Agricultural Protection Growth in Europe, 1870-1969

Dramatic changes took place in agricultural policies in Europe in the 19th and 20th century. In the 1860s European nations agreed on a series of trade agreements which spread free trade across the continent. In the 1960s European nations concluded...

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Main Author:	Swinnen, Johan F. M.
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2017
Subjects:	AGRIBUSINESS AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL HISTORY AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES AGRICULTURAL INCOMES AGRICULTURAL INTERESTS AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AGRICULTURAL MARKET AGRICULTURAL MARKETS AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL POLICY AGRICULTURAL POPULATION AGRICULTURAL PRICES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL PROTECTION AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL SCHOOLS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL SECTORS AGRICULTURAL TARIFFS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICIES AGRICULTURE ANIMAL ANIMAL DISEASE ANIMAL PRODUCTS BARLEY BASIC FOOD PRICES BEEF BREAD BUTTER CATTLE COMMODITIES COMMODITY PROGRAMS COOPERATIVES CORN CROP CROPS DAIRY DEFICIENCY PAYMENTS DEMAND FOR FOOD DIRECT PAYMENTS DISEASE PREVENTION EXPORT EXPORTS EXTENSION FARM FARM ASSOCIATIONS FARM COMMODITY FARM HOUSEHOLDS FARM INCOMES FARM ORGANIZATIONS FARM PRICES FARM STRUCTURE FARM STRUCTURES FARM WORKERS FARMER FARMERS FARMING FARMS FEED FEED COSTS FLOUR FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD DISTRIBUTION FOOD IMPORTS FOOD MARKETS FOOD POLICY FOOD PRICES FOOD PRODUCTS FOOD SECURITY FOOD SHORTAGES FOOD STAPLES FOOD SUPPLIES FOOD SUPPLY FREE TRADE FREEZING FROZEN MEAT GRAIN GRAIN PRICES GRAIN PRODUCTION GRAINS HARVESTS HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS HOUSEHOLDS HUNGER IMPORT QUOTAS IMPORT RESTRICTIONS IMPORT TARIFFS IMPORTS INDUSTRIAL WORKERS INTEGRATION KOLA LIVE ANIMALS LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK BREEDING LIVESTOCK FARMERS LIVESTOCK FARMING LIVESTOCK FARMS LIVESTOCK PRICES LIVESTOCK PRODUCERS LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS LIVESTOCK SECTOR LOCAL FOOD PRODUCTION LOW INCOME MARGARINE MARKETING MEAT MEAT PROCESSING MILK MINIMUM PRICES MINISTRIES OF AGRICULTURE OATS PORK POTATOES PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH REDUCTIONS IN TARIFFS RYE SMALL FARMERS STAPLE FOODS STIMULATING LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SUGAR SUGAR PROCESSING TARGET PRICES TARIFF BARRIERS TENURE RIGHTS TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE AGREEMENTS UNIVERSITIES VEGETABLES WHEAT WHEAT PRICES WINE WORLD MARKET PRICES YIELDS
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/696881468328214710/Agricultural-protection-growth-in-Europe-1870-1969 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/28163

