Social Safety Nets in Fragile States : A Community-Based School Feeding Program in Togo

This paper reviews a small community-based school feeding program launched in Togo in response to the 2007/08 food price crisis. The discussion focuses on the operational and policy lessons emerging from the program, to better understand opportunit...

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Main Authors: Andrews, Colin, Galliano, Elena, Turk, Carolyn, Zampaglione, Giuseppe
Format: Working Paper
Language:English
en_US
Published: World Bank, Washington, DC 2017
Subjects:
WFP
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/809221468310174581/Social-safety-nets-in-fragile-states-a-community-based-school-feeding-program-in-Togo
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/26829
id okr-10986-26829
recordtype oai_dc
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution Digital Repositories
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection World Bank
language English
en_US
topic ACCESS TO EDUCATION
ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS
ADULTS
AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES
AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
AGRICULTURE
AVAILABILITY OF FOOD
AVERAGE NUMBER OF STUDENTS
BAKING
BEER
BENEFICIARY
BREAD
BREWING
CALCIUM
CAPACITY BUILDING
CASSAVA
CHILD DEVELOPMENT
CHRONIC POVERTY
CHRONICALLY POOR
CLEAN DRINKING WATER
COMMUNITIES
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
CONDIMENTS
CONFLICT
COOKING
COPING STRATEGIES
CORN
COST EFFECTIVENESS
DEMAND FOR FOOD
DRINKING WATER
DROPOUT RATE
ECONOMIC CRISIS
ECONOMIC SECURITY
ECONOMIC STRESS
EDUCATION FOR ALL
EDUCATION SERVICES
EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT
EDUCATIONAL BENEFITS
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
ENROLMENT RATE
EXTERNAL RESOURCES
EXTERNAL SHOCKS
FEMALE PARTICIPATION
FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES
FIRST GRADE
FOOD AID
FOOD AVAILABILITY
FOOD CONSUMPTION
FOOD DELIVERY
FOOD HANDLING
FOOD INSECURITY
FOOD INTAKE
FOOD ITEMS
FOOD NEEDS
FOOD POLICY
FOOD PRICE
FOOD PRICING
FOOD PRODUCTION
FOOD PRODUCTS
FOOD QUALITY
FOOD SAFETY
FOOD SECURITY
FOOD SUPPLY
FOOD TRANSFERS
FOODS
FORMAL SCHOOL
FRUIT
GENDER
GENDER EQUITY
GOVERNMENT CAPACITY
HEALTH CARE
HEALTH INSURANCE
HEALTH ORGANIZATION
HEALTH PROGRAMS
HEALTH SERVICES
HEALTH SYSTEM
HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION
HOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITY
HOUSEHOLD NEEDS
HOUSEHOLD NUTRITION
HOUSEHOLD SIZE
HUMAN CAPITAL
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
HYGIENE
IFPRI
INCIDENCE OF POVERTY
INCLUSION
INCOME
INCOME REPLACEMENT
INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES
INFORMAL COPING MECHANISMS
INFORMAL MECHANISMS
INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY
LEARNING
MAINSTREAMING
MAIZE
MALNUTRITION
MEAL
MEAL PREPARATION
MEAT
MINIMUM WAGE
NUMBER OF CHILDREN
NUMBER OF REPEATERS
NUMBER OF SCHOOL CHILDREN
NUMBER OF SCHOOLS
NUMBER OF STUDENTS
NUTRITION INTERVENTIONS
NUTRITIONAL DEFICITS
NUTRITIVE VALUE
OKRA
OLDER CHILDREN
PARENT-TEACHER ASSOCIATIONS
PARTICIPATION OF GIRLS
PASTA
PAYMENT OF TEACHERS
PEANUTS
PEPPERS
POOR
POOR CHILDREN
POOR HOUSEHOLD
POVERTY INCIDENCE
POVERTY LEVELS
POVERTY LINE
POVERTY REDUCTION
POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY
POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY PAPER
POVERTY STATUS
PRIMARY COMPLETION
PRIMARY COMPLETION RATE
PRIMARY EDUCATION
PRIMARY SCHOOL
PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE
PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN
PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN
PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLMENT
PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
PRODUCTIVE ASSETS
PROTECTION POLICY
PROTEIN
PUBLIC PENSIONS
PUBLIC RESOURCE
RETENTION RATE
RICE
RISK MANAGEMENT
RURAL
RURAL AREAS
RURAL HOUSEHOLD
RURAL POPULATION
RURAL REGIONS
RURAL SCHOOLS
RURAL VILLAGE
SAFE WATER
SAFETY NET PROGRAMS
SAFETY NET SYSTEMS
SANITATION
SAVINGS
SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS
SCHOOL ATTENDANCE
SCHOOL CALENDAR
SCHOOL COMMUNITY
SCHOOL DAYS
SCHOOL EDUCATION
SCHOOL ENROLMENT
SCHOOL EQUIPMENT
SCHOOL FEEDING
SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMS
SCHOOL FEES
SCHOOL FURNITURE
SCHOOL LEVEL
SCHOOL LUNCH
SCHOOL MANAGEMENT
SCHOOL MEAL
SCHOOL OPERATIONS
SCHOOL PARTICIPATION
SCHOOL PROGRAM
SCHOOL WALLS
SCHOOL YEAR
SCHOOL-AGE
SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN
SCHOOLS
SECONDARY SCHOOL
SERVICE PROVIDERS
SHARECROPPING
SMALLHOLDER FARMERS
SOCIAL BENEFITS
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
SOCIAL PROTECTION
SOCIAL SAFETY NET
SOCIAL SECURITY
SOCIETY
SOCIOECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE
STAPLE FOODS
SUBSIDIZING
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
TARGETING
TEACHER
TEACHING
TOMATOES
TRANSFER OF RESOURCES
TRANSPORTATION
UNIVERSAL EDUCATION
VEGETABLES
VILLAGE LEVEL
VILLAGE SCHOOL
VILLAGE TEACHER
VITAMINS
VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS
WELFARE PROGRAMS
WFP
WHEAT
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM
spellingShingle ACCESS TO EDUCATION
ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS
ADULTS
AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES
AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
AGRICULTURE
AVAILABILITY OF FOOD
AVERAGE NUMBER OF STUDENTS
BAKING
BEER
BENEFICIARY
BREAD
BREWING
CALCIUM
CAPACITY BUILDING
CASSAVA
CHILD DEVELOPMENT
CHRONIC POVERTY
CHRONICALLY POOR
CLEAN DRINKING WATER
COMMUNITIES
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
CONDIMENTS
CONFLICT
COOKING
COPING STRATEGIES
CORN
COST EFFECTIVENESS
DEMAND FOR FOOD
DRINKING WATER
DROPOUT RATE
ECONOMIC CRISIS
ECONOMIC SECURITY
ECONOMIC STRESS
EDUCATION FOR ALL
EDUCATION SERVICES
EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT
EDUCATIONAL BENEFITS
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
ENROLMENT RATE
EXTERNAL RESOURCES
EXTERNAL SHOCKS
FEMALE PARTICIPATION
FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES
FIRST GRADE
FOOD AID
FOOD AVAILABILITY
FOOD CONSUMPTION
FOOD DELIVERY
FOOD HANDLING
FOOD INSECURITY
FOOD INTAKE
FOOD ITEMS
FOOD NEEDS
FOOD POLICY
FOOD PRICE
FOOD PRICING
FOOD PRODUCTION
FOOD PRODUCTS
FOOD QUALITY
FOOD SAFETY
FOOD SECURITY
FOOD SUPPLY
FOOD TRANSFERS
FOODS
FORMAL SCHOOL
FRUIT
GENDER
GENDER EQUITY
GOVERNMENT CAPACITY
HEALTH CARE
HEALTH INSURANCE
HEALTH ORGANIZATION
HEALTH PROGRAMS
HEALTH SERVICES
HEALTH SYSTEM
HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION
HOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITY
HOUSEHOLD NEEDS
HOUSEHOLD NUTRITION
HOUSEHOLD SIZE
HUMAN CAPITAL
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
HYGIENE
IFPRI
INCIDENCE OF POVERTY
INCLUSION
INCOME
INCOME REPLACEMENT
INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES
INFORMAL COPING MECHANISMS
INFORMAL MECHANISMS
INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY
LEARNING
MAINSTREAMING
MAIZE
MALNUTRITION
MEAL
MEAL PREPARATION
MEAT
MINIMUM WAGE
NUMBER OF CHILDREN
NUMBER OF REPEATERS
NUMBER OF SCHOOL CHILDREN
NUMBER OF SCHOOLS
NUMBER OF STUDENTS
NUTRITION INTERVENTIONS
NUTRITIONAL DEFICITS
NUTRITIVE VALUE
OKRA
OLDER CHILDREN
PARENT-TEACHER ASSOCIATIONS
PARTICIPATION OF GIRLS
PASTA
PAYMENT OF TEACHERS
PEANUTS
PEPPERS
POOR
POOR CHILDREN
POOR HOUSEHOLD
