Linking Gender, Environment, and Poverty for Sustainable Development : A Synthesis Report on Ethiopia and Ghana

Poverty, environment, social development, and gender are important cross-cutting themes of the World Bank and government investment programs, especially within the Sustainable Development Network (SDN). For developing sectoral strategies and progra...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: World Bank
Format: Pre-2003 Economic or Sector Report
Language:English
Published: Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:
OIL
SEX
Online Access:http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000386194_20120216235818
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2725
id okr-10986-2725
recordtype oai_dc
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution Digital Repositories
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection World Bank
language English
topic ACCESS TO EDUCATION
ADULT LITERACY
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION
ARMED CONFLICT
BANKS
BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE
CASH CROP
CASH CROPS
CITIZEN
CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS
CIVIL WAR
CLIMATE CHANGE
COMMON PROPERTY
COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
CREDIT COOPERATIVES
DECISION MAKING
DEFORESTATION
DEGREE OF GENDER DISPARITY
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPMENT BANK
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
DEVELOPMENT POLICY
DISEASES
DISSEMINATION
DIVERSIFICATION
DIVISION OF LABOR
DRINKING WATER
ECOLOGY
ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
ECONOMIC CAPACITIES
ECONOMIC CHANGE
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
ECONOMIC RESOURCES
ECONOMICS
ENDOWMENTS
ENVIRONMENT INTERRELATIONSHIPS
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
ENVIRONMENTS
EQUITABLE ACCESS
ETHNIC GROUP
ETHNIC GROUPS
EXPENDITURE
FAMILY WELFARE
FARMER
FARMERS
FARMS
FERTILITY
FERTILITY RATE
FISH
FISHERS
FISHING
FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS
FOOD INSECURITY
FOOD SECURITY
FOOD SHORTAGES
FOREST MANAGEMENT
FORESTRY
FUTURE GENERATIONS
GENDER
GENDER DISPARITIES
GENDER DISPARITY
GENDER EQUALITY
GENDER INEQUALITIES
GENDER INEQUALITY
GENDER ISSUES
GENDER MAINSTREAMING
GENDER RELATIONS
GENDER ROLES
GREATER ACCESS
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
GROSS NATIONAL INCOME
HARMFUL TRADITIONAL PRACTICES
HEALTH CARE
HEALTH SERVICES
HOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITY
HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
HOUSEHOLDS
HUSBAND
HUSBANDS
ILLITERACY
INCIDENCE OF POVERTY
INCOME-GENERATION ACTIVITIES
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
INFANT
INFANT MORTALITY
INFORMAL SAVING
INHERITANCE
INTERNATIONAL BANK
JOB CREATION
KEY CHALLENGES
LABOR MARKET
LACK OF ACCESS
LACK OF FOOD
LAND ADMINISTRATION
LAND DEGRADATION
LAND RIGHTS
LAND TENURE
LAND USE
LEGAL STATUS
LEVEL OF POVERTY
LIVE BIRTHS
LIVING STANDARDS
LOCAL COMMUNITIES
LOGGING
MALARIA
MATERNAL MORTALITY
MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO
MIGRANT
MIGRATION
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL
MINORITY
MORTALITY RATE
NATIONAL ACTION
NATIONAL ACTION PLAN
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
NATIONAL GOVERNMENT
NATIONAL INCOME
NATIONAL POLICY
NATURAL DISASTERS
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
NATURAL RESOURCE
NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
NATURAL RESOURCES
NUTRITION
OIL
OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN
OVERPOPULATION
PARTICIPATION IN DECISION
PASTURES
PERCEPTIONS OF GENDER
POLICY DECISIONS
POLICY DEVELOPMENT
POLICY FORMULATION
POLITICAL ECONOMY
POPULATION PRESSURE
PRACTITIONERS
PRIMARY EDUCATION
PRIMARY SCHOOL
PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE
PRODUCERS
PRODUCTION COSTS
PRODUCTIVE RESOURCES
PROGRESS
PUBLIC GOOD
QUALITY OF LIFE
RADIO
RANGELANDS
REDUCING EMISSIONS
REFRIGERATION
RESOURCE ALLOCATION
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
RESPONSIBILITIES OF MEN
RURAL AREAS
RURAL COMMUNITIES
RURAL DEVELOPMENT
RURAL GIRLS
RURAL POPULATIONS
RURAL RESIDENTS
SAFE DRINKING WATER
SAFETY NET
SAFETY NETS
SANITATION
SAVINGS
SCARCITIES
SECONDARY SCHOOL
SECONDARY SCHOOLS
SEX
SMALLHOLDER
SOCIAL CONDITIONS
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
SOCIAL IMPACT
SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
SOCIAL NETWORKS
SOCIAL NORMS
SOCIAL SERVICES
SOCIAL SYSTEMS
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
SOIL DEGRADATION
SOIL EROSION
SPECIES
STATUS OF WOMEN
STREAMS
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT POLICIES
TABOO
TECHNICAL SUPPORT
TIMBER
TRADITIONAL PRACTICES
TRANSPORTATION
URBAN AREAS
URBAN CENTERS
URBAN MIGRATION
VILLAGE
VULNERABILITY
WATER RESOURCES
WELFARE GAINS
WOMAN
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
YOUNG POPULATIONS
YOUNG WOMEN
spellingShingle ACCESS TO EDUCATION
ADULT LITERACY
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION
