Is Reintegration Still Worth Doing Eight Years After the Ceasefire? : Situational Analysis of Ex-Combatants in the Pool Region, Republic of Congo
Although official warfare in the Republic of Congo stopped more than eight years ago, the pool region has continued to feel the collateral effects of war until now at a scale largely ignored by the general public. The pool region is where the Ninja...
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| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2017
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/701191468032676159/Is-reintegration-still-worth-doing-eight-years-after-the-ceasefire-Situational-analysis-of-ex-combatants-in-the-pool-region-Republic-of-Congo http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27325 |
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okr-10986-27325 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ABUSE AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ALLIANCES ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ATROCITIES BOUNDARIES BOYCOTT CHILD SOLDIERS CIVIL WAR CIVILIAN POPULATION CONFLICT CONFLICT RESOLUTION CRIME DAILY WAGE DEMOBILIZATION DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS DISARMAMENT DISSEMINATION DISTRICTS DRINKING WATER ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC REINTEGRATION ELECTIONS EX-COMBATANT EXPLOITATION EXTERNAL INTERVENTION FAMILY MEMBERS FARMERS FEMALE FEMALE COMBATANTS FIGHTING FLAG FOOD SUPPLIES GUERRILLAS HEALTH CENTERS HOMES HOSPITAL HOSTAGE HOUSEHOLDS HOUSES HOUSING HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE HUMANITARIAN PROGRAMS ILLNESSES IMMIGRATION INHABITANTS INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION INTRAREGIONAL DISPARITIES LANDOWNER LEGAL STATUS LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL COMMUNITIES LOCAL MECHANISMS LOCAL POPULATION LOCALITIES MEAT MEETING MICRO-PROJECT MILITIA MISUNDERSTANDING MOTHER NATIONS NATIVES NEIGHBORHOOD NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION NURSE OCCUPATION PEACE PEACE AGREEMENTS POLICE POLITICAL OPPOSITION POLITICAL PARTIES POLITICAL PARTY POLITICAL VIOLENCE POPULAR MOVEMENT PRESIDENTIAL DECREE QUALITATIVE DATA RAPES RECENT IMMIGRANTS RECONSTRUCTION REGIONAL DISPARITY REGIONAL VARIATION REHABILITATION RELIGIOUS LEADERS RENTING ROAD RURAL AREAS SCHOOL YEAR SECURITY FORCES SECURITY SITUATION SETTLERS SOCIAL CHANGE SOCIAL REINTEGRATION SOLDIER SPOUSE SQUATTERS TORTURE TOWNS UNDP URBAN CENTER VILLAGE CHIEFS VILLAGES VIOLENCE WAR WARFARE WARS WEAPON WOMAN YOUNG MEN YOUTH |
| spellingShingle |
ABUSE AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ALLIANCES ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ATROCITIES BOUNDARIES BOYCOTT CHILD SOLDIERS CIVIL WAR CIVILIAN POPULATION CONFLICT CONFLICT RESOLUTION CRIME DAILY WAGE DEMOBILIZATION DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS DISARMAMENT DISSEMINATION DISTRICTS DRINKING WATER ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC REINTEGRATION ELECTIONS EX-COMBATANT EXPLOITATION EXTERNAL INTERVENTION FAMILY MEMBERS FARMERS FEMALE FEMALE COMBATANTS FIGHTING FLAG FOOD SUPPLIES GUERRILLAS HEALTH CENTERS HOMES HOSPITAL HOSTAGE HOUSEHOLDS HOUSES HOUSING HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE HUMANITARIAN PROGRAMS ILLNESSES IMMIGRATION INHABITANTS INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION INTRAREGIONAL DISPARITIES LANDOWNER LEGAL STATUS LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL COMMUNITIES LOCAL MECHANISMS LOCAL POPULATION LOCALITIES MEAT MEETING MICRO-PROJECT MILITIA MISUNDERSTANDING MOTHER NATIONS NATIVES NEIGHBORHOOD NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION NURSE OCCUPATION PEACE PEACE AGREEMENTS POLICE POLITICAL OPPOSITION POLITICAL PARTIES POLITICAL PARTY POLITICAL VIOLENCE POPULAR MOVEMENT PRESIDENTIAL DECREE QUALITATIVE DATA RAPES RECENT IMMIGRANTS RECONSTRUCTION REGIONAL DISPARITY REGIONAL VARIATION REHABILITATION RELIGIOUS LEADERS RENTING ROAD RURAL AREAS SCHOOL YEAR SECURITY FORCES SECURITY SITUATION SETTLERS SOCIAL CHANGE SOCIAL REINTEGRATION SOLDIER SPOUSE SQUATTERS TORTURE TOWNS UNDP URBAN CENTER VILLAGE CHIEFS VILLAGES VIOLENCE WAR WARFARE WARS WEAPON WOMAN YOUNG MEN YOUTH Chelpi-den Hamer, Magali Is Reintegration Still Worth Doing Eight Years After the Ceasefire? : Situational Analysis of Ex-Combatants in the Pool Region, Republic of Congo |