POVERTY INCIDENCE
POVERTY LEVELS
POVERTY LINE
POVERTY REDUCTION
POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY
POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY PAPER
POVERTY STATUS
PRIMARY COMPLETION
PRIMARY COMPLETION RATE
PRIMARY EDUCATION
PRIMARY SCHOOL
PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE
PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN
PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN
PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLMENT
PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
PRODUCTIVE ASSETS
PROTECTION POLICY
PROTEIN
PUBLIC PENSIONS
PUBLIC RESOURCE
RETENTION RATE
RICE
RISK MANAGEMENT
RURAL
RURAL AREAS
RURAL HOUSEHOLD
RURAL POPULATION
RURAL REGIONS
RURAL SCHOOLS
RURAL VILLAGE
SAFE WATER
SAFETY NET PROGRAMS
SAFETY NET SYSTEMS
SANITATION
SAVINGS
SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS
SCHOOL ATTENDANCE
SCHOOL CALENDAR
SCHOOL COMMUNITY
SCHOOL DAYS
SCHOOL EDUCATION
SCHOOL ENROLMENT
SCHOOL EQUIPMENT
SCHOOL FEEDING
SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMS
SCHOOL FEES
SCHOOL FURNITURE
SCHOOL LEVEL
SCHOOL LUNCH
SCHOOL MANAGEMENT
SCHOOL MEAL
SCHOOL OPERATIONS
SCHOOL PARTICIPATION
SCHOOL PROGRAM
SCHOOL WALLS
SCHOOL YEAR
SCHOOL-AGE
SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN
SCHOOLS
SECONDARY SCHOOL
SERVICE PROVIDERS
SHARECROPPING
SMALLHOLDER FARMERS
SOCIAL BENEFITS
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
SOCIAL PROTECTION
SOCIAL SAFETY NET
SOCIAL SECURITY
SOCIETY
SOCIOECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE
STAPLE FOODS
SUBSIDIZING
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
TARGETING
TEACHER
TEACHING
TOMATOES
TRANSFER OF RESOURCES
TRANSPORTATION
UNIVERSAL EDUCATION
VEGETABLES
VILLAGE LEVEL
VILLAGE SCHOOL
VILLAGE TEACHER
VITAMINS
VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS
WELFARE PROGRAMS
WFP
WHEAT
WORLD FOOD PROGRAM
Andrews, Colin
Galliano, Elena
Turk, Carolyn
Zampaglione, Giuseppe
Social Safety Nets in Fragile States : A Community-Based School Feeding Program in Togo
geographic_facet Africa
Togo
relation SP Discussion Paper;No. 1117
description This paper reviews a small community-based school feeding program launched in Togo in response to the 2007/08 food price crisis. The discussion focuses on the operational and policy lessons emerging from the program, to better understand opportunities for scale up and sustainability in the future. A focus of the discussion is how to build safety nets in fragile states and in situations where there is weak and fragmented government capacity to deliver services to disadvantaged and vulnerable communities. In this context school feeding is explored as an entry point through the use of informal mechanisms based on the commitment of communities and civil society. The analysis is premised on quantitative and qualitative analysis carried out at program sites. The discussion identifies the operational challenges and opportunities in customizing school feeding within Togo with an emphasis on targeting, cost effectiveness, procurement and institutional aspects. Evidence on the economic and social benefits of the program is also presented, focusing on dietary impacts, as well as household and local community effects. The objective of the discussion is to share lessons learned from evaluation findings so that they can be useful for implementing similar programs in the future in Togo itself or in other countries. Findings from the analysis highlight the possibilities of implementing school feeding in a low capacity setting and the scope for using the program as a springboard towards a broader and more comprehensive social safety net.
