Welfare- and Trade-Based Indicators of National Distortions to Agricultural Incentives
Despite reforms over the past quarter-century, world agricultural markets remain highly distorted by government policies. Traditional indicators of those price distortions such as the nominal rate of assistance and consumer tax equivalent provide m...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
| Published: |
World Bank, Washington, DC
2017
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/834231468331880018/Welfare-and-trade-based-indicators-of-national-distortions-to-agricultural-incentives http://hdl.handle.net/10986/28180 |
| id |
okr-10986-28180 |
|---|---|
| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| spelling |
okr-10986-281802021-04-23T14:04:45Z Welfare- and Trade-Based Indicators of National Distortions to Agricultural Incentives Lloyd, Peter J. Croser, Johanna L. Anderson, Kym ADVANCED ECONOMIES AGGREGATE DEMAND AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY MARKETS AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY AGRICULTURAL MARKETS AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL POLICY AGRICULTURAL PRICE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMS AGRICULTURAL PROTECTION AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL SECTORS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURAL VALUE AGRICULTURE BORDER MEASURES BORDER PRICE BORDER PRICES CONSUMER PRICE CONSUMER PRICES CONSUMER SURPLUS CONSUMERS DEMAND FUNCTION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DOLLAR VALUES DOMESTIC PRICE DOMESTIC PRICES DOMESTIC PRODUCER DOMESTIC PRODUCTION ECONOMIC EFFECTS EQUILIBRIUM EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXPORT EXPORT PRICE EXPORT SECTOR EXPORT SUBSIDY EXPORT TAX EXPORTABLE GOODS EXTERNALITIES FARM FARM INCOMES FARM INPUTS FARM PRODUCTS FARM SECTOR FARMERS FEDERAL RESERVE FEDERAL RESERVE BANK FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AREA GDP GDP PER CAPITA GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL GLOBAL MARKETS GLOBAL TRADE GOVERNMENT INTERVENTIONS GROSS VALUE IMPORT MEASURES IMPORT TARIFF IMPORT TAX IMPORT VOLUME IMPORTS INCOME INDEX NUMBERS INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERVENTION MEASURES MARGINAL COSTS MARKET FAILURES MARKETING NET EXPORTS OPEN ECONOMY OUTPUT PARTICULAR COUNTRY PRICE ADJUSTMENT PRICE CHANGE PRICE CONTROLS PRICE DISTORTION PRICE DISTORTIONS PRICE ELASTICITY PRICE INCREASES PRICE SUPPORT PRODUCER PRICE PRODUCER PRICES QUOTA RENTS REAL GDP SOCIAL WELFARE SUBSTITUTION SUPPLY CURVES SUPPLY FUNCTIONS TARIFF BORDER TARIFF RATE TARIFF RATES TARIFF REVENUE TAX TAX RATE TAXATION TOTAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION TRADE DISTORTIONS TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE REDUCTION TRADE RESTRICTION TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRADE TAX TRADE VOLUME TRANSITION ECONOMIES UNEMPLOYMENT VALUE ADDED VOLUME WORLD PRICE WORLD TRADE Despite reforms over the past quarter-century, world agricultural markets remain highly distorted by government policies. Traditional indicators of those price distortions such as the nominal rate of assistance and consumer tax equivalent provide measures of the degree of intervention, but they can be misleading as indicators of the true effects of those policies. By drawing on recent theoretical literature that provides indicators of the trade- and welfare-reducing effects of price and trade policies, this paper develops more-satisfactory indexes for capturing distortions to agricultural incentives. It then exploits the agricultural distortion database recently compiled by the World Bank to generate estimates of them for both developing and high-income countries over the past half century, based on a sample of 75 countries that together account for all but one-tenth of the world's population, gross domestic product (GDP) and agricultural production. While they are still only partial equilibrium measures, they provide a much better approximation of the true trade and welfare effects of sectoral policies without needing a formal model of global markets or even price elasticity estimates. 2017-09-07T18:13:14Z 2017-09-07T18:13:14Z 2009-03 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/834231468331880018/Welfare-and-trade-based-indicators-of-national-distortions-to-agricultural-incentives http://hdl.handle.net/10986/28180 English en_US Agricultural Distortions Working Paper;72 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Working Paper Publications & Research |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ADVANCED ECONOMIES AGGREGATE DEMAND AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY MARKETS AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY AGRICULTURAL MARKETS AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL POLICY AGRICULTURAL PRICE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMS AGRICULTURAL PROTECTION AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL SECTORS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURAL VALUE AGRICULTURE BORDER MEASURES BORDER PRICE BORDER PRICES CONSUMER PRICE CONSUMER PRICES CONSUMER SURPLUS CONSUMERS DEMAND FUNCTION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DOLLAR VALUES DOMESTIC PRICE DOMESTIC PRICES DOMESTIC PRODUCER DOMESTIC PRODUCTION ECONOMIC EFFECTS EQUILIBRIUM EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXPORT EXPORT PRICE EXPORT SECTOR EXPORT SUBSIDY EXPORT TAX EXPORTABLE GOODS EXTERNALITIES FARM FARM INCOMES FARM INPUTS FARM PRODUCTS FARM SECTOR FARMERS FEDERAL RESERVE FEDERAL RESERVE BANK FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AREA