Fertility Decline in Nicaragua 1980-2006 : A Case Study

Nicaragua, a largely urban country (56 percent of the population lives in urban areas), is one of the least populous (5.53 million) and poorest countries in CentralAmerica. Following reforms in the 1980s, Nicaragua made remarkable progress in gende...

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Main Author:	World Bank
Format:	Report
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2017
Subjects:	ABORTION ABORTION LAWS ACCESS TO EDUCATION ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES ACCESS TO PRIMARY HEALTH CARE ADOLESCENT GIRLS ADOLESCENTS AVAILABILITY OF FAMILY PLANNING BASIC NUTRITION BIRTH CONTROL BIRTH RATES BREAST FEEDING CASH CROPS CHILD HEALTH CHILD MORTALITY CHILD MORTALITY RATE CHILD SURVIVAL CHILDREN PER WOMAN CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS COMPLICATIONS CONDOM CONDOM USE CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY CONTRACEPTIVE COMMODITIES CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD CONTRACEPTIVE OPTIONS CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE CONTRACEPTIVE SERVICES CONTRACEPTIVE SUPPLY CONTRACEPTIVE USE CULTURAL PRACTICES DEMAND FOR CONTRACEPTION DEVELOPMENT PLANS DISASTERS DISEASES DOMESTIC VIOLENCE DRUGS EDUCATED WOMEN EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EQUAL RIGHTS EQUAL RIGHTS FOR WOMEN EQUITABLE ACCESS FAMILY PLANNING FAMILY PLANNING CLIENTS FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALE STERILIZATION FEMININITY FEMINIST FERTILITY FERTILITY DECLINE FERTILITY RATE FIRST BIRTH FIRST INTERCOURSE FORMAL EDUCATION FREE CONTRACEPTIVES GENDER EQUITY GROSS NATIONAL INCOME HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE SERVICES HEALTH COALITION HEALTH EDUCATION HEALTH POLICIES HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SECTOR REFORM HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH WORKERS HOSPITAL HOUSEHOLD WORK HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RIGHT ILLITERACY IMMUNIZATIONS INDIGENOUS GROUPS INDIGENOUS PEOPLE INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INFANT MORTALITY RATE INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL WOMEN IUD LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LEGAL ABORTIONS LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIFE EXPECTANCY LIVE BIRTHS LOW-INCOME POPULATIONS LOWER FERTILITY MANAGEMENT OF POPULATION MARKET ECONOMY MASCULINITY MATERNAL MORTALITY DATA MATERNAL MORTALITY RATES MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO MATERNAL ROLE MEASLES METHOD OF CONTRACEPTION MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL MINISTRY OF HEALTH MODERN FAMILY MODERN FAMILY PLANNING MODERN FAMILY PLANNING METHODS MORTALITY DECLINE MOTHER MUTUAL RESPECT NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL POPULATION NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY NATURAL DISASTERS NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNING NEONATAL MORTALITY NUMBER OF BIRTHS NURSES NUTRITION OLDER AGE GROUPS PARENTHOOD FEDERATION PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN PHARMACIES POLICE FORCE POLITICAL TURMOIL POPULATION ACTION POPULATION ACTION INTERNATIONAL POPULATION COMMISSION POPULATION COUNCIL POPULATION DISTRIBUTION POPULOUS COUNTRIES PRACTITIONERS PREGNANCY PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SYSTEM PRIMARY HEALTH FACILITIES PRIMARY SCHOOL PROGRESS PSYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE PUBLIC EDUCATION PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM QUALITY OF LIFE RAPE REDUCING MATERNAL MORTALITY RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS REPLACEMENT LEVEL REPRODUCTIVE AGE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PROGRAM REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS RIGHT OF COUPLES RURAL AREAS RURAL WOMEN SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL ENROLMENT SECONDARY SCHOOLING SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE PROVISION SEX SEX EDUCATION SEXUAL VIOLENCE SEXUALITY SEXUALLY ACTIVE SITUATION OF WOMEN SOCIAL CHANGES SOCIAL CONDITIONS SOCIAL INEQUITY SOCIAL MARKETING SOCIAL POLICIES SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STATE UNIVERSITY TELEVISION THERAPEUTIC ABORTION THERAPEUTIC ABORTIONS UNFPA UNIONS UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND UNIVERSITY EDUCATION UNMARRIED ADOLESCENT UNPLANNED PREGNANCIES UNSAFE ABORTION UNWANTED PREGNANCIES URBAN AREAS URBAN WOMEN VIRGIN WAR WOMAN WORK FORCE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/276621468331832776/Fertility-decline-in-Nicaragua-1980-2006-a-case-study http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27495