format Working Paper
author Andrews, Colin
Galliano, Elena
Turk, Carolyn
Zampaglione, Giuseppe
author_facet Andrews, Colin
Galliano, Elena
Turk, Carolyn
Zampaglione, Giuseppe
author_sort Andrews, Colin
title Social Safety Nets in Fragile States : A Community-Based School Feeding Program in Togo
title_short Social Safety Nets in Fragile States : A Community-Based School Feeding Program in Togo
title_full Social Safety Nets in Fragile States : A Community-Based School Feeding Program in Togo
title_fullStr Social Safety Nets in Fragile States : A Community-Based School Feeding Program in Togo
title_full_unstemmed Social Safety Nets in Fragile States : A Community-Based School Feeding Program in Togo
title_sort social safety nets in fragile states : a community-based school feeding program in togo
publisher World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate 2017
url http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/809221468310174581/Social-safety-nets-in-fragile-states-a-community-based-school-feeding-program-in-Togo
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/26829
_version_ 1764462577931255808
spelling okr-10986-268292021-04-23T14:04:37Z Social Safety Nets in Fragile States : A Community-Based School Feeding Program in Togo Andrews, Colin Galliano, Elena Turk, Carolyn Zampaglione, Giuseppe ACCESS TO EDUCATION ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS ADULTS AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURE AVAILABILITY OF FOOD AVERAGE NUMBER OF STUDENTS BAKING BEER BENEFICIARY BREAD BREWING CALCIUM CAPACITY BUILDING CASSAVA CHILD DEVELOPMENT CHRONIC POVERTY CHRONICALLY POOR CLEAN DRINKING WATER COMMUNITIES COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT CONDIMENTS CONFLICT COOKING COPING STRATEGIES CORN COST EFFECTIVENESS DEMAND FOR FOOD DRINKING WATER DROPOUT RATE ECONOMIC CRISIS ECONOMIC SECURITY ECONOMIC STRESS EDUCATION FOR ALL EDUCATION SERVICES EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT EDUCATIONAL BENEFITS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ENROLMENT RATE EXTERNAL RESOURCES EXTERNAL SHOCKS FEMALE PARTICIPATION FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES FIRST GRADE FOOD AID FOOD AVAILABILITY FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD DELIVERY FOOD HANDLING FOOD INSECURITY FOOD INTAKE FOOD ITEMS FOOD NEEDS FOOD POLICY FOOD PRICE FOOD PRICING FOOD PRODUCTION FOOD PRODUCTS FOOD QUALITY FOOD SAFETY FOOD SECURITY FOOD SUPPLY FOOD TRANSFERS FOODS FORMAL SCHOOL FRUIT GENDER GENDER EQUITY GOVERNMENT CAPACITY HEALTH CARE HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH ORGANIZATION HEALTH PROGRAMS HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SYSTEM HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITY HOUSEHOLD NEEDS HOUSEHOLD NUTRITION HOUSEHOLD SIZE HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HYGIENE IFPRI INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCLUSION INCOME INCOME REPLACEMENT INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INFORMAL COPING MECHANISMS INFORMAL MECHANISMS INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY LEARNING MAINSTREAMING MAIZE MALNUTRITION MEAL MEAL PREPARATION MEAT MINIMUM WAGE NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUMBER OF REPEATERS NUMBER OF SCHOOL CHILDREN NUMBER OF SCHOOLS NUMBER OF STUDENTS NUTRITION INTERVENTIONS NUTRITIONAL DEFICITS NUTRITIVE VALUE OKRA OLDER CHILDREN PARENT-TEACHER ASSOCIATIONS PARTICIPATION OF GIRLS PASTA PAYMENT OF TEACHERS PEANUTS PEPPERS POOR POOR