GDP GDP PER CAPITA GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL GLOBAL MARKETS GLOBAL TRADE GOVERNMENT INTERVENTIONS GROSS VALUE IMPORT MEASURES IMPORT TARIFF IMPORT TAX IMPORT VOLUME IMPORTS INCOME INDEX NUMBERS INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERVENTION MEASURES MARGINAL COSTS MARKET FAILURES MARKETING NET EXPORTS OPEN ECONOMY OUTPUT PARTICULAR COUNTRY PRICE ADJUSTMENT PRICE CHANGE PRICE CONTROLS PRICE DISTORTION PRICE DISTORTIONS PRICE ELASTICITY PRICE INCREASES PRICE SUPPORT PRODUCER PRICE PRODUCER PRICES QUOTA RENTS REAL GDP SOCIAL WELFARE SUBSTITUTION SUPPLY CURVES SUPPLY FUNCTIONS TARIFF BORDER TARIFF RATE TARIFF RATES TARIFF REVENUE TAX TAX RATE TAXATION TOTAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION TRADE DISTORTIONS TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE REDUCTION TRADE RESTRICTION TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRADE TAX TRADE VOLUME TRANSITION ECONOMIES UNEMPLOYMENT VALUE ADDED VOLUME WORLD PRICE WORLD TRADE |
| spellingShingle |
ADVANCED ECONOMIES AGGREGATE DEMAND AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY MARKETS AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY AGRICULTURAL MARKETS AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL POLICY AGRICULTURAL PRICE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMS AGRICULTURAL PROTECTION AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL SECTORS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURAL VALUE AGRICULTURE BORDER MEASURES BORDER PRICE BORDER PRICES CONSUMER PRICE CONSUMER PRICES CONSUMER SURPLUS CONSUMERS DEMAND FUNCTION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DOLLAR VALUES DOMESTIC PRICE DOMESTIC PRICES DOMESTIC PRODUCER DOMESTIC PRODUCTION ECONOMIC EFFECTS EQUILIBRIUM EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXPORT EXPORT PRICE EXPORT SECTOR EXPORT SUBSIDY EXPORT TAX EXPORTABLE GOODS EXTERNALITIES FARM FARM INCOMES FARM INPUTS FARM PRODUCTS FARM SECTOR FARMERS FEDERAL RESERVE FEDERAL RESERVE BANK FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AREA GDP GDP PER CAPITA GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL GLOBAL MARKETS GLOBAL TRADE GOVERNMENT INTERVENTIONS GROSS VALUE IMPORT MEASURES IMPORT TARIFF IMPORT TAX IMPORT VOLUME IMPORTS INCOME INDEX NUMBERS INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERVENTION MEASURES MARGINAL COSTS MARKET FAILURES MARKETING NET EXPORTS OPEN ECONOMY OUTPUT PARTICULAR COUNTRY PRICE ADJUSTMENT PRICE CHANGE PRICE CONTROLS PRICE DISTORTION PRICE DISTORTIONS PRICE ELASTICITY PRICE INCREASES PRICE SUPPORT PRODUCER PRICE PRODUCER PRICES QUOTA RENTS REAL GDP SOCIAL WELFARE SUBSTITUTION SUPPLY CURVES SUPPLY FUNCTIONS TARIFF BORDER TARIFF RATE TARIFF RATES TARIFF REVENUE TAX TAX RATE TAXATION TOTAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION TRADE DISTORTIONS TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE REDUCTION TRADE RESTRICTION TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRADE TAX TRADE VOLUME TRANSITION ECONOMIES UNEMPLOYMENT VALUE ADDED VOLUME WORLD PRICE WORLD TRADE Lloyd, Peter J. Croser, Johanna L. Anderson, Kym Welfare- and Trade-Based Indicators of National Distortions to Agricultural Incentives |
| relation |
Agricultural Distortions Working Paper;72 |
| description |
Despite reforms over the past
quarter-century, world agricultural markets remain highly
distorted by government policies. Traditional indicators of
those price distortions such as the nominal rate of
assistance and consumer tax equivalent provide measures of
the degree of intervention, but they can be misleading as
indicators of the true effects of those policies. By drawing
on recent theoretical literature that provides indicators of
the trade- and welfare-reducing effects of price and trade
policies, this paper develops more-satisfactory indexes for
capturing distortions to agricultural incentives. It then
exploits the agricultural distortion database recently
compiled by the World Bank to generate estimates of them for
both developing and high-income countries over the past half
century, based on a sample of 75 countries that together
account for all but one-tenth of the world's
population, gross domestic product (GDP) and agricultural
production. While they are still only partial equilibrium
measures, they provide a much better approximation of the
true trade and welfare effects of sectoral policies without
needing a formal model of global markets or even price
elasticity estimates. |
| format |
Working Paper |
| author |
Lloyd, Peter J. Croser, Johanna L. Anderson, Kym |
| author_facet |
Lloyd, Peter J. Croser, Johanna L. Anderson, Kym |
| author_sort |
Lloyd, Peter J. |
| title |
Welfare- and Trade-Based Indicators of National Distortions to Agricultural Incentives |
| title_short |
Welfare- and Trade-Based Indicators of National Distortions to Agricultural Incentives |
| title_full |
Welfare- and Trade-Based Indicators of National Distortions to Agricultural Incentives |
| title_fullStr |
Welfare- and Trade-Based Indicators of National Distortions to Agricultural Incentives |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Welfare- and Trade-Based Indicators of National Distortions to Agricultural Incentives |
| title_sort |
welfare- and trade-based indicators of national distortions to agricultural incentives |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2017 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/834231468331880018/Welfare-and-trade-based-indicators-of-national-distortions-to-agricultural-incentives http://hdl.handle.net/10986/28180 |
| _version_ |
1764465464371576832 |