ARMED CONFLICT
BANKS
BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE
CASH CROP
CASH CROPS
CITIZEN
CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS
CIVIL WAR
CLIMATE CHANGE
COMMON PROPERTY
COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
CREDIT COOPERATIVES
DECISION MAKING
DEFORESTATION
DEGREE OF GENDER DISPARITY
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPMENT BANK
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
DEVELOPMENT POLICY
DISEASES
DISSEMINATION
DIVERSIFICATION
DIVISION OF LABOR
DRINKING WATER
ECOLOGY
ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
ECONOMIC CAPACITIES
ECONOMIC CHANGE
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
ECONOMIC RESOURCES
ECONOMICS
ENDOWMENTS
ENVIRONMENT INTERRELATIONSHIPS
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
ENVIRONMENTS
EQUITABLE ACCESS
ETHNIC GROUP
ETHNIC GROUPS
EXPENDITURE
FAMILY WELFARE
FARMER
FARMERS
FARMS
FERTILITY
FERTILITY RATE
FISH
FISHERS
FISHING
FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS
FOOD INSECURITY
FOOD SECURITY
FOOD SHORTAGES
FOREST MANAGEMENT
FORESTRY
FUTURE GENERATIONS
GENDER
GENDER DISPARITIES
GENDER DISPARITY
GENDER EQUALITY
GENDER INEQUALITIES
GENDER INEQUALITY
GENDER ISSUES
GENDER MAINSTREAMING
GENDER RELATIONS
GENDER ROLES
GREATER ACCESS
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
GROSS NATIONAL INCOME
HARMFUL TRADITIONAL PRACTICES
HEALTH CARE
HEALTH SERVICES
HOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITY
HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
HOUSEHOLDS
HUSBAND
HUSBANDS
ILLITERACY
INCIDENCE OF POVERTY
INCOME-GENERATION ACTIVITIES
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
INFANT
INFANT MORTALITY
INFORMAL SAVING
INHERITANCE
INTERNATIONAL BANK
JOB CREATION
KEY CHALLENGES
LABOR MARKET
LACK OF ACCESS
LACK OF FOOD
LAND ADMINISTRATION
LAND DEGRADATION
LAND RIGHTS
LAND TENURE
LAND USE
LEGAL STATUS
LEVEL OF POVERTY
LIVE BIRTHS
LIVING STANDARDS
LOCAL COMMUNITIES
LOGGING
MALARIA
MATERNAL MORTALITY
MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO
MIGRANT
MIGRATION
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL
MINORITY
MORTALITY RATE
NATIONAL ACTION
NATIONAL ACTION PLAN
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
NATIONAL GOVERNMENT
NATIONAL INCOME
NATIONAL POLICY
NATURAL DISASTERS
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
NATURAL RESOURCE
NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
NATURAL RESOURCES
NUTRITION
OIL
OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN
OVERPOPULATION
PARTICIPATION IN DECISION
PASTURES
PERCEPTIONS OF GENDER
POLICY DECISIONS
POLICY DEVELOPMENT
POLICY FORMULATION
POLITICAL ECONOMY
POPULATION PRESSURE
PRACTITIONERS
PRIMARY EDUCATION
PRIMARY SCHOOL
PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE
PRODUCERS
PRODUCTION COSTS
PRODUCTIVE RESOURCES
PROGRESS
PUBLIC GOOD
QUALITY OF LIFE
RADIO
RANGELANDS
REDUCING EMISSIONS
REFRIGERATION
RESOURCE ALLOCATION
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
RESPONSIBILITIES OF MEN
RURAL AREAS
RURAL COMMUNITIES
RURAL DEVELOPMENT
RURAL GIRLS
RURAL POPULATIONS
RURAL RESIDENTS
SAFE DRINKING WATER
SAFETY NET
SAFETY NETS
SANITATION
SAVINGS
SCARCITIES
SECONDARY SCHOOL
SECONDARY SCHOOLS
SEX
SMALLHOLDER
SOCIAL CONDITIONS
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
SOCIAL IMPACT
SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
SOCIAL NETWORKS
SOCIAL NORMS
SOCIAL SERVICES
SOCIAL SYSTEMS
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
SOIL DEGRADATION
SOIL EROSION
SPECIES
STATUS OF WOMEN
STREAMS
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT POLICIES
TABOO
TECHNICAL SUPPORT
TIMBER
TRADITIONAL PRACTICES
TRANSPORTATION
URBAN AREAS
URBAN CENTERS
URBAN MIGRATION
VILLAGE
VULNERABILITY
WATER RESOURCES
WELFARE GAINS
WOMAN
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
YOUNG POPULATIONS
YOUNG WOMEN
World Bank
Linking Gender, Environment, and Poverty for Sustainable Development : A Synthesis Report on Ethiopia and Ghana
geographic_facet Ethiopia
Ghana
description Poverty, environment, social development, and gender are important cross-cutting themes of the World Bank and government investment programs, especially within the Sustainable Development Network (SDN). For developing sectoral strategies and programs, economic, environment and social assessments are undertaken, however, these are usually done separately, and most often gender issues are not included. This is a missed opportunity, because joint assessments can map the links between gender, environment, and poverty and help identify approaches that can accelerate the positive synergy and better social/gender, environment, and poverty outcomes; otherwise, the existing negative relationships may slow the development process, and can even lead to unintended results. A joint analysis will also reduce cost of project preparation. This study was undertaken to analyze the links between gender, environment, and