Food Safety, the Environment, and Trade

In this paper, the authors discuss the ways in which national governments, firms, and individuals respond to policy related to food safety, environmental protection, and trade. These responses must be considered in the development of policy to ensu...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Zilberman, David, Hochman, Gal, Sexton, Steven E.
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2017
Subjects:	ACID RAIN ADVERSE EFFECTS AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE APPLES BARGAINING BARRIERS TO ENTRY BENCHMARK BENEFIT ANALYSIS CANCER CARBON CARBON EMISSIONS CARCINOGENS CEREAL CROPS CEREALS CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CLIMATE CHANGE COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMER PREFERENCES CONSUMERS CORN COST MINIMIZATION COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES DECISION MAKING DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DIETS DRINKING WATER ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC BENEFITS ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC FACTORS ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION ECONOMIC MODELS ECONOMIC RELATIONS ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMICS ECONOMIES OF SCALE ECONOMISTS EFFICIENT REGULATION ELASTICITY EMPLOYMENT ENDANGERED SPECIES ENFORCEMENT REGIMES ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL AMENITIES ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL RISK EXPECTED PRESENT VALUE EXPECTED RETURNS EXPECTED UTILITY EXPENDITURES EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES EXTERNALITY FAMINE FINANCIAL TRANSFERS FOOD CONTAMINATION FOOD LABELING FOOD POLICY FOOD PROCESSING FOOD PRODUCTS FOOD REGULATION FOOD SAFETY FOOD SUPPLIES FOOD SUPPLY FREE TRADE FRUITS HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH POLICY HEALTH REGULATIONS HORMONES HUMAN BEHAVIOR INCOME INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INNOVATION INSURANCE INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERVENTION ISOLATION LABELING LAWS MARGINAL COST MARGINAL PRODUCTIVITY MARKET FAILURES MEDICAL TREATMENT NATURAL RESOURCES OPTIMIZATION OPTION VALUE ORGANIC FOODS OZONE PASTEURIZATION PER CAPITA INCOME PERSONAL SAFETY PESTICIDE PESTICIDES POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS POLITICAL PROCESS POLLUTION POLLUTION CONTROL POPULATION DYNAMICS PRESENT VALUE PRIVATE GOODS PRODUCERS PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTIONISM PUBLIC GOOD PUBLIC GOODS PUBLIC HEALTH QUOTAS REGULATION OF FOOD RENT SEEKING RENTS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RETURNS TO SCALE RICE SAFETY ISSUES SAFETY MEASURES SAFETY PROBLEMS SAFETY STANDARDS SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE SCREENING SOCIAL COSTS SOYBEAN STATISTICAL ANALYSIS TRADE BARRIERS TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADEOFFS TRANSACTIONS COSTS VALUATION WETLANDS WHEAT WILLINGNESS TO PAY WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/515451468326180413/Food-safety-the-environment-and-trade http://hdl.handle.net/10986/28195

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Summary:	In this paper, the authors discuss the ways in which national governments, firms, and individuals respond to policy related to food safety, environmental protection, and trade. These responses must be considered in the development of policy to ensure the best possible outcomes. It accounts for uncertainty about policy impacts and scientific knowledge and incorporates stochastic environmental factors. The authors argue use of such a model in the development of health and environmental policy can overcome capture by domestic forces opposed to trade liberalization. The effectiveness of policy, of course, is dependent upon firm and consumer response to policy. Section one describes the impacts of international transfer of species and genetic material, paying particular attention to the introduction of alien invasive species. Section two discusses issues surrounding trade in environmental amenities. Food safety and environmental regulations are reviewed in section three, along with mechanisms by which such policy can serve as a proxy for protectionists. Section four develops a risk assessment model that can be used in policy design. Section five considers the role of institutional, firm and individual behavior in the development and effectiveness of policy. Section six summarizes our analysis in offering an agenda for trade talks.

Food Safety, the Environment, and Trade

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