id	okr-10986-28163
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-281632021-04-23T14:04:45Z Agricultural Protection Growth in Europe, 1870-1969 Swinnen, Johan F. M. AGRIBUSINESS AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL HISTORY AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES AGRICULTURAL INCOMES AGRICULTURAL INTERESTS AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AGRICULTURAL MARKET AGRICULTURAL MARKETS AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL POLICY AGRICULTURAL POPULATION AGRICULTURAL PRICES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL PROTECTION AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL SCHOOLS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL SECTORS AGRICULTURAL TARIFFS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICIES AGRICULTURE ANIMAL ANIMAL DISEASE ANIMAL PRODUCTS BARLEY BASIC FOOD PRICES BEEF BREAD BUTTER CATTLE COMMODITIES COMMODITY PROGRAMS COOPERATIVES CORN CROP CROPS DAIRY DEFICIENCY PAYMENTS DEMAND FOR FOOD DIRECT PAYMENTS DISEASE PREVENTION EXPORT EXPORTS EXTENSION FARM FARM ASSOCIATIONS FARM COMMODITY FARM HOUSEHOLDS FARM INCOMES FARM ORGANIZATIONS FARM PRICES FARM STRUCTURE FARM STRUCTURES FARM WORKERS FARMER FARMERS FARMING FARMS FEED FEED COSTS FLOUR FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD DISTRIBUTION FOOD IMPORTS FOOD MARKETS FOOD POLICY FOOD PRICES FOOD PRODUCTS FOOD SECURITY FOOD SHORTAGES FOOD STAPLES FOOD SUPPLIES FOOD SUPPLY FREE TRADE FREEZING FROZEN MEAT GRAIN GRAIN PRICES GRAIN PRODUCTION GRAINS HARVESTS HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS HOUSEHOLDS HUNGER IMPORT QUOTAS IMPORT RESTRICTIONS IMPORT TARIFFS IMPORTS INDUSTRIAL WORKERS INTEGRATION KOLA LIVE ANIMALS LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK BREEDING LIVESTOCK FARMERS LIVESTOCK FARMING LIVESTOCK FARMS LIVESTOCK PRICES LIVESTOCK PRODUCERS LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS LIVESTOCK SECTOR LOCAL FOOD PRODUCTION LOW INCOME MARGARINE MARKETING MEAT MEAT PROCESSING MILK MINIMUM PRICES MINISTRIES OF AGRICULTURE OATS PORK POTATOES PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH REDUCTIONS IN TARIFFS RYE SMALL FARMERS STAPLE FOODS STIMULATING LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SUGAR SUGAR PROCESSING TARGET PRICES TARIFF BARRIERS TENURE RIGHTS TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE AGREEMENTS UNIVERSITIES VEGETABLES WHEAT WHEAT PRICES WINE WORLD MARKET PRICES YIELDS Dramatic changes took place in agricultural policies in Europe in the 19th and 20th century. In the 1860s European nations agreed on a series of trade agreements which spread free trade across the continent. In the 1960s European nations concluded an international agreement which spread heavy Government intervention and protection against imports across the continent. This paper offers hypotheses as to the causes of these dramatic changes in agricultural protection. 2017-09-07T17:04:12Z 2017-09-07T17:04:12Z 2009-05 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/696881468328214710/Agricultural-protection-growth-in-Europe-1870-1969 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/28163 English en_US Agricultural Distortions Working Paper;80 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Working Paper Publications & Research Europe
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	AGRIBUSINESS AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL HISTORY AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES AGRICULTURAL INCOMES AGRICULTURAL INTERESTS AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AGRICULTURAL MARKET AGRICULTURAL MARKETS AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL POLICY AGRICULTURAL POPULATION AGRICULTURAL PRICES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL PROTECTION AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL SCHOOLS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL SECTORS AGRICULTURAL TARIFFS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICIES AGRICULTURE ANIMAL ANIMAL DISEASE ANIMAL PRODUCTS BARLEY BASIC FOOD PRICES BEEF BREAD BUTTER CATTLE COMMODITIES COMMODITY PROGRAMS COOPERATIVES CORN CROP CROPS DAIRY DEFICIENCY PAYMENTS DEMAND FOR FOOD DIRECT PAYMENTS DISEASE PREVENTION EXPORT EXPORTS EXTENSION FARM FARM ASSOCIATIONS FARM COMMODITY FARM HOUSEHOLDS FARM INCOMES FARM ORGANIZATIONS FARM PRICES FARM STRUCTURE FARM STRUCTURES FARM WORKERS FARMER FARMERS FARMING FARMS FEED FEED COSTS FLOUR FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD DISTRIBUTION FOOD IMPORTS FOOD MARKETS FOOD POLICY FOOD PRICES FOOD PRODUCTS FOOD SECURITY FOOD SHORTAGES FOOD STAPLES FOOD SUPPLIES FOOD SUPPLY FREE TRADE FREEZING FROZEN MEAT GRAIN GRAIN PRICES GRAIN PRODUCTION GRAINS HARVESTS HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS HOUSEHOLDS HUNGER IMPORT QUOTAS IMPORT RESTRICTIONS IMPORT TARIFFS IMPORTS INDUSTRIAL WORKERS INTEGRATION KOLA LIVE ANIMALS LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK BREEDING LIVESTOCK FARMERS LIVESTOCK FARMING LIVESTOCK FARMS LIVESTOCK PRICES LIVESTOCK PRODUCERS LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS LIVESTOCK SECTOR LOCAL FOOD PRODUCTION LOW INCOME MARGARINE MARKETING MEAT MEAT PROCESSING MILK MINIMUM PRICES MINISTRIES OF AGRICULTURE OATS PORK POTATOES PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH REDUCTIONS IN TARIFFS RYE SMALL FARMERS STAPLE FOODS STIMULATING LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SUGAR SUGAR PROCESSING TARGET PRICES TARIFF BARRIERS TENURE RIGHTS TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE AGREEMENTS UNIVERSITIES VEGETABLES WHEAT WHEAT PRICES WINE WORLD MARKET PRICES YIELDS
spellingShingle	AGRIBUSINESS AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL HISTORY AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES AGRICULTURAL INCOMES AGRICULTURAL INTERESTS AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AGRICULTURAL MARKET AGRICULTURAL MARKETS AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL POLICY AGRICULTURAL POPULATION AGRICULTURAL PRICES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL PROTECTION AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AGRICULTURAL SCHOOLS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL SECTORS AGRICULTURAL TARIFFS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICIES AGRICULTURE ANIMAL ANIMAL DISEASE ANIMAL PRODUCTS BARLEY BASIC FOOD PRICES BEEF BREAD BUTTER CATTLE COMMODITIES COMMODITY PROGRAMS COOPERATIVES CORN CROP CROPS DAIRY DEFICIENCY PAYMENTS DEMAND FOR FOOD DIRECT PAYMENTS DISEASE PREVENTION EXPORT EXPORTS EXTENSION FARM FARM ASSOCIATIONS FARM COMMODITY FARM HOUSEHOLDS FARM INCOMES FARM ORGANIZATIONS FARM PRICES FARM STRUCTURE FARM STRUCTURES FARM WORKERS FARMER FARMERS FARMING FARMS FEED FEED COSTS FLOUR FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD DISTRIBUTION FOOD IMPORTS FOOD MARKETS FOOD POLICY FOOD PRICES FOOD PRODUCTS FOOD SECURITY FOOD SHORTAGES FOOD STAPLES FOOD SUPPLIES FOOD SUPPLY FREE TRADE FREEZING FROZEN MEAT GRAIN GRAIN PRICES GRAIN PRODUCTION GRAINS HARVESTS HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS HOUSEHOLDS HUNGER IMPORT QUOTAS IMPORT RESTRICTIONS IMPORT TARIFFS IMPORTS INDUSTRIAL WORKERS INTEGRATION KOLA LIVE ANIMALS LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK BREEDING LIVESTOCK FARMERS LIVESTOCK FARMING LIVESTOCK FARMS LIVESTOCK PRICES LIVESTOCK PRODUCERS LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS LIVESTOCK SECTOR LOCAL FOOD PRODUCTION LOW INCOME MARGARINE MARKETING MEAT MEAT PROCESSING MILK MINIMUM PRICES MINISTRIES OF AGRICULTURE OATS PORK POTATOES PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH REDUCTIONS IN TARIFFS RYE SMALL FARMERS STAPLE FOODS STIMULATING LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SUGAR SUGAR PROCESSING TARGET PRICES TARIFF BARRIERS TENURE RIGHTS TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE AGREEMENTS UNIVERSITIES VEGETABLES WHEAT WHEAT PRICES WINE WORLD MARKET PRICES YIELDS Swinnen, Johan F. M. Agricultural Protection Growth in Europe, 1870-1969
geographic_facet	Europe
relation	Agricultural Distortions Working Paper;80
description	Dramatic changes took place in agricultural policies in Europe in the 19th and 20th century. In the 1860s European nations agreed on a series of trade agreements which spread free trade across the continent. In the 1960s European nations concluded an international agreement which spread heavy Government intervention and protection against imports across the continent. This paper offers hypotheses as to the causes of these dramatic changes in agricultural protection.
format	Working Paper
author	Swinnen, Johan F. M.
author_facet	Swinnen, Johan F. M.
author_sort	Swinnen, Johan F. M.
title	Agricultural Protection Growth in Europe, 1870-1969
title_short	Agricultural Protection Growth in Europe, 1870-1969
title_full	Agricultural Protection Growth in Europe, 1870-1969
title_fullStr	Agricultural Protection Growth in Europe, 1870-1969
title_full_unstemmed	Agricultural Protection Growth in Europe, 1870-1969
title_sort	agricultural protection growth in europe, 1870-1969
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2017
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/696881468328214710/Agricultural-protection-growth-in-Europe-1870-1969 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/28163
_version_	1764465422537588736

Agricultural Protection Growth in Europe, 1870-1969

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