Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in India and Other South Asia

This chapter deals with the distortions to price incentives for agriculture that result from the trade, exchange rate and domestic policies in place in the four main South Asian countries, by summarizing and comparing the findings and themes of the...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Gulati, Ashok, Pursell, Garry
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2017
Subjects:	AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL POLICY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BALANCE OF PAYMENTS CRISIS BARRIER BASIC FOODS BILATERAL TRADE CAPITAL INFLOWS COMMODITIES COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMER GOODS CONSUMER INTERESTS CONSUMERS CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CORN CROPS CURRENCY CURRENT ACCOUNT CUSTOMS DUTIES DAIRY DAIRY PRODUCTS DEPRECIATIONS DEREGULATION DEVALUATION DEVALUATIONS DOMESTIC COMPETITION DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION DOMESTIC DEMAND DOMESTIC INFLATION DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC PRICE DOMESTIC PRICES ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC DISRUPTION ECONOMIC GROWTH EDIBLE OILS EQUIPMENT EXCHANGE CONTROLS EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATE POLICIES EXCHANGE RATE SYSTEM EXCHANGE RATES EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS EXPORT EARNINGS EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT SECTORS EXPORT SUBSIDIES EXPORTERS EXPORTS EXTENSION FAMINE FAMINES FARMERS FERTILIZERS FISH FISHERIES FLOUR FLOUR MILLS FOOD AID FOOD AID PROGRAMS FOOD AVAILABILITY FOOD GRAINS FOOD IMPORTS FOOD POLICY FOOD POLICY RESEARCH FOOD PRICES FOOD PROCESSING FOOD PROCESSORS FOOD PRODUCTS FOOD SAFETY FOOD SUBSIDY FOOD TRANSFERS FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN EXCHANGE EARNINGS FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES FOREST PRODUCTS FREE MARKET PRICES FREE MARKETS FREE TRADE FRUIT FRUITS GDP GROSS VALUE GROUNDNUT GROUNDNUTS HIGH INFLATION IMPORT IMPORT GROWTH IMPORT LICENSING IMPORT RESTRICTIONS INCOME INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL PRICES INTERNATIONAL TRADE LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS LOW TARIFFS MAIZE MARKETING MONOPOLY NATIONAL CURRENCY NOMINAL DEVALUATION NOMINAL EXCHANGE RATES OIL PRICES OUTPUTS OUTSOURCING OVERVALUATION PADDY PALM OIL PEPPER PESTICIDES POLITICAL ECONOMY POTATO POTATOES PRICE DISTORTION PRICE DISTORTIONS PRICE FLUCTUATIONS PRICE INCREASES PRICE LEVELS PRIMARY COMMODITIES PRINCIPAL EXPORT PROCESSED FOODS PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES PULSES RAPID EXPANSION RATION SHOPS REAL DEVALUATION REAL EFFECTIVE EXCHANGE RATE REAL EXCHANGE RATE REAL EXCHANGE RATE APPRECIATION REAL EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES REAL EXCHANGE RATES REFORM PROGRAM REMITTANCES RICE RUBBER SAFETY NET SAFETY NETS SOYA BEANS SOYBEAN SPICES STANDARD DEVIATION SUBSIDY POLICIES SUGAR SUGAR CANE TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF REDUCTION TARIFF REDUCTIONS TARIFFS ON IMPORTS TAX TAXATION TEA TEXTILES TOTAL EXPORT TOTAL EXPORTS TOTAL IMPORTS TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRADE STATISTICS TRADING PARTNERS URUGUAY ROUND VEGETABLES WEIGHTS WHEAT WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS WORLD MARKETS WORLD PRICE WORLD PRICES WTO
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/527721468331165980/Distortions-to-agricultural-incentives-in-India-and-other-South-Asia http://hdl.handle.net/10986/28188

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Summary:	This chapter deals with the distortions to price incentives for agriculture that result from the trade, exchange rate and domestic policies in place in the four main South Asian countries, by summarizing and comparing the findings and themes of the more-detailed case studies on India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. Attention is paid most to India, which accounts for around four fifths of South Asia's population, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and agricultural GDP. The principal focus is on the level of and trends in distortions for agriculture as a whole, and how these have changed over time relative to those for non-agricultural traded sectors in these countries. Previous studies have established that in India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, policies strongly favored manufacturing over the principal agricultural crops, although the extent of anti agricultural bias diminished considerably between the 1970s to 1995. The new country studies extend the earlier estimates up to 2005 and back to 1965, and provide long term estimates of distortions to relative agricultural incentives in Bangladesh for the first time. As well, these new studies broaden the coverage of previous research by including estimates for the fresh fruit and vegetables sector in India, and the dairying sectors in India and Pakistan. In South Asia both of these sectors account for large shares of the rural economy as measured by their contributions to GDP.

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in India and Other South Asia

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