| geographic_facet |
Africa Congo, Republic of |
| description |
Although official warfare in the
Republic of Congo stopped more than eight years ago, the
pool region has continued to feel the collateral effects of
war until now at a scale largely ignored by the general
public. The pool region is where the Ninjas, a group of
local militias, originated during the civil strife and
retreated to afterwards. Peace and recovery did not gain
traction in the area until 2010/11. Key findings of this
analysis of the disarmament, demobilization and
reintegration (DDR) process include: The lack of a public
security presence: the pool region has largely been deprived
of public security forces over the past thirteen years
(1998-2010), which led to power abuse. Until recently,
several Ninja bases remained throughout the pool region, led
by free-riding commanders operating independently of any
official Ninja structure. The recognition of intra-regional
disparity: warfare affected localities very differently.
While the southern districts have been calm for the past
eight years, abuse was regularly reported along the railroad
prior to 2011. The economic situation of ex-combatants:
There have been many self-demobilizations in the past
decade, and many ex-combatants have already learned to cope.
The heterogeneity of ex-combatants: ex-combatants do not
constitute a homogeneous group. Therefore, their
reintegration needs differ. The consulting team developed a
typology to help understand the profiles of all
ex-combatants. Non-targeted assistance: the consulting team
recommends pairing recent governmental disarmament
operations with community driven reconstruction programming
to provide closure to the population affected by the war.
The main focus of programming should be to reenergize local
economies destroyed by the war, especially medium-scale
agriculture and animal husbandry, and to open up the region
to development. The objective of this study was to analyze
the extent of reintegration of ex-combatants in the pool
region and to formulate recommendations for potential future action. |
| format |
Working Paper |
| author |
Chelpi-den Hamer, Magali |
| author_facet |
Chelpi-den Hamer, Magali |
| author_sort |
Chelpi-den Hamer, Magali |
| title |
Is Reintegration Still Worth Doing Eight Years After the Ceasefire? : Situational Analysis of Ex-Combatants in the Pool Region, Republic of Congo |
| title_short |
Is Reintegration Still Worth Doing Eight Years After the Ceasefire? : Situational Analysis of Ex-Combatants in the Pool Region, Republic of Congo |
| title_full |
Is Reintegration Still Worth Doing Eight Years After the Ceasefire? : Situational Analysis of Ex-Combatants in the Pool Region, Republic of Congo |
| title_fullStr |
Is Reintegration Still Worth Doing Eight Years After the Ceasefire? : Situational Analysis of Ex-Combatants in the Pool Region, Republic of Congo |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Is Reintegration Still Worth Doing Eight Years After the Ceasefire? : Situational Analysis of Ex-Combatants in the Pool Region, Republic of Congo |
| title_sort |
is reintegration still worth doing eight years after the ceasefire? : situational analysis of ex-combatants in the pool region, republic of congo |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2017 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/701191468032676159/Is-reintegration-still-worth-doing-eight-years-after-the-ceasefire-Situational-analysis-of-ex-combatants-in-the-pool-region-Republic-of-Congo http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27325 |
| _version_ |
