Understanding the Livelihoods of Former Insurgents : Aceh, Indonesia
This paper documents significant differences in the impacts the war in Aceh had on ex-combatants and civilians and how these differences shaped the post-war decision-making processes of their households. Because of the overwhelming percentage of th...
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| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Jakarta
2017
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/804951468262794564/Understanding-the-livelihoods-of-former-insurgents-Aceh-Indonesia http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27784 |
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okr-10986-27784 |
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oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ABUSES ACCOUNTING AGRICULTURE ARMED CONFLICT BANK LOANS BANKS BARRIERS TO ENTRY BASIC NEEDS BONDS BRIBE CAPITAL MARKETS CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES CHILD SOLDIERS CITIZENS CIVIL SOCIETY CIVIL WAR CIVIL WARS CIVILIAN POPULATION COMBATANTS CONFIDENCE CONFLICT RESOLUTION CONSTRAINT CONSUMPTION NEEDS COUNTERINSURGENCY COUNTERPARTS CURFEW CURFEWS DEATHS DECADES OF WAR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT AID DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS DONOR AGENCIES EARTHQUAKE ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC OUTCOMES ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC REINTEGRATION ECONOMIC RESOURCES ECONOMIC STATUS ECONOMICS LITERATURE EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELECTIONS EMBASSY ETHNIC CLEANSING EX-COMBATANT EX-COMBATANTS EXCOMBATANTS EXISTING RESOURCES EXPERIENCED VIOLENCE EXPORTS EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE EXTORTION FEMALE COMBATANTS FIGHTING FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS GDP GOVERNMENT CONTROL GOVERNMENT OFFICES GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS GOVERNMENT TROOPS GOVERNMENTAL POWER HOUSEHOLD ASSETS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RIGHT HUMAN RIGHTS ILLNESS INCOME INCOME LEVELS INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INCOME-GENERATION ACTIVITIES INDIVIDUAL INCOMES INITIATIVE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INVENTORY LABOR MARKET LACK OF KNOWLEDGE LARGE POPULATION LEADERSHIP LIQUIDITY LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIES LOBBYING LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL POPULATION LOTTERY |
| spellingShingle |
ABUSES ACCOUNTING AGRICULTURE ARMED CONFLICT BANK LOANS BANKS BARRIERS TO ENTRY BASIC NEEDS BONDS BRIBE CAPITAL MARKETS CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES CHILD SOLDIERS CITIZENS CIVIL SOCIETY CIVIL WAR CIVIL WARS CIVILIAN POPULATION COMBATANTS CONFIDENCE CONFLICT RESOLUTION CONSTRAINT CONSUMPTION NEEDS COUNTERINSURGENCY COUNTERPARTS CURFEW CURFEWS DEATHS DECADES OF WAR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT AID DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS DONOR AGENCIES EARTHQUAKE ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC OUTCOMES ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC REINTEGRATION ECONOMIC RESOURCES ECONOMIC STATUS ECONOMICS LITERATURE EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELECTIONS EMBASSY ETHNIC CLEANSING EX-COMBATANT EX-COMBATANTS EXCOMBATANTS EXISTING RESOURCES EXPERIENCED VIOLENCE EXPORTS EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE EXTORTION FEMALE COMBATANTS FIGHTING FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS GDP GOVERNMENT CONTROL GOVERNMENT OFFICES GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS GOVERNMENT TROOPS GOVERNMENTAL POWER HOUSEHOLD ASSETS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RIGHT HUMAN RIGHTS ILLNESS INCOME INCOME LEVELS INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INCOME-GENERATION ACTIVITIES INDIVIDUAL INCOMES INITIATIVE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INVENTORY LABOR MARKET LACK OF KNOWLEDGE LARGE POPULATION LEADERSHIP LIQUIDITY LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIES LOBBYING LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL POPULATION LOTTERY Tajima, Yuhki Understanding the Livelihoods of Former Insurgents : Aceh, Indonesia |
| geographic_facet |
East Asia and Pacific Indonesia |
| relation |
Indonesian Social Development Paper;No. 17 |
| description |
This paper documents significant
differences in the impacts the war in Aceh had on
ex-combatants and civilians and how these differences shaped
the post-war decision-making processes of their households.
Because of the overwhelming percentage of the ex-combatant
population in rural areas (over 90 percent), particular
attention is paid to the agricultural sector. The second
section provides summary statistics of former
combatants' household and individual characteristics,
and economic conditions. In order to place the economic
conditions of former combatants in context, the section will
include a comparison of former combatants with civilians.