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institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	ABORTION ABORTION LAWS ACCESS TO EDUCATION ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES ACCESS TO PRIMARY HEALTH CARE ADOLESCENT GIRLS ADOLESCENTS AVAILABILITY OF FAMILY PLANNING BASIC NUTRITION BIRTH CONTROL BIRTH RATES BREAST FEEDING CASH CROPS CHILD HEALTH CHILD MORTALITY CHILD MORTALITY RATE CHILD SURVIVAL CHILDREN PER WOMAN CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS COMPLICATIONS CONDOM CONDOM USE CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY CONTRACEPTIVE COMMODITIES CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD CONTRACEPTIVE OPTIONS CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE CONTRACEPTIVE SERVICES CONTRACEPTIVE SUPPLY CONTRACEPTIVE USE CULTURAL PRACTICES DEMAND FOR CONTRACEPTION DEVELOPMENT PLANS DISASTERS DISEASES DOMESTIC VIOLENCE DRUGS EDUCATED WOMEN EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EQUAL RIGHTS EQUAL RIGHTS FOR WOMEN EQUITABLE ACCESS FAMILY PLANNING FAMILY PLANNING CLIENTS FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALE STERILIZATION FEMININITY FEMINIST FERTILITY FERTILITY DECLINE FERTILITY RATE FIRST BIRTH FIRST INTERCOURSE FORMAL EDUCATION FREE CONTRACEPTIVES GENDER EQUITY GROSS NATIONAL INCOME HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE SERVICES HEALTH COALITION HEALTH EDUCATION HEALTH POLICIES HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SECTOR REFORM HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH WORKERS HOSPITAL HOUSEHOLD WORK HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RIGHT ILLITERACY IMMUNIZATIONS INDIGENOUS GROUPS INDIGENOUS PEOPLE INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INFANT MORTALITY RATE INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL WOMEN IUD LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LEGAL ABORTIONS LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIFE EXPECTANCY LIVE BIRTHS LOW-INCOME POPULATIONS LOWER FERTILITY MANAGEMENT OF POPULATION MARKET ECONOMY MASCULINITY MATERNAL MORTALITY DATA MATERNAL MORTALITY RATES MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO MATERNAL ROLE MEASLES METHOD OF CONTRACEPTION MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL MINISTRY OF HEALTH MODERN FAMILY MODERN FAMILY PLANNING MODERN FAMILY PLANNING METHODS MORTALITY DECLINE MOTHER MUTUAL RESPECT NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL POPULATION NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY NATURAL DISASTERS NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNING NEONATAL MORTALITY NUMBER OF BIRTHS NURSES NUTRITION OLDER AGE GROUPS PARENTHOOD FEDERATION PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN PHARMACIES POLICE FORCE POLITICAL TURMOIL POPULATION ACTION POPULATION ACTION INTERNATIONAL POPULATION COMMISSION POPULATION COUNCIL POPULATION DISTRIBUTION POPULOUS COUNTRIES PRACTITIONERS PREGNANCY PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SYSTEM PRIMARY HEALTH FACILITIES PRIMARY SCHOOL PROGRESS PSYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE PUBLIC EDUCATION PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM QUALITY OF LIFE RAPE REDUCING MATERNAL MORTALITY RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS REPLACEMENT LEVEL REPRODUCTIVE AGE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PROGRAM REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS RIGHT OF COUPLES RURAL AREAS RURAL WOMEN SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL ENROLMENT SECONDARY SCHOOLING SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE PROVISION SEX SEX EDUCATION SEXUAL VIOLENCE SEXUALITY SEXUALLY ACTIVE SITUATION OF WOMEN SOCIAL CHANGES SOCIAL CONDITIONS SOCIAL INEQUITY SOCIAL MARKETING SOCIAL POLICIES SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STATE UNIVERSITY TELEVISION THERAPEUTIC ABORTION THERAPEUTIC ABORTIONS UNFPA UNIONS UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND UNIVERSITY EDUCATION UNMARRIED ADOLESCENT UNPLANNED PREGNANCIES UNSAFE ABORTION UNWANTED PREGNANCIES URBAN AREAS URBAN WOMEN VIRGIN WAR WOMAN WORK FORCE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN
spellingShingle	ABORTION ABORTION LAWS ACCESS TO EDUCATION ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES ACCESS TO PRIMARY HEALTH CARE ADOLESCENT GIRLS ADOLESCENTS AVAILABILITY OF FAMILY PLANNING BASIC NUTRITION BIRTH CONTROL BIRTH RATES BREAST FEEDING CASH CROPS CHILD HEALTH CHILD MORTALITY CHILD MORTALITY RATE CHILD SURVIVAL CHILDREN PER WOMAN CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS COMPLICATIONS CONDOM CONDOM USE CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY CONTRACEPTIVE COMMODITIES CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD CONTRACEPTIVE OPTIONS CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE CONTRACEPTIVE SERVICES CONTRACEPTIVE SUPPLY CONTRACEPTIVE USE CULTURAL PRACTICES DEMAND FOR CONTRACEPTION DEVELOPMENT PLANS DISASTERS DISEASES DOMESTIC VIOLENCE DRUGS EDUCATED WOMEN EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EQUAL RIGHTS EQUAL RIGHTS FOR WOMEN EQUITABLE ACCESS FAMILY PLANNING FAMILY PLANNING CLIENTS FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALE STERILIZATION FEMININITY FEMINIST FERTILITY FERTILITY DECLINE FERTILITY RATE FIRST BIRTH FIRST INTERCOURSE FORMAL EDUCATION FREE CONTRACEPTIVES GENDER EQUITY GROSS NATIONAL INCOME HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE SERVICES HEALTH COALITION HEALTH EDUCATION HEALTH POLICIES HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SECTOR REFORM HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH WORKERS HOSPITAL HOUSEHOLD WORK HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RIGHT ILLITERACY IMMUNIZATIONS INDIGENOUS GROUPS INDIGENOUS PEOPLE INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INFANT MORTALITY RATE INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL WOMEN IUD LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LEGAL ABORTIONS LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIFE EXPECTANCY LIVE BIRTHS LOW-INCOME POPULATIONS LOWER FERTILITY MANAGEMENT OF POPULATION MARKET ECONOMY MASCULINITY MATERNAL MORTALITY DATA MATERNAL MORTALITY RATES MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO MATERNAL ROLE MEASLES METHOD OF CONTRACEPTION MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL MINISTRY OF HEALTH MODERN FAMILY MODERN FAMILY PLANNING MODERN FAMILY PLANNING METHODS MORTALITY DECLINE MOTHER MUTUAL RESPECT NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL POPULATION NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY NATURAL DISASTERS NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNING NEONATAL MORTALITY NUMBER OF BIRTHS NURSES NUTRITION OLDER AGE GROUPS PARENTHOOD FEDERATION PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN PHARMACIES POLICE FORCE POLITICAL TURMOIL POPULATION ACTION POPULATION ACTION INTERNATIONAL POPULATION COMMISSION POPULATION COUNCIL POPULATION DISTRIBUTION POPULOUS COUNTRIES PRACTITIONERS PREGNANCY PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SYSTEM PRIMARY HEALTH FACILITIES PRIMARY SCHOOL PROGRESS PSYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE PUBLIC EDUCATION PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM QUALITY OF LIFE RAPE REDUCING MATERNAL MORTALITY RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS REPLACEMENT LEVEL REPRODUCTIVE AGE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PROGRAM REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS RIGHT OF COUPLES RURAL AREAS RURAL WOMEN SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL ENROLMENT SECONDARY SCHOOLING SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE PROVISION SEX SEX EDUCATION SEXUAL VIOLENCE SEXUALITY SEXUALLY ACTIVE SITUATION OF WOMEN SOCIAL CHANGES SOCIAL CONDITIONS SOCIAL INEQUITY SOCIAL MARKETING SOCIAL POLICIES SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STATE UNIVERSITY TELEVISION THERAPEUTIC ABORTION THERAPEUTIC ABORTIONS UNFPA UNIONS UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND UNIVERSITY EDUCATION UNMARRIED ADOLESCENT UNPLANNED PREGNANCIES UNSAFE ABORTION UNWANTED PREGNANCIES URBAN AREAS URBAN WOMEN VIRGIN WAR WOMAN WORK FORCE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN World Bank Fertility Decline in Nicaragua 1980-2006 : A Case Study
