Political Economy of Distortions to Agricultural Incentives : Introduction and Summary
During the 1960s and 1970s most developing countries imposed anti-agricultural policies, while many high-income countries restricted agricultural imports and subsidized their farmers. Both sets of policies inhibited economic growth and poverty alle...
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| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2017
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/267471468346438258/Political-economy-of-distortions-to-agricultural-incentives-introduction-and-summary http://hdl.handle.net/10986/28164 |
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okr-10986-28164 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
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Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
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World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL AGREEMENT AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL EXPORT AGRICULTURAL EXPORT SUBSIDIES AGRICULTURAL GOODS AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES AGRICULTURAL MARKETS AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL POLICY AGRICULTURAL PRICE AGRICULTURAL PRICES AGRICULTURAL PRICING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL PROTECTION AGRICULTURAL PROTECTIONISM AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL SECTORS AGRICULTURAL TARIFFS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICIES AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICY AGRICULTURE ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY BARGAINING BARGAINING POWER BENCHMARK BORDER MEASURES CAPITAL MARKETS COLLECTIVE ACTION COMMERCIAL GROUPS COMMODITIES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONSUMERS COTTON CROPS DECENTRALIZATION DEMOCRACIES DEMOCRACY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC MARKETS DOMESTIC PRICE DOMESTIC PRICES ECONOMETRIC ANALYSES ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC THEORY EMPLOYMENT EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXPORT EXPORTS FARM FARM INCOME FARM INCOMES FARM INPUTS FARM PRICES FARM PRODUCTS FARM SUBSIDIES FARMERS FARMS FEED FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FOOD PRICES FOOD PRODUCTION FOREIGN EXCHANGE FREE TRADE GDP GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL MARKETS GOVERNANCE INDICATORS GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION GOVERNMENT REGULATION GRAIN HOUSEHOLDS IMPORT BARRIERS IMPORT DUTIES IMPORT TARIFFS IMPORTS OF RICE INCOME GROUP INDUSTRIALIZATION INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL TRADE LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKET ACCESS MARKET FAILURES MARKET STRUCTURES MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES MILK MULTILATERAL TRADE NATIONAL ECONOMY OUTPUTS PER CAPITA INCOME POLITICAL ARENA POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS POLITICAL POWER POLITICAL REGIME POLITICAL REGIMES POLITICAL SYSTEM PORK PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO DIVERSIFICATION PORTFOLIOS POULTRY POVERTY ALLEVIATION PRICE DISTORTIONS PRIVATE SECTOR PUBLIC FINANCE PUBLIC GOOD PUBLIC POLICIES PUBLIC POLICY QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS REAL WAGES REDISTRIBUTIVE TAXATION REFORM PROGRAM REGIONAL TRADE RICE PRICES RURAL AREAS SUGAR TAX TAXATION TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE AGREEMENTS TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRANSITION COUNTRIES TRANSITION ECONOMIES URBANIZATION URUGUAY ROUND VOLATILITY VOLUME WAGES WEALTH WORLD ECONOMY WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO |
| spellingShingle |
AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL AGREEMENT AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL EXPORT AGRICULTURAL EXPORT SUBSIDIES AGRICULTURAL GOODS AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES AGRICULTURAL MARKETS AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL POLICY AGRICULTURAL PRICE AGRICULTURAL PRICES AGRICULTURAL PRICING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL PROTECTION AGRICULTURAL PROTECTIONISM AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL SECTORS AGRICULTURAL TARIFFS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICIES AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICY AGRICULTURE ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY BARGAINING BARGAINING POWER BENCHMARK BORDER MEASURES CAPITAL MARKETS COLLECTIVE ACTION COMMERCIAL GROUPS COMMODITIES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONSUMERS COTTON CROPS DECENTRALIZATION DEMOCRACIES DEMOCRACY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC MARKETS DOMESTIC PRICE DOMESTIC PRICES ECONOMETRIC ANALYSES ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC THEORY EMPLOYMENT EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXPORT EXPORTS FARM FARM INCOME