After the end of the war, ex-combatants were found to have
fewer assets, more injuries, and lower educational
attainment than civilians. After providing an overview of
the economic welfare of former combatants and civilians, an
analytical framework is developed in the third section that
will be used to understand the variation in economic
outcomes of former combatants. The framework will draw
connections between the varying degree to which war affects
individuals and communities to the post-war decisions and
processes that lead to differences in ex-combatants'
economic outcomes. In the fourth section, field data from
nine village case studies from three districts in Aceh will
be marshaled to place the analytical framework in the
context of Aceh. In particular, the framework and field data
suggest that the more limited physical and human capital
endowments constrained the choices of former combatants
since they had to maintain enough liquidity to meet their
consumption needs rather than being able to invest in more
productive activities. The fifth section will outline
various hypotheses that emerge from the analytical framework
as well as from the qualitative data and section six will
assess the various hypotheses on the statistical evidence
from the ARLS data. Thus, section six will provide a broad
assessment of the observable implications of the analytical
framework developed in sections three and four. In
particular, ex-combatants with fewer assets and a lack of
access to capital were more likely to have lower incomes and
to engage in quickly maturing, but lower return, economic
activities. The paper will conclude with an examination of
the implications of the findings for reintegration and
development policy in Aceh as well as for other post-war
contexts elsewhere. |
| format |
Working Paper |
| author |
Tajima, Yuhki |
| author_facet |
Tajima, Yuhki |
| author_sort |
Tajima, Yuhki |
| title |
Understanding the Livelihoods of Former Insurgents : Aceh, Indonesia |
| title_short |
Understanding the Livelihoods of Former Insurgents : Aceh, Indonesia |
| title_full |
Understanding the Livelihoods of Former Insurgents : Aceh, Indonesia |
| title_fullStr |
Understanding the Livelihoods of Former Insurgents : Aceh, Indonesia |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Understanding the Livelihoods of Former Insurgents : Aceh, Indonesia |
| title_sort |
understanding the livelihoods of former insurgents : aceh, indonesia |
| publisher |
World Bank, Jakarta |
| publishDate |
2017 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/804951468262794564/Understanding-the-livelihoods-of-former-insurgents-Aceh-Indonesia http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27784 |
| _version_ |
1764465132587450368 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-277842021-04-23T14:04:44Z Understanding the Livelihoods of Former Insurgents : Aceh, Indonesia Tajima, Yuhki ABUSES ACCOUNTING AGRICULTURE ARMED CONFLICT BANK LOANS BANKS BARRIERS TO ENTRY BASIC NEEDS BONDS BRIBE CAPITAL MARKETS CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES CHILD SOLDIERS CITIZENS CIVIL SOCIETY CIVIL WAR CIVIL WARS CIVILIAN POPULATION COMBATANTS CONFIDENCE CONFLICT RESOLUTION CONSTRAINT CONSUMPTION NEEDS COUNTERINSURGENCY COUNTERPARTS CURFEW CURFEWS DEATHS DECADES OF WAR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT AID DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS DONOR AGENCIES EARTHQUAKE ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC OUTCOMES ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC REINTEGRATION ECONOMIC RESOURCES ECONOMIC STATUS ECONOMICS LITERATURE EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELECTIONS EMBASSY ETHNIC CLEANSING EX-COMBATANT EX-COMBATANTS EXCOMBATANTS EXISTING RESOURCES EXPERIENCED VIOLENCE EXPORTS EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE EXTORTION FEMALE COMBATANTS FIGHTING FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS GDP GOVERNMENT CONTROL GOVERNMENT OFFICES GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS GOVERNMENT TROOPS GOVERNMENTAL POWER HOUSEHOLD ASSETS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RIGHT HUMAN RIGHTS ILLNESS INCOME INCOME LEVELS INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INCOME-GENERATION ACTIVITIES INDIVIDUAL INCOMES INITIATIVE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INVENTORY LABOR MARKET LACK OF KNOWLEDGE LARGE POPULATION LEADERSHIP LIQUIDITY LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIES LOBBYING LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL POPULATION LOTTERY This paper documents significant differences in the impacts the war in Aceh had on ex-combatants and civilians and how these differences shaped the post-war decision-making processes of their households. Because of the overwhelming percentage of the ex-combatant population in rural areas (over 90 percent), particular attention is paid to the agricultural sector. The second section provides summary statistics of former combatants' household and individual characteristics, and economic conditions. In order to place the economic conditions of former combatants in context, the section will include a comparison of former combatants with civilians. After the end of the war, ex-combatants were found to have fewer assets, more injuries, and lower educational attainment than civilians. After providing an overview of the economic welfare of former combatants and civilians, an analytical framework is developed in the third section that will be used to understand the variation in economic outcomes of former combatants. The framework will draw connections between the varying degree to which war affects individuals and communities to the post-war decisions and processes that lead to differences in ex-combatants' economic outcomes. In the fourth section, field data from nine village case studies from three districts in Aceh will be marshaled to place the analytical framework in the context of Aceh. In particular, the framework and field data suggest that the more limited physical and human capital endowments constrained the choices of former combatants since they had to maintain enough liquidity to meet their consumption needs rather than being able to invest in more productive activities. The fifth section will outline various hypotheses that emerge from the analytical framework as well as from the qualitative data and section six will assess the various hypotheses on the statistical evidence from the ARLS data. Thus, section six will provide a broad assessment of the observable implications of the analytical framework developed in sections three and four. In particular, ex-combatants with fewer assets and a lack of access to capital were more likely to have lower incomes and to engage in quickly maturing, but lower return, economic activities. The paper will conclude with an examination of the implications of the findings for reintegration and development policy in Aceh as well as for other post-war contexts elsewhere. 2017-08-14T20:42:55Z 2017-08-14T20:42:55Z 2010-07 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/804951468262794564/Understanding-the-livelihoods-of-former-insurgents-Aceh-Indonesia http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27784 English en_US Indonesian Social Development Paper;No. 17 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Jakarta Publications & Research :: Working Paper Publications & Research East Asia and Pacific Indonesia |