poverty; identify approaches; and provide practical suggestions for fostering positive synergies for better outcomes. The analytical framework for this study draws on the World Bank's three pillars of sustainable development: social inclusion, economic growth and environmental sustainability, and from political ecology literature, which highlights how decision-making processes, power relationships, and social conditions influence environmental policies and development outcomes. The following four propositions derived from political ecology literature guide the analysis: i) socioeconomic marginalization and natural resource degradation are mutually reinforcing processes; ii) protected area conservation and external control of natural resources can disrupt household and community production and social organization; iii) competing environmental interests shape environmental change; and iv) collective action and resilience can help mitigate negative impacts. The study is based on in-depth analysis of two sub-Saharan African countries Ethiopia and Ghana. The research methodology was qualitative, and included a series of interrelated analyses: a political ecology literature review, country-specific reviews of literature and data sets, good-practice project case studies in both countries, and participatory appraisals of grassroots perceptions of gender-poverty-environment links. Study sites were selected to include the major agro ecological zones and rural livelihood systems in each country. National and sub regional participatory forums were conducted to 'ground truth' the findings and elicit policy and project recommendations. A seven-week online discussion explored the broader applicability of the framework and study findings.
format Economic & Sector Work :: Pre-2003 Economic or Sector Report
author World Bank
author_facet World Bank
author_sort World Bank
title Linking Gender, Environment, and Poverty for Sustainable Development : A Synthesis Report on Ethiopia and Ghana
title_short Linking Gender, Environment, and Poverty for Sustainable Development : A Synthesis Report on Ethiopia and Ghana
title_full Linking Gender, Environment, and Poverty for Sustainable Development : A Synthesis Report on Ethiopia and Ghana
title_fullStr Linking Gender, Environment, and Poverty for Sustainable Development : A Synthesis Report on Ethiopia and Ghana
title_full_unstemmed Linking Gender, Environment, and Poverty for Sustainable Development : A Synthesis Report on Ethiopia and Ghana
title_sort linking gender, environment, and poverty for sustainable development : a synthesis report on ethiopia and ghana
publisher Washington, DC
publishDate 2012
url http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000386194_20120216235818
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2725
_version_ 1764385851583758336
spelling okr-10986-27252021-04-23T14:02:04Z Linking Gender, Environment, and Poverty for Sustainable Development : A Synthesis Report on Ethiopia and Ghana World Bank ACCESS TO EDUCATION ADULT LITERACY AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION ARMED CONFLICT BANKS BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE CASH CROP CASH CROPS CITIZEN CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS CIVIL WAR CLIMATE CHANGE COMMON PROPERTY COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK CREDIT COOPERATIVES DECISION MAKING DEFORESTATION DEGREE OF GENDER DISPARITY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT BANK DEVELOPMENT PLANNING DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISEASES DISSEMINATION DIVERSIFICATION DIVISION OF LABOR DRINKING WATER ECOLOGY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC CAPACITIES ECONOMIC CHANGE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC RESOURCES ECONOMICS ENDOWMENTS ENVIRONMENT INTERRELATIONSHIPS ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY ENVIRONMENTS EQUITABLE ACCESS ETHNIC GROUP ETHNIC GROUPS EXPENDITURE FAMILY WELFARE FARMER FARMERS FARMS FERTILITY FERTILITY RATE FISH FISHERS FISHING FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS FOOD INSECURITY FOOD SECURITY FOOD SHORTAGES FOREST MANAGEMENT FORESTRY FUTURE GENERATIONS GENDER GENDER DISPARITIES GENDER DISPARITY GENDER EQUALITY GENDER INEQUALITIES GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER ISSUES GENDER MAINSTREAMING GENDER RELATIONS GENDER ROLES GREATER ACCESS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROSS NATIONAL INCOME HARMFUL TRADITIONAL PRACTICES HEALTH CARE HEALTH SERVICES HOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITY HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLDS HUSBAND HUSBANDS ILLITERACY INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME-GENERATION ACTIVITIES INDIGENOUS PEOPLES INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INFORMAL SAVING INHERITANCE INTERNATIONAL BANK JOB CREATION KEY CHALLENGES LABOR MARKET LACK OF ACCESS LACK OF FOOD LAND ADMINISTRATION LAND DEGRADATION