FARM INCOMES FARM INPUTS FARM PRICES FARM PRODUCTS FARM SUBSIDIES FARMERS FARMS FEED FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FOOD PRICES FOOD PRODUCTION FOREIGN EXCHANGE FREE TRADE GDP GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL MARKETS GOVERNANCE INDICATORS GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION GOVERNMENT REGULATION GRAIN HOUSEHOLDS IMPORT BARRIERS IMPORT DUTIES IMPORT TARIFFS IMPORTS OF RICE INCOME GROUP INDUSTRIALIZATION INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL TRADE LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKET ACCESS MARKET FAILURES MARKET STRUCTURES MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES MILK MULTILATERAL TRADE NATIONAL ECONOMY OUTPUTS PER CAPITA INCOME POLITICAL ARENA POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS POLITICAL POWER POLITICAL REGIME POLITICAL REGIMES POLITICAL SYSTEM PORK PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO DIVERSIFICATION PORTFOLIOS POULTRY POVERTY ALLEVIATION PRICE DISTORTIONS PRIVATE SECTOR PUBLIC FINANCE PUBLIC GOOD PUBLIC POLICIES PUBLIC POLICY QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS REAL WAGES REDISTRIBUTIVE TAXATION REFORM PROGRAM REGIONAL TRADE RICE PRICES RURAL AREAS SUGAR TAX TAXATION TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE AGREEMENTS TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRANSITION COUNTRIES TRANSITION ECONOMIES URBANIZATION URUGUAY ROUND VOLATILITY VOLUME WAGES WEALTH WORLD ECONOMY WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO Anderson, Kym Political Economy of Distortions to Agricultural Incentives : Introduction and Summary |
| geographic_facet |
European Union |
| relation |
Agricultural Distortions Working Paper;91 |
| description |
During the 1960s and 1970s most
developing countries imposed anti-agricultural policies,
while many high-income countries restricted agricultural
imports and subsidized their farmers. Both sets of policies
inhibited economic growth and poverty alleviation in
developing countries, while doing little to assist small
farmers in high-income countries. Since the 1980s, however,
many developing countries began to reduce the
anti-agricultural bias of sectoral policies, and from the
early 1990s the European Union began to move away from price
supports to more-direct forms of farm income payments. This
paper summarizes a forthcoming book that seeks to explain
this evolving pattern of distortions to incentives
conceptually and econometrically by making use of new
political economy theory and a new globally comprehensive
and consistent set of estimates of the changing extent of
annual distortions over the past half-century. The
distortion estimates involve more than 70 products that
cover around 70 percent of the value of agricultural output
in each of 75 countries that together account for over 90
percent of the global economy, and they expose the
contribution of the various policy instruments (both farm
and non-farm) to the net distortion to farmer incentives.
Such a widespread coverage of countries, products, years and
policy instruments has allowed this collection of studies to
test a wide range of hypotheses suggested by the new
political economy literature, including the importance of
institutions. As a set it sheds much new light on the
underlying forces that have affected incentives facing
farmers in the course of national and global economic and
political development, and hence on how those distortions
might change in the future - or be changed by concerted
actions to offset political pressures from traditionally
powerful vested interests. |
| format |
Working Paper |
| author |
Anderson, Kym |
| author_facet |
Anderson, Kym |
| author_sort |
Anderson, Kym |
| title |
Political Economy of Distortions to Agricultural Incentives : Introduction and Summary |
| title_short |
Political Economy of Distortions to Agricultural Incentives : Introduction and Summary |
| title_full |
Political Economy of Distortions to Agricultural Incentives : Introduction and Summary |
| title_fullStr |
Political Economy of Distortions to Agricultural Incentives : Introduction and Summary |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Political Economy of Distortions to Agricultural Incentives : Introduction and Summary |
| title_sort |
political economy of distortions to agricultural incentives : introduction and summary |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2017 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/267471468346438258/Political-economy-of-distortions-to-agricultural-incentives-introduction-and-summary http://hdl.handle.net/10986/28164 |
| _version_ |
