Urbanization, Agglomeration, and Economic Development

This paper reviews the linkages between urbanization and economic development. It articulates the relationship between urban density and potential increases in productivity, through specialization, complementarities in production, through the diffu...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Quigley, John M.
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2017
Subjects:	ACCESS TO CAPITAL ADJUSTMENT POLICIES AGGLOMERATION BENEFITS AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AGRICULTURE AIR AIR POLLUTION AVERAGE COSTS BANKRUPTCY BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CAPITAL MARKETS CENTRALIZATION CITY POPULATION CITY SIZE CLIMATE CHANGE CONGESTION CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE CONSUMER PREFERENCES CONSUMERS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT POLICIES DISCRIMINATION DISEASES DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATIONS DIVISION OF LABOR ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC LIFE ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC THEORY ECONOMICS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELASTICITY EMPLOYMENT GROWTH ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS EPIDEMIC EXTERNALITIES FINANCIAL SECTOR FISCAL POLICIES FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT GDP GLOBAL AGENDA GOVERNMENT POLICIES GREENHOUSE GASES GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATE OF POPULATION HEALTH PROBLEMS HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRIAL ECONOMIES INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE INDUSTRIALIZATION INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT INNOVATION INSURANCE INVENTORY LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR MOBILITY LABOR SUPPLY LARGE CITIES LEGAL STATUS LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES LIVING CONDITIONS LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARGINAL COSTS MARGINAL PRODUCT MIGRANTS MIGRATION MIGRATION FLOW MINIMUM WAGE NATIONAL ECONOMIES NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL POPULATION NATURAL RESOURCES NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES OUTPUTS PATENTS POINT OF DEPARTURE POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL RIGHTS PRACTITIONERS PRICE DISTORTIONS PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS PROGRESS PROPERTY TAXES PUBLIC HEALTH QUALITY OF LIFE REAL WAGES REGIONAL PRODUCTIVITY RENTS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT ROUTE ROUTES RURAL AREAS RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL PRODUCTIVITY RURAL WORKERS SANITATION SEARCH COSTS SERVICE SECTOR SKILLED WORKERS SLUM DWELLERS SOCIOLOGISTS SOLID WASTE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION STATE OF WORLD POPULATION STATISTICAL ANALYSIS SUPPLIERS TAXATION TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH TRADE POLICIES TRAFFIC TRAFFIC FATALITIES TRANSACTIONS COSTS TRANSPORT TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORTATION TRUE TUBERCULOSIS UNEMPLOYMENT UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND URBAN AGGLOMERATION URBAN AREAS URBAN BIAS URBAN DEVELOPMENT URBAN ECONOMICS URBAN EMPLOYMENT URBAN ENVIRONMENT URBAN ENVIRONMENTS URBAN GROWTH URBAN LIFE URBAN MIGRATION URBAN POLICY URBAN POPULATIONS URBAN POVERTY URBAN SECTOR URBAN SLUMS URBAN WORKERS URBANIZATION URBANIZATION PROCESS VALUE ADDED VEHICLE VEHICLE ACCIDENTS VEHICLES WAGES WASTE WATER WATER SUPPLIES WORKER PRODUCTIVITY WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION WORLD POPULATION WORLD POPULATION POLICIES
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/914731468177532792/Urbanization-agglomeration-and-economic-development http://hdl.handle.net/10986/28042

Description
Summary:	This paper reviews the linkages between urbanization and economic development. It articulates the relationship between urban density and potential increases in productivity, through specialization, complementarities in production, through the diffusion of knowledge and mimicry, and simply through size and scale. The factors limiting the efficient sizes of cities are analyzed. The paper reviews empirical knowledge, from underdeveloped countries as well as high-income industrial societies, about the importance and magnitudes of these productivity gains. The analysis documents the close link between gains in economic efficiency and the urbanization of populations in most parts of the world.

Urbanization, Agglomeration, and Economic Development

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