1764464158189813760 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-273252021-04-23T14:04:42Z Is Reintegration Still Worth Doing Eight Years After the Ceasefire? : Situational Analysis of Ex-Combatants in the Pool Region, Republic of Congo Chelpi-den Hamer, Magali ABUSE AGRICULTURAL LAND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ALLIANCES ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ATROCITIES BOUNDARIES BOYCOTT CHILD SOLDIERS CIVIL WAR CIVILIAN POPULATION CONFLICT CONFLICT RESOLUTION CRIME DAILY WAGE DEMOBILIZATION DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS DISARMAMENT DISSEMINATION DISTRICTS DRINKING WATER ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC REINTEGRATION ELECTIONS EX-COMBATANT EXPLOITATION EXTERNAL INTERVENTION FAMILY MEMBERS FARMERS FEMALE FEMALE COMBATANTS FIGHTING FLAG FOOD SUPPLIES GUERRILLAS HEALTH CENTERS HOMES HOSPITAL HOSTAGE HOUSEHOLDS HOUSES HOUSING HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE HUMANITARIAN PROGRAMS ILLNESSES IMMIGRATION INHABITANTS INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION INTRAREGIONAL DISPARITIES LANDOWNER LEGAL STATUS LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL COMMUNITIES LOCAL MECHANISMS LOCAL POPULATION LOCALITIES MEAT MEETING MICRO-PROJECT MILITIA MISUNDERSTANDING MOTHER NATIONS NATIVES NEIGHBORHOOD NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION NURSE OCCUPATION PEACE PEACE AGREEMENTS POLICE POLITICAL OPPOSITION POLITICAL PARTIES POLITICAL PARTY POLITICAL VIOLENCE POPULAR MOVEMENT PRESIDENTIAL DECREE QUALITATIVE DATA RAPES RECENT IMMIGRANTS RECONSTRUCTION REGIONAL DISPARITY REGIONAL VARIATION REHABILITATION RELIGIOUS LEADERS RENTING ROAD RURAL AREAS SCHOOL YEAR SECURITY FORCES SECURITY SITUATION SETTLERS SOCIAL CHANGE SOCIAL REINTEGRATION SOLDIER SPOUSE SQUATTERS TORTURE TOWNS UNDP URBAN CENTER VILLAGE CHIEFS VILLAGES VIOLENCE WAR WARFARE WARS WEAPON WOMAN YOUNG MEN YOUTH Although official warfare in the Republic of Congo stopped more than eight years ago, the pool region has continued to feel the collateral effects of war until now at a scale largely ignored by the general public. The pool region is where the Ninjas, a group of local militias, originated during the civil strife and retreated to afterwards. Peace and recovery did not gain traction in the area until 2010/11. Key findings of this analysis of the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) process include: The lack of a public security presence: the pool region has largely been deprived of public security forces over the past thirteen years (1998-2010), which led to power abuse. Until recently, several Ninja bases remained throughout the pool region, led by free-riding commanders operating independently of any official Ninja structure. The recognition of intra-regional disparity: warfare affected localities very differently. While the southern districts have been calm for the past eight years, abuse was regularly reported along the railroad prior to 2011. The economic situation of ex-combatants: There have been many self-demobilizations in the past decade, and many ex-combatants have already learned to cope. The heterogeneity of ex-combatants: ex-combatants do not constitute a homogeneous group. Therefore, their reintegration needs differ. The consulting team developed a typology to help understand the profiles of all ex-combatants. Non-targeted assistance: the consulting team recommends pairing recent governmental disarmament operations with community driven reconstruction programming to provide closure to the population affected by the war. The main focus of programming should be to reenergize local economies destroyed by the war, especially medium-scale agriculture and animal husbandry, and to open up the region to development. The objective of this study was to analyze the extent of reintegration of ex-combatants in the pool region and to formulate recommendations for potential future action. 2017-06-27T15:53:48Z 2017-06-27T15:53:48Z 2011 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/701191468032676159/Is-reintegration-still-worth-doing-eight-years-after-the-ceasefire-Situational-analysis-of-ex-combatants-in-the-pool-region-Republic-of-Congo http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27325 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Working Paper Publications & Research Africa Congo, Republic of |