Alternative Approaches to Addressing the Risk of Non-Permanence in Afforestation and Reforestation Projects under the Clean Development Mechanism

The report provides quantitative and qualitative insights into the performance of different non-permanence approaches for consideration of parties. This note summarizes the results of the analysis presented in the report. Besides the existing mecha...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Murray, Brian C., Galik, Christopher S., Mitchell, Stephen, Cottle, Phil
Format: Working Paper
Language:English
en_US
Published: World Bank, Washington, DC 2017
Subjects:
CO
CO2
GHG
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/560271468182329250/Final-report
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27123
id okr-10986-27123
recordtype oai_dc
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution Digital Repositories
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection World Bank
language English
en_US
topic ABSORPTION
ACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING FRAMEWORK
AFFORESTATION
ASSURANCE
ATMOSPHERE
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY
ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATIONS
BIOMASS
BONDHOLDER
BONDS
CALCULATION
CAP LEVELS
CARBON
CARBON BALANCE
CARBON CAPTURE
CARBON CREDITING
CARBON CREDITS
CARBON DIOXIDE
CARBON EMISSIONS
CARBON FINANCE
CARBON LOSS
CARBON LOSSES
CARBON MARKET
CARBON OFFSET
CARBON POOLS
CARBON PRICE
CARBON PROJECTS
CARBON REMOVAL
CARBON RESERVOIR
CARBON SINK
CARBON SINK PROJECTS
CARBON SINKS
CARBON STOCK
CARBON STORAGE
CARBONIZATION
CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTION
CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTIONS
CLEAN DEVELOPMENT
CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM
CLIMATE
CLIMATE ACTION
CLIMATE CHANGE
CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
CLIMATE DAMAGES
CLIMATE POLICY
CO
CO2
COMMERCIAL INSURANCE
COMMODITY MARKETS
CREDIBILITY
CREDIT BUYERS
CREDIT LOSS
CREDIT RESERVE
CUSTODY
DEBT
DECAY FUNCTION
DEFAULT RISK
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DIRECT INVESTMENT
DISCOUNT RATE
DISCOUNT RATES
DROUGHT
ECONOMIC INCENTIVE
ECOSYSTEM
EMISSION
EMISSION REDUCTION
EMISSION REDUCTION OBLIGATIONS
EMISSIONS
EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION
EMISSIONS REDUCTION
EMISSIONS REDUCTION OBLIGATIONS
EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS
EMISSIONS TARGETS
ENVIRONMENTAL INTEGRITY
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
ESCROW
EXPENDITURES
EXTREME WEATHER
FEASIBILITY
FINANCES
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
FINANCIAL RETURNS
FINANCIAL RISK
FINANCIAL SUPPORT
FIRST VERIFICATION
FOREST
FOREST CARBON
FOREST CARBON STOCK
FOREST CARBON STORAGE
FOREST DEGRADATION
FOREST ECOSYSTEMS
FOREST GROWTH
FOREST LOSSES
FOREST MANAGEMENT
FOREST STAND
FOREST STANDS
FOREST TYPE
FORESTRY
FORESTRY ACTIVITIES
FORESTRY PROJECTS
FORESTS
FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
FUNGIBLE
FUTURE PRICES
GHG
GHGS
GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS
GLOBAL WARMING
GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL
GOVERNMENT GUARANTEE
GREENHOUSE
GREENHOUSE GAS
GREENHOUSE GASES
HOLDING
HOLDING REQUIREMENTS
HOST COUNTRIES
HOST COUNTRY
INCOME
INFLATION
INFLATION RATE
INITIAL VERIFICATION
INSTRUMENT
INSURANCE
INSURANCE COVERAGE
INSURANCE PREMIUM
INSURERS
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
INVESTMENT DECISIONS
IPCC
ISSUANCE
LAND USE
LAND-USE CHANGE
LANDHOLDER
LANDOWNER
LANDOWNERS
LEGAL OBLIGATION
LEGAL OBLIGATIONS
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
LIABILITY
MARKET CONDITIONS
MARKET PARTICIPANTS
MARKET TRANSACTION
MATURITY
MITIGATION ACTIONS
MONETARY VALUE
MORAL HAZARD
NET CARBON SINK
OFFSET CATEGORIES
OFFSET CREDITS
OPPORTUNITY COST
OPPORTUNITY COSTS
PERFORMANCE BOND
POLITICAL UNCERTAINTY
PORTFOLIO
PRESENT VALUE
PRICE CHANGE
PRICE INCREASE
PROGRAMS
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
RADIATION
RADIATIVE FORCING