CHILDREN POOR HOUSEHOLD POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY PAPER POVERTY STATUS PRIMARY COMPLETION PRIMARY COMPLETION RATE PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLMENT PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS PRODUCTIVE ASSETS PROTECTION POLICY PROTEIN PUBLIC PENSIONS PUBLIC RESOURCE RETENTION RATE RICE RISK MANAGEMENT RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL HOUSEHOLD RURAL POPULATION RURAL REGIONS RURAL SCHOOLS RURAL VILLAGE SAFE WATER SAFETY NET PROGRAMS SAFETY NET SYSTEMS SANITATION SAVINGS SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL CALENDAR SCHOOL COMMUNITY SCHOOL DAYS SCHOOL EDUCATION SCHOOL ENROLMENT SCHOOL EQUIPMENT SCHOOL FEEDING SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMS SCHOOL FEES SCHOOL FURNITURE SCHOOL LEVEL SCHOOL LUNCH SCHOOL MANAGEMENT SCHOOL MEAL SCHOOL OPERATIONS SCHOOL PARTICIPATION SCHOOL PROGRAM SCHOOL WALLS SCHOOL YEAR SCHOOL-AGE SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN SCHOOLS SECONDARY SCHOOL SERVICE PROVIDERS SHARECROPPING SMALLHOLDER FARMERS SOCIAL BENEFITS SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIAL SAFETY NET SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIETY SOCIOECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE STAPLE FOODS SUBSIDIZING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TARGETING TEACHER TEACHING TOMATOES TRANSFER OF RESOURCES TRANSPORTATION UNIVERSAL EDUCATION VEGETABLES VILLAGE LEVEL VILLAGE SCHOOL VILLAGE TEACHER VITAMINS VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS WELFARE PROGRAMS WFP WHEAT WORLD FOOD PROGRAM This paper reviews a small community-based school feeding program launched in Togo in response to the 2007/08 food price crisis. The discussion focuses on the operational and policy lessons emerging from the program, to better understand opportunities for scale up and sustainability in the future. A focus of the discussion is how to build safety nets in fragile states and in situations where there is weak and fragmented government capacity to deliver services to disadvantaged and vulnerable communities. In this context school feeding is explored as an entry point through the use of informal mechanisms based on the commitment of communities and civil society. The analysis is premised on quantitative and qualitative analysis carried out at program sites. The discussion identifies the operational challenges and opportunities in customizing school feeding within Togo with an emphasis on targeting, cost effectiveness, procurement and institutional aspects. Evidence on the economic and social benefits of the program is also presented, focusing on dietary impacts, as well as household and local community effects. The objective of the discussion is to share lessons learned from evaluation findings so that they can be useful for implementing similar programs in the future in Togo itself or in other countries. Findings from the analysis highlight the possibilities of implementing school feeding in a low capacity setting and the scope for using the program as a springboard towards a broader and more comprehensive social safety net. 2017-06-01T20:55:43Z 2017-06-01T20:55:43Z 2011-08 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/809221468310174581/Social-safety-nets-in-fragile-states-a-community-based-school-feeding-program-in-Togo http://hdl.handle.net/10986/26829 English en_US SP Discussion Paper;No. 1117 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Working Paper Africa Togo