1764465425412784128 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-281642021-04-23T14:04:45Z Political Economy of Distortions to Agricultural Incentives : Introduction and Summary Anderson, Kym AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL AGREEMENT AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL EXPORT AGRICULTURAL EXPORT SUBSIDIES AGRICULTURAL GOODS AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES AGRICULTURAL MARKETS AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL POLICY AGRICULTURAL PRICE AGRICULTURAL PRICES AGRICULTURAL PRICING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL PROTECTION AGRICULTURAL PROTECTIONISM AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL SECTORS AGRICULTURAL TARIFFS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICIES AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICY AGRICULTURE ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY BARGAINING BARGAINING POWER BENCHMARK BORDER MEASURES CAPITAL MARKETS COLLECTIVE ACTION COMMERCIAL GROUPS COMMODITIES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONSUMERS COTTON CROPS DECENTRALIZATION DEMOCRACIES DEMOCRACY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRY DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC MARKETS DOMESTIC PRICE DOMESTIC PRICES ECONOMETRIC ANALYSES ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC THEORY EMPLOYMENT EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXPORT EXPORTS FARM FARM INCOME FARM INCOMES FARM INPUTS FARM PRICES FARM PRODUCTS FARM SUBSIDIES FARMERS FARMS FEED FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FOOD PRICES FOOD PRODUCTION FOREIGN EXCHANGE FREE TRADE GDP GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL MARKETS GOVERNANCE INDICATORS GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION GOVERNMENT REGULATION GRAIN HOUSEHOLDS IMPORT BARRIERS IMPORT DUTIES IMPORT TARIFFS IMPORTS OF RICE INCOME GROUP INDUSTRIALIZATION INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL TRADE LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKET ACCESS MARKET FAILURES MARKET STRUCTURES MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES MILK MULTILATERAL TRADE NATIONAL ECONOMY OUTPUTS PER CAPITA INCOME POLITICAL ARENA POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS POLITICAL POWER POLITICAL REGIME POLITICAL REGIMES POLITICAL SYSTEM PORK PORTFOLIO PORTFOLIO DIVERSIFICATION PORTFOLIOS POULTRY POVERTY ALLEVIATION PRICE DISTORTIONS PRIVATE SECTOR PUBLIC FINANCE PUBLIC GOOD PUBLIC POLICIES PUBLIC POLICY QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS REAL WAGES REDISTRIBUTIVE TAXATION REFORM PROGRAM REGIONAL TRADE RICE PRICES RURAL AREAS SUGAR TAX TAXATION TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE AGREEMENTS TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRANSITION COUNTRIES TRANSITION ECONOMIES URBANIZATION URUGUAY ROUND VOLATILITY VOLUME WAGES WEALTH WORLD ECONOMY WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO During the 1960s and 1970s most developing countries imposed anti-agricultural policies, while many high-income countries restricted agricultural imports and subsidized their farmers. Both sets of policies inhibited economic growth and poverty alleviation in developing countries, while doing little to assist small farmers in high-income countries. Since the 1980s, however, many developing countries began to reduce the anti-agricultural bias of sectoral policies, and from the early 1990s the European Union began to move away from price supports to more-direct forms of farm income payments. This paper summarizes a forthcoming book that seeks to explain this evolving pattern of distortions to incentives conceptually and econometrically by making use of new political economy theory and a new globally comprehensive and consistent set of estimates of the changing extent of annual distortions over the past half-century. The distortion estimates involve more than 70 products that cover around 70 percent of the value of agricultural output in each of 75 countries that together account for over 90 percent of the global economy, and they expose the contribution of the various policy instruments (both farm and non-farm) to the net distortion to farmer incentives. Such a widespread coverage of countries, products, years and policy instruments has allowed this collection of studies to test a wide range of hypotheses suggested by the new political economy literature, including the importance of institutions. As a set it sheds much new light on the underlying forces that have affected incentives facing farmers in the course of national and global economic and political development, and hence on how those distortions might change in the future - or be changed by concerted actions to offset political pressures from traditionally powerful vested interests. 2017-09-07T17:06:36Z 2017-09-07T17:06:36Z 2009-05 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/267471468346438258/Political-economy-of-distortions-to-agricultural-incentives-introduction-and-summary http://hdl.handle.net/10986/28164 English en_US Agricultural Distortions Working Paper;91 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Working Paper Publications & Research European Union |