geographic_facet	Latin America & Caribbean Nicaragua
description	Nicaragua, a largely urban country (56 percent of the population lives in urban areas), is one of the least populous (5.53 million) and poorest countries in CentralAmerica. Following reforms in the 1980s, Nicaragua made remarkable progress in gender equity in education and the labor force, while the wide availability of primary health care initiated in the 1970's, including family planning services, led to improvements in infant and child mortality rates. Several lessons emerge from Nicaragua's success at reducing fertility. The government was committed to gender equity and female empowerment through educating girls and women and recruiting women into the labor force. Family planning services were provided within a well functioning primary health care system, including an extensive, efficient contraceptive distribution network that works with international donors, and international and national Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) to offer women a good mix of options. Demand must be created through a timely public education campaign. Success requires civic engagement with stakeholders, which may initially mean avoiding unnecessary confrontation and publicity of services for addressing the concerns of more conservative stakeholders.
format	Report
author	World Bank
author_facet	World Bank
author_sort	World Bank
title	Fertility Decline in Nicaragua 1980-2006 : A Case Study
title_short	Fertility Decline in Nicaragua 1980-2006 : A Case Study
title_full	Fertility Decline in Nicaragua 1980-2006 : A Case Study
title_fullStr	Fertility Decline in Nicaragua 1980-2006 : A Case Study
title_full_unstemmed	Fertility Decline in Nicaragua 1980-2006 : A Case Study
title_sort	fertility decline in nicaragua 1980-2006 : a case study
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2017
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/276621468331832776/Fertility-decline-in-Nicaragua-1980-2006-a-case-study http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27495
_version_	1764464561189027840
spelling	okr-10986-274952021-04-23T14:04:42Z Fertility Decline in Nicaragua 1980-2006 : A Case Study World Bank ABORTION ABORTION LAWS ACCESS TO EDUCATION ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES ACCESS TO PRIMARY HEALTH CARE ADOLESCENT GIRLS ADOLESCENTS AVAILABILITY OF FAMILY PLANNING BASIC NUTRITION BIRTH CONTROL BIRTH RATES BREAST FEEDING CASH CROPS CHILD HEALTH CHILD MORTALITY CHILD MORTALITY RATE CHILD SURVIVAL CHILDREN PER WOMAN CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS COMPLICATIONS CONDOM CONDOM USE CONTRACEPTIVE AVAILABILITY CONTRACEPTIVE COMMODITIES CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD CONTRACEPTIVE OPTIONS CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE CONTRACEPTIVE SERVICES CONTRACEPTIVE SUPPLY CONTRACEPTIVE USE CULTURAL PRACTICES DEMAND FOR CONTRACEPTION DEVELOPMENT PLANS DISASTERS DISEASES DOMESTIC VIOLENCE DRUGS EDUCATED WOMEN EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EQUAL RIGHTS EQUAL RIGHTS FOR WOMEN EQUITABLE ACCESS FAMILY PLANNING FAMILY PLANNING CLIENTS FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALE STERILIZATION FEMININITY FEMINIST FERTILITY FERTILITY DECLINE FERTILITY RATE FIRST BIRTH FIRST INTERCOURSE FORMAL EDUCATION FREE CONTRACEPTIVES GENDER EQUITY GROSS NATIONAL INCOME HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE SERVICES HEALTH COALITION HEALTH EDUCATION HEALTH POLICIES HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SECTOR REFORM HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH WORKERS HOSPITAL HOUSEHOLD WORK HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RIGHT ILLITERACY IMMUNIZATIONS INDIGENOUS GROUPS INDIGENOUS PEOPLE INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INFANT