REPAYMENT
RESERVE
RETURN
RISK ASSESSMENT
RISK DIVERSIFICATION
RISK FACTORS
RISK MANAGEMENT
RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS
RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
RISK PREMIUM
RISK PROFILE
SALVAGE
SAVINGS
SCENARIOS
SEQUESTERED CARBON
SEQUESTRATION POTENTIAL
SEQUESTRATION RATE
SET ASIDE
SPECTRUM OF RISK
TERRESTRIAL CARBON
TERRESTRIAL CARBON POOL
TERRESTRIAL CARBON RESERVOIRS
TERRESTRIAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION
TERRESTRIAL CARBON SINKS
TERRESTRIAL CARBON STOCKS
TERRESTRIAL CARBON STORAGE
TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS
TRADING
TRANSACTION
TRANSACTION COSTS
UNEP
VERIFICATION PERIODS
WIND
WOOD PRODUCTS
YIELD CURVES
spellingShingle ABSORPTION
ACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING FRAMEWORK
AFFORESTATION
ASSURANCE
ATMOSPHERE
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY
ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATIONS
BIOMASS
BONDHOLDER
BONDS
CALCULATION
CAP LEVELS
CARBON
CARBON BALANCE
CARBON CAPTURE
CARBON CREDITING
CARBON CREDITS
CARBON DIOXIDE
CARBON EMISSIONS
CARBON FINANCE
CARBON LOSS
CARBON LOSSES
CARBON MARKET
CARBON OFFSET
CARBON POOLS
CARBON PRICE
CARBON PROJECTS
CARBON REMOVAL
CARBON RESERVOIR
CARBON SINK
CARBON SINK PROJECTS
CARBON SINKS
CARBON STOCK
CARBON STORAGE
CARBONIZATION
CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTION
CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTIONS
CLEAN DEVELOPMENT
CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM
CLIMATE
CLIMATE ACTION
CLIMATE CHANGE
CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
CLIMATE DAMAGES
CLIMATE POLICY
CO
CO2
COMMERCIAL INSURANCE
COMMODITY MARKETS
CREDIBILITY
CREDIT BUYERS
CREDIT LOSS
CREDIT RESERVE
CUSTODY
DEBT
DECAY FUNCTION
DEFAULT RISK
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DIRECT INVESTMENT
DISCOUNT RATE
DISCOUNT RATES
DROUGHT
ECONOMIC INCENTIVE
ECOSYSTEM
EMISSION
EMISSION REDUCTION
EMISSION REDUCTION OBLIGATIONS
EMISSIONS
EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION
EMISSIONS REDUCTION
EMISSIONS REDUCTION OBLIGATIONS
EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS
EMISSIONS TARGETS
ENVIRONMENTAL INTEGRITY
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
ESCROW
EXPENDITURES
EXTREME WEATHER
FEASIBILITY
FINANCES
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
FINANCIAL RETURNS
FINANCIAL RISK
FINANCIAL SUPPORT
FIRST VERIFICATION
FOREST
FOREST CARBON
FOREST CARBON STOCK
FOREST CARBON STORAGE
FOREST DEGRADATION
FOREST ECOSYSTEMS
FOREST GROWTH
FOREST LOSSES
FOREST MANAGEMENT
FOREST STAND
FOREST STANDS
FOREST TYPE
FORESTRY
FORESTRY ACTIVITIES
FORESTRY PROJECTS
FORESTS
FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
FUNGIBLE
FUTURE PRICES
GHG
GHGS
GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS
GLOBAL WARMING
GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL
GOVERNMENT GUARANTEE
GREENHOUSE
GREENHOUSE GAS
GREENHOUSE GASES
HOLDING
HOLDING REQUIREMENTS
HOST COUNTRIES
HOST COUNTRY
INCOME
INFLATION
INFLATION RATE
INITIAL VERIFICATION
INSTRUMENT
INSURANCE
INSURANCE COVERAGE
INSURANCE PREMIUM
INSURERS
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
INVESTMENT DECISIONS
IPCC
ISSUANCE
LAND USE
LAND-USE CHANGE
LANDHOLDER
LANDOWNER
LANDOWNERS
LEGAL OBLIGATION
LEGAL OBLIGATIONS
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS
LIABILITY
MARKET CONDITIONS
MARKET PARTICIPANTS
MARKET TRANSACTION
MATURITY
MITIGATION ACTIONS
MONETARY VALUE
MORAL HAZARD
NET CARBON SINK
OFFSET CATEGORIES
OFFSET CREDITS
OPPORTUNITY COST
OPPORTUNITY COSTS
PERFORMANCE BOND
POLITICAL UNCERTAINTY
PORTFOLIO
PRESENT VALUE
PRICE CHANGE
PRICE INCREASE
PROGRAMS
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
RADIATION
RADIATIVE FORCING
REPAYMENT
RESERVE
RETURN
RISK ASSESSMENT
RISK DIVERSIFICATION
RISK FACTORS
RISK MANAGEMENT
RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS
RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
RISK PREMIUM
RISK PROFILE
SALVAGE
SAVINGS
SCENARIOS
SEQUESTERED CARBON
