A Break with History : Fifteen Years of Inequality Reduction in Latin America

A Break with History : Fifteen Years of Inequality Reduction in Latin America

In 2004 the World Bank released a regional report titled 'Inequality in Latin America: Breaking with History?' Analyzing data from the early 1990s to the early 2000s, a period in which many countries in the region were experiencing increa...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	World Bank
Format:	Other Poverty Study
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank 2012
Subjects:	ACCESS TO EDUCATION ADVERSE IMPACTS ANDEAN REGION ANNUAL CHANGE ANNUAL RATE ANNUALIZED % CHANGE BASIC FOOD BASKET CARIBBEAN REGION CASH TRANSFERS CHRONIC POVERTY COUNTERFACTUAL DATA COLLECTION DECLINING INEQUALITY DEMAND-SIDE DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DISPOSABLE INCOME DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACT DOWNWARD BIAS ELASTICITY EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EQUAL DISTRIBUTION EQUALIZING EFFECT EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION EXOGENOUS SHOCKS EXTREME POVERTY EXTREME POVERTY LINE FARMING ACTIVITIES FEMALE PARTICIPATION FOOD BASKET FOOD PRICES GINI COEFFICIENT GINI INDEX GROSS INCOME HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD PER CAPITA INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMPACTS ON POVERTY INCOME DATA INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVELS INCOME POVERTY INCOME QUINTILE INCOME QUINTILES INCOME SHARE INCOME SOURCE INCOME SOURCES INCOMES INCOMES AT THE TOP OF THE DISTRIBUTION INCREASING INEQUALITY INEQUALITY INEQUALITY CHANGES INEQUALITY MEASURES INEQUALITY REDUCTION INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT INSURANCE INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR INCOME LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LIFE EXPECTANCY MALNUTRITION MARKET INCOME MEAN LOG DEVIATION MEDIUM LEVELS MIDDLE CLASS MONETARY TRANSFERS NATIONAL POVERTY NATIONAL POVERTY LINE NET EFFECT NET IMPACT PENSIONS PERSISTENT INEQUALITY POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR POOR CHILDREN POOR RURAL HOUSEHOLDS POSITIVE IMPACT POVERTY GAP POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY INCREASES POVERTY INDEX POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIVATE TRANSFERS PROGRAMS PUBLIC TRANSFERS QUESTIONNAIRES REDUCING INEQUALITY REDUCING POVERTY REDUCTION OF INEQUALITY REGIONAL REPORT REPEATED SHOCKS RISING INEQUALITY RURAL RURAL POOR RURAL POVERTY SAFETY NET SAFETY NET SYSTEMS SAFETY NETS SANITATION SCHOOLING SECTORAL COMPOSITION SKILL PREMIUM SKILLED EMPLOYMENT SKILLED LABOR SKILLED WORKERS SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SUB-REGIONS SUBREGIONS SURVEY DESIGN TARGETING TAXATION UNEMPLOYMENT VULNERABLE GROUPS WAGE INEQUALITY WAGES WELFARE MEASURES WELL-BEING
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000356161_20110421005612 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2747

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Summary:	In 2004 the World Bank released a regional report titled 'Inequality in Latin America: Breaking with History?' Analyzing data from the early 1990s to the early 2000s, a period in which many countries in the region were experiencing increasing inequality, this study raised the question of whether Latin America could reverse its historical pattern of high and persistent inequality. The report concluded that although not easy, breaking with history was more than ever possible in the region. An additional decade of data presented in this brief shows that it was possible, mainly due to changes in labor markets (including a reduction in educational inequality and the skill premia, and greater female labor force participation), a higher incidence of government transfers, and additional factors such as demographic changes. The decrease in inequality is driven mostly by improvements in labor income, particularly a reduction in skill premiums, reflecting improved access to education as well as other factors. In contrast to the recent Latin American trends, Asia is witnessing rising inequality, pushed up by China and India - where income has traditionally been more equal. However, inequality remains very high in Latin America, with levels significantly above other middle income countries. As Latin America enters a new decade, it does so knowing that inequality reduction is possible in the region.

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