A City-Wide Approach to Carbon Finance

Urbanization and climate change will define much of the 21st century. Urbanization leads to improvement in standards of living, and through the increased density and service delivery efficiency of cities, higher growth can be achieved with lower gr...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	World Bank
Format:	Policy Note
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC 2017
Subjects:	ABSORPTION ACIDIFICATION AFFORESTATION AIR AIR CONDITIONING AIR POLLUTION AIR QUALITY ALTERNATIVE FUELS ALTERNATIVE ROUTES ANAEROBIC DIGESTION APPROACH ATMOSPHERE AUTOMOBILES BIOGAS BIOMASS BOILERS BUS BUS LANE BUS STATIONS BUS SYSTEM BUS TRANSPORT BUSES CALCULATION CARBON CARBON CAPTURE CARBON CONTENT CARBON CREDITS CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS CARBON EMISSIONS CARBON FINANCE CARBON FUELS CARBON MARKET CARBON MARKETS CARBON MONOXIDE CARBON NEUTRALITY CARBON SINK CARBON TECHNOLOGIES CARBON TRANSPORT CARS CERTIFIED EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS CH4 CHARCOAL PRODUCTION CITY TRANSPORTATION CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION CLIMATE SYSTEM CO CO2 COAL COAL OIL COMBUSTION COMPOSTING CONDITIONERS CONGESTION CONGESTION CHARGING CONGESTION MITIGATION CONGESTION REDUCTION CONGESTION RELIEF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS CONVERGENCE CYCLONES DEFORESTATION DIESEL DIESEL GENERATORS DISPOSABLE INCOME DISTRICT HEATING DRIVERS DRIVING DROUGHT EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS ELECTRICITY EMERGENCY RESPONSE EMISSION EMISSION ALLOWANCES EMISSION REDUCTION EMISSION REDUCTION COMMITMENTS EMISSION REDUCTION MEASURES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM EMISSION REDUCTION TARGETS EMISSION REDUCTIONS EMISSIONS EMISSIONS ANALYSIS EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION EMISSIONS FROM ENERGY EMISSIONS SCENARIO EMISSIONS TRADING PROGRAMS ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES ENERGY GENERATION ENERGY SOURCES ENERGY USE ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ETHANOL FERTILIZERS FINANCIAL INCENTIVES FINANCIAL SAVINGS FLEET MANAGEMENT FOREST FOREST MANAGEMENT FOSSIL FUEL FOSSIL FUELS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE FREIGHT FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL ECONOMY FUEL EFFICIENCY FUEL SWITCHING GASOLINE GHG GHGS GLOBAL EMISSIONS GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GASES GLOBAL WARMING GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTION GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION GREENHOUSE GASES GWP HEAT DEMAND HEATING SYSTEMS HIGHWAY HIGHWAY SYSTEM HYBRID VEHICLES HYDROFLUOROCARBONS INCINERATION INSPECTION IPCC LAND USE LAND USE CHANGE LAND USE PATTERNS LANDFILL LANDFILL GAS LANDFILLS LANES LOCAL AIR POLLUTION LOW-CARBON MARGINAL ABATEMENT MARGINAL ABATEMENT COST MASS RAPID TRANSIT MASS TRANSIT METHANE METHANE EMISSIONS MOBILITY MODAL SHIFT MODES OF TRAVEL N2O NATURAL GAS NEGATIVE IMPACTS NITROUS OXIDE NONMOTORIZED TRANSPORT ORGANIC WASTE OXYGEN PARTICULATE PARTICULATE MATTER PASSENGER TRANSPORT PEDESTRIAN PEDESTRIAN COMFORT PEDESTRIAN SAFETY PERFLUOROCARBONS PLASTICS POWER PLANTS POWER SUPPLY PRIMARY SOURCES PRIVATE VEHICLES PUBLIC SAFETY PUBLIC TRANSIT PUBLIC TRANSPORT PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION RAIL RAILWAY RAPID TRANSIT RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS REDUCTIONS IN CONGESTION RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES ROAD ROAD MAINTENANCE ROAD SPACE ROADS ROUTE SANITATION SF6 SINK SOLAR CELLS STREET LIGHTING STREETLIGHTS STREETS SUBURBAN SPRAWL SULPHUR TAXIS TEMPERATURE TIRES TOTAL EMISSIONS TRAFFIC TRAFFIC LIGHTS TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS TRAFFIC SIGNALS TRANSIT TRANSPORT TRANSPORT NETWORK TRANSPORT SECTOR TRANSPORT SECTOR EMISSIONS TRANSPORT SYSTEMS TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS TRAVEL TIME TRAVEL TIMES TRUCKS URBAN FORESTRY URBAN PLANNERS URBAN TRANSPORT VEHICLE VEHICLE FLEETS VEHICLE FUEL VEHICLE FUEL EFFICIENCY VEHICLE KILOMETERS VEHICLE OPERATING VEHICLE OPERATING COSTS VEHICLE REGISTRATION VEHICLE-KILOMETER VEHICLE-KILOMETERS VEHICLES WIND WIND POWER
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/389951468340161434/A-city-wide-approach-to-carbon-finance http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27573

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Summary:	Urbanization and climate change will define much of the 21st century. Urbanization leads to improvement in standards of living, and through the increased density and service delivery efficiency of cities, higher growth can be achieved with lower greenhouse gas emissions. Cities and urban agglomerations house more than 50 percent of the global population and contribute more than 70 percent of Global greenhouse (GHG) emissions. As the share of urban population grows, sustainable urban development emerges as an essential component in addressing climate change. Mitigation often comes at a significant cost. Carbon finance has an important role to play in reducing these costs. Carbon finance is accessible through regulated mechanisms, such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation (JI) under the Kyoto Protocol, and through voluntary markets, using the voluntary carbon standard and climate exchanges. City authorities, however, have not been able to fully access market mechanisms for carbon credits.

A City-Wide Approach to Carbon Finance

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