SEQUESTRATION POTENTIAL
SEQUESTRATION RATE
SET ASIDE
SPECTRUM OF RISK
TERRESTRIAL CARBON
TERRESTRIAL CARBON POOL
TERRESTRIAL CARBON RESERVOIRS
TERRESTRIAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION
TERRESTRIAL CARBON SINKS
TERRESTRIAL CARBON STOCKS
TERRESTRIAL CARBON STORAGE
TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS
TRADING
TRANSACTION
TRANSACTION COSTS
UNEP
VERIFICATION PERIODS
WIND
WOOD PRODUCTS
YIELD CURVES
Murray, Brian C.
Galik, Christopher S.
Mitchell, Stephen
Cottle, Phil
Alternative Approaches to Addressing the Risk of Non-Permanence in Afforestation and Reforestation Projects under the Clean Development Mechanism
description The report provides quantitative and qualitative insights into the performance of different non-permanence approaches for consideration of parties. This note summarizes the results of the analysis presented in the report. Besides the existing mechanism for temporary crediting, the study analyzed a range of alternative approaches to addressing non-permanence, including those considered in prior deliberations of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The approaches address the risk of non-permanence in several ways. Under the tonne year accounting, credits are issued for the increments of carbon sequestered corresponding to a defined permanence period, and their quantity depends on the carbon stored in biomass each year of the permanence period. However, this approach has not been implemented by any standard. These approaches are not mutually exclusive, but can be used in tandem with each other.
format Working Paper
author Murray, Brian C.
Galik, Christopher S.
Mitchell, Stephen
Cottle, Phil
author_facet Murray, Brian C.
Galik, Christopher S.
Mitchell, Stephen
Cottle, Phil
author_sort Murray, Brian C.
title Alternative Approaches to Addressing the Risk of Non-Permanence in Afforestation and Reforestation Projects under the Clean Development Mechanism
title_short Alternative Approaches to Addressing the Risk of Non-Permanence in Afforestation and Reforestation Projects under the Clean Development Mechanism
title_full Alternative Approaches to Addressing the Risk of Non-Permanence in Afforestation and Reforestation Projects under the Clean Development Mechanism
title_fullStr Alternative Approaches to Addressing the Risk of Non-Permanence in Afforestation and Reforestation Projects under the Clean Development Mechanism
title_full_unstemmed Alternative Approaches to Addressing the Risk of Non-Permanence in Afforestation and Reforestation Projects under the Clean Development Mechanism
title_sort alternative approaches to addressing the risk of non-permanence in afforestation and reforestation projects under the clean development mechanism
publisher World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate 2017
url http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/560271468182329250/Final-report
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27123
_version_ 1764463590100697088
spelling okr-10986-271232021-04-23T14:04:40Z Alternative Approaches to Addressing the Risk of Non-Permanence in Afforestation and Reforestation Projects under the Clean Development Mechanism Murray, Brian C. Galik, Christopher S. Mitchell, Stephen Cottle, Phil ABSORPTION ACCOUNTING ACCOUNTING FRAMEWORK AFFORESTATION ASSURANCE ATMOSPHERE ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATIONS BIOMASS BONDHOLDER BONDS CALCULATION CAP LEVELS CARBON CARBON BALANCE CARBON CAPTURE CARBON CREDITING CARBON CREDITS CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON EMISSIONS CARBON FINANCE CARBON LOSS CARBON LOSSES CARBON MARKET CARBON OFFSET CARBON POOLS CARBON PRICE CARBON PROJECTS CARBON REMOVAL CARBON RESERVOIR CARBON SINK CARBON SINK PROJECTS CARBON SINKS CARBON STOCK CARBON STORAGE CARBONIZATION CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTION CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTIONS CLEAN DEVELOPMENT CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLIMATE CLIMATE ACTION CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION CLIMATE DAMAGES CLIMATE POLICY CO CO2 COMMERCIAL INSURANCE COMMODITY MARKETS CREDIBILITY CREDIT BUYERS CREDIT LOSS CREDIT RESERVE CUSTODY DEBT DECAY FUNCTION DEFAULT RISK DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DIRECT INVESTMENT DISCOUNT RATE DISCOUNT RATES DROUGHT ECONOMIC INCENTIVE ECOSYSTEM EMISSION EMISSION REDUCTION EMISSION REDUCTION OBLIGATIONS EMISSIONS EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION EMISSIONS REDUCTION EMISSIONS REDUCTION OBLIGATIONS EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS EMISSIONS TARGETS ENVIRONMENTAL INTEGRITY ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ESCROW EXPENDITURES EXTREME WEATHER FEASIBILITY FINANCES FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE FINANCIAL RETURNS FINANCIAL RISK FINANCIAL SUPPORT FIRST VERIFICATION FOREST FOREST CARBON FOREST CARBON STOCK FOREST CARBON STORAGE FOREST DEGRADATION FOREST ECOSYSTEMS FOREST GROWTH FOREST LOSSES FOREST MANAGEMENT FOREST STAND FOREST STANDS FOREST TYPE FORESTRY FORESTRY ACTIVITIES FORESTRY PROJECTS FORESTS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE FUNGIBLE FUTURE PRICES GHG GHGS GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS GLOBAL WARMING GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL GOVERNMENT GUARANTEE GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GASES HOLDING HOLDING REQUIREMENTS HOST COUNTRIES HOST COUNTRY INCOME INFLATION INFLATION RATE INITIAL VERIFICATION INSTRUMENT INSURANCE INSURANCE COVERAGE INSURANCE PREMIUM INSURERS INTERNATIONAL STANDARD INVESTMENT DECISIONS IPCC ISSUANCE LAND USE LAND-USE CHANGE LANDHOLDER LANDOWNER LANDOWNERS LEGAL OBLIGATION LEGAL OBLIGATIONS LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS LIABILITY MARKET CONDITIONS MARKET PARTICIPANTS MARKET TRANSACTION MATURITY MITIGATION ACTIONS MONETARY VALUE MORAL HAZARD NET CARBON SINK OFFSET CATEGORIES OFFSET CREDITS OPPORTUNITY COST OPPORTUNITY COSTS PERFORMANCE BOND POLITICAL UNCERTAINTY PORTFOLIO PRESENT VALUE PRICE CHANGE PRICE INCREASE PROGRAMS QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS RADIATION RADIATIVE FORCING REPAYMENT RESERVE RETURN RISK ASSESSMENT RISK DIVERSIFICATION RISK FACTORS RISK MANAGEMENT RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM RISK PREMIUM RISK PROFILE SALVAGE SAVINGS SCENARIOS SEQUESTERED CARBON SEQUESTRATION POTENTIAL SEQUESTRATION RATE SET ASIDE SPECTRUM OF RISK TERRESTRIAL CARBON TERRESTRIAL CARBON POOL TERRESTRIAL CARBON RESERVOIRS TERRESTRIAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION TERRESTRIAL CARBON SINKS TERRESTRIAL CARBON STOCKS TERRESTRIAL CARBON STORAGE TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS TRADING TRANSACTION TRANSACTION COSTS UNEP VERIFICATION PERIODS WIND WOOD PRODUCTS YIELD CURVES The report provides quantitative and qualitative insights into the performance of different non-permanence approaches for consideration of parties. This note summarizes the results of the analysis presented in the report. Besides the existing mechanism for temporary crediting, the study analyzed a range of alternative approaches to addressing non-permanence, including those considered in prior deliberations of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The approaches address the risk of non-permanence in several ways. Under the tonne year accounting, credits are issued for the increments of carbon sequestered corresponding to a defined permanence period, and their quantity depends on the carbon stored in biomass each year of the permanence period. However, this approach has not been implemented by any standard. These approaches are not mutually exclusive, but can be used in tandem with each other. 2017-06-13T21:10:46Z 2017-06-13T21:10:46Z 2012-11-20 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/560271468182329250/Final-report http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27123 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Working Paper