MORTALITY RATE INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL WOMEN IUD LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LEGAL ABORTIONS LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIFE EXPECTANCY LIVE BIRTHS LOW-INCOME POPULATIONS LOWER FERTILITY MANAGEMENT OF POPULATION MARKET ECONOMY MASCULINITY MATERNAL MORTALITY DATA MATERNAL MORTALITY RATES MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO MATERNAL ROLE MEASLES METHOD OF CONTRACEPTION MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL MINISTRY OF HEALTH MODERN FAMILY MODERN FAMILY PLANNING MODERN FAMILY PLANNING METHODS MORTALITY DECLINE MOTHER MUTUAL RESPECT NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL POPULATION NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY NATURAL DISASTERS NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNING NEONATAL MORTALITY NUMBER OF BIRTHS NURSES NUTRITION OLDER AGE GROUPS PARENTHOOD FEDERATION PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN PHARMACIES POLICE FORCE POLITICAL TURMOIL POPULATION ACTION POPULATION ACTION INTERNATIONAL POPULATION COMMISSION POPULATION COUNCIL POPULATION DISTRIBUTION POPULOUS COUNTRIES PRACTITIONERS PREGNANCY PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SYSTEM PRIMARY HEALTH FACILITIES PRIMARY SCHOOL PROGRESS PSYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE PUBLIC EDUCATION PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM QUALITY OF LIFE RAPE REDUCING MATERNAL MORTALITY RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS REPLACEMENT LEVEL REPRODUCTIVE AGE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PROGRAM REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS RIGHT OF COUPLES RURAL AREAS RURAL WOMEN SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL ENROLMENT SECONDARY SCHOOLING SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE PROVISION SEX SEX EDUCATION SEXUAL VIOLENCE SEXUALITY SEXUALLY ACTIVE SITUATION OF WOMEN SOCIAL CHANGES SOCIAL CONDITIONS SOCIAL INEQUITY SOCIAL MARKETING SOCIAL POLICIES SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STATE UNIVERSITY TELEVISION THERAPEUTIC ABORTION THERAPEUTIC ABORTIONS UNFPA UNIONS UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND UNIVERSITY EDUCATION UNMARRIED ADOLESCENT UNPLANNED PREGNANCIES UNSAFE ABORTION UNWANTED PREGNANCIES URBAN AREAS URBAN WOMEN VIRGIN WAR WOMAN WORK FORCE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN Nicaragua, a largely urban country (56 percent of the population lives in urban areas), is one of the least populous (5.53 million) and poorest countries in CentralAmerica. Following reforms in the 1980s, Nicaragua made remarkable progress in gender equity in education and the labor force, while the wide availability of primary health care initiated in the 1970's, including family planning services, led to improvements in infant and child mortality rates. Several lessons emerge from Nicaragua's success at reducing fertility. The government was committed to gender equity and female empowerment through educating girls and women and recruiting women into the labor force. Family planning services were provided within a well functioning primary health care system, including an extensive, efficient contraceptive distribution network that works with international donors, and international and national Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) to offer women a good mix of options. Demand must be created through a timely public education campaign. Success requires civic engagement with stakeholders, which may initially mean avoiding unnecessary confrontation and publicity of services for addressing the concerns of more conservative stakeholders. 2017-06-30T15:45:26Z 2017-06-30T15:45:26Z 2010-05 Report http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/276621468331832776/Fertility-decline-in-Nicaragua-1980-2006-a-case-study http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27495 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work :: Other Health Study Economic & Sector Work Latin America & Caribbean Nicaragua

Fertility Decline in Nicaragua 1980-2006 : A Case Study

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