FOSSIL FUEL EMISSIONS FOSSIL FUEL USE FOSSIL FUELS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE FUEL PRICES FUELS GASIFICATION GASOLINE PRICES GHG GHGS GLACIERS GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE GLOBAL EMISSIONS GLOBAL EMISSIONS REDUCTION GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS GLOBAL WARMING GREEN HOUSE GASES GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION GREENHOUSE GASES GREENHOUSE-GAS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROWTH IN DEMAND HEAT HUMIDITY HURRICANE HURRICANES IMPORTS INCOME INCOME HOUSEHOLDS INSURANCE INVESTMENT DECISIONS IPCC KILOWATT-HOUR LAND-USE EMISSIONS LANDFILL LANDFILL GAS LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS LOW-CARBON LOWER COSTS MARGINAL ABATEMENT MARGINAL ABATEMENT COST MARGINAL COST MARGINAL UTILITY MARKET DISTORTIONS MARKET FAILURES METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS METHANE NATIONAL GRID NATURAL GAS NEGATIVE IMPACTS OCEANS OFFSET MITIGATION OIL OIL PRODUCTS PER CAPITA INCOME PERFORMANCE STANDARDS PETROLEUM POLICY MAKERS PORTFOLIO POWER GENERATION POWER SECTOR POWER STATIONS PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE PRECIPITATION PRESENT VALUE PRICE OF COAL PRICE POLICIES PRICE SIGNAL PRICE VOLATILITY PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS R&D FUNDING RAINFALL REGIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INITIATIVE RELATIVE PRICE RENEWABLE ENERGIES RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIES RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE RISKS FROM CLIMATE CHANGE RURAL ELECTRIFICATION SEQUESTRATION TECHNOLOGIES SMALL HYDROPOWER SOLAR POWER STORM SURGES STORMS SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE SUBSTITUTION SUPPLY SIDE SURFACE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TOTAL EMISSIONS TROPOSPHERE UNCERTAINTIES WEATHER CONDITIONS WIND WIND POWER
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333037_20101130235513 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2948

Description
Summary:	Drawing on several studies on APEC economies, this report discusses economic policy choices for mitigating and adapting to climate change effects. It highlights that APEC economies will have a central role in both sides of climate change. These economies include some of the largest emitters and also those among the most vulnerable to the impact of climate change. The report suggests that action on climate change will require a wide range of economic policy interventions, including most importantly fiscal policies. These will include setting carbon prices that cost emissions properly, liberalizing and strengthening markets so that prices and costs can be passed- through, offsetting other biases towards capital and emissions intensive economic growth and supporting technology based policies. On the adaptation side, the report emphasizes the importance of fiscal policy and investment choice tools that incorporate the uncertainty surrounding the nature and location of climate change effects. The report discusses how emissions reduction through appropriate climate friendly technologies (CFTs) can be an important complement to more politically sensitive mitigation measures (like carbon pricing). At the same time, CFTs can provide co-benefits like rural electrification. The current status of CFTs in APEC economies - their production, use and trade - are discussed along with technology neutral and technology specific policies and trade and investment policies that can support these technologies. Financing these policy interventions - both technology based and otherwise - will require various measures, including efficient market mechanisms that create incentives to reduce mitigation costs, facilitate financing of mitigation efforts through crediting mechanism and emissions trading, and setting up the necessary institutions. This report also considers policy responses to extreme climate events and their impact on the poor at the community level. Finally, since climate change is inherently of a cross-border, regional and even global nature, there is substantial scope for regional cooperation by APEC economies to address climate change issues. This report concludes with some initial thoughts on some key areas for this cooperation.