LAND RIGHTS LAND TENURE LAND USE LEGAL STATUS LEVEL OF POVERTY LIVE BIRTHS LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL COMMUNITIES LOGGING MALARIA MATERNAL MORTALITY MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO MIGRANT MIGRATION MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL MINORITY MORTALITY RATE NATIONAL ACTION NATIONAL ACTION PLAN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL GOVERNMENT NATIONAL INCOME NATIONAL POLICY NATURAL DISASTERS NATURAL ENVIRONMENT NATURAL RESOURCE NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT NATURAL RESOURCES NUTRITION OIL OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN OVERPOPULATION PARTICIPATION IN DECISION PASTURES PERCEPTIONS OF GENDER POLICY DECISIONS POLICY DEVELOPMENT POLICY FORMULATION POLITICAL ECONOMY POPULATION PRESSURE PRACTITIONERS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE PRODUCERS PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTIVE RESOURCES PROGRESS PUBLIC GOOD QUALITY OF LIFE RADIO RANGELANDS REDUCING EMISSIONS REFRIGERATION RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESOURCE MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITIES OF MEN RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL GIRLS RURAL POPULATIONS RURAL RESIDENTS SAFE DRINKING WATER SAFETY NET SAFETY NETS SANITATION SAVINGS SCARCITIES SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOLS SEX SMALLHOLDER SOCIAL CONDITIONS SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL IMPACT SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIAL SYSTEMS SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS SOIL DEGRADATION SOIL EROSION SPECIES STATUS OF WOMEN STREAMS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT POLICIES TABOO TECHNICAL SUPPORT TIMBER TRADITIONAL PRACTICES TRANSPORTATION URBAN AREAS URBAN CENTERS URBAN MIGRATION VILLAGE VULNERABILITY WATER RESOURCES WELFARE GAINS WOMAN WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION YOUNG POPULATIONS YOUNG WOMEN Poverty, environment, social development, and gender are important cross-cutting themes of the World Bank and government investment programs, especially within the Sustainable Development Network (SDN). For developing sectoral strategies and programs, economic, environment and social assessments are undertaken, however, these are usually done separately, and most often gender issues are not included. This is a missed opportunity, because joint assessments can map the links between gender, environment, and poverty and help identify approaches that can accelerate the positive synergy and better social/gender, environment, and poverty outcomes; otherwise, the existing negative relationships may slow the development process, and can even lead to unintended results. A joint analysis will also reduce cost of project preparation. This study was undertaken to analyze the links between gender, environment, and poverty; identify approaches; and provide practical suggestions for fostering positive synergies for better outcomes. The analytical framework for this study draws on the World Bank's three pillars of sustainable development: social inclusion, economic growth and environmental sustainability, and from political ecology literature, which highlights how decision-making processes, power relationships, and social conditions influence environmental policies and development outcomes. The following four propositions derived from political ecology literature guide the analysis: i) socioeconomic marginalization and natural resource degradation are mutually reinforcing processes; ii) protected area conservation and external control of natural resources can disrupt household and community production and social organization; iii) competing environmental interests shape environmental change; and iv) collective action and resilience can help mitigate negative impacts. The study is based on in-depth analysis of two sub-Saharan African countries Ethiopia and Ghana. The research methodology was qualitative, and included a series of interrelated analyses: a political ecology literature review, country-specific reviews of literature and data sets, good-practice project case studies in both countries, and participatory appraisals of grassroots perceptions of gender-poverty-environment links. Study sites were selected to include the major agro ecological zones and rural livelihood systems in each country. National and sub regional participatory forums were conducted to 'ground truth' the findings and elicit policy and project recommendations. A seven-week online discussion explored the broader applicability of the framework and study findings. 2012-03-19T10:06:07Z 2012-03-19T10:06:07Z 2012-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000386194_20120216235818 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2725 English CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work :: Pre-2003 Economic or Sector Report Ethiopia Ghana