Micro-Determinants of Informal Employment in the Middle East and North Africa Region
This note assesses the main micro?determinants of informal employment in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region from a human development stand point. It's main purpose is to quantify the patterns of labor informality (defined as the sh...
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| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2017
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/843621468275089806/Micro-determinants-of-informal-employment-in-the-Middle-East-and-North-Africa-region http://hdl.handle.net/10986/26828 |
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okr-10986-26828 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ACCOUNTING AGE GROUP AGGREGATE INCOME AVERAGE WAGE CIVIL SERVICE CLERKS DAY LABORERS DEGREES DISABILITY DOMESTIC WORKERS EARLY RETIREMENT EARNING ECONOMIC GROWTH EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL LEVEL EMPLOYMENT [ALTERNATIVE EMPLOYMENT CREATION EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS EMPLOYMENT RATE EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP EMPLOYMENT SHARE EMPLOYMENT STATUS EQUITY ISSUES EXCESSIVE REGULATION EXPECTED WAGE EXPENDITURES FEMALE PARTICIPATION FIRM LEVEL FIRM SIZE FORMAL LABOR MARKET GENDER GROUPS HEALTH INSURANCE HIGHER EDUCATION HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCE HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT INCOME SECURITY INFORMAL ECONOMY INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT INFORMAL LABOR MARKETS INFORMAL SECTOR INFORMAL SECTOR WORKERS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL LABOUR CONFERENCE KNOWLEDGE GAP LABOR CONTRACT LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR LEGISLATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCES LABOR MARKET INDICATORS LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET REFORMS LABOR SUPPLY LABOUR LEVELS OF EDUCATION LITERATURE LIVING CONDITIONS LOW INVOLVEMENT MALE WORKER MATERNITY LEAVE MORTALITY OCCUPATION POST SECONDARY EDUCATION PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIME AGE PRIVATE EMPLOYMENT PRIVATE FIRMS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR JOBS PRIVATE SECTOR WORKERS PROBIT REGRESSION PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS RESEARCHERS RETIREMENT RURAL EMPLOYMENT RURAL WORKERS SCHOOLS SELF EMPLOYED SELF EMPLOYED WORKERS SELF EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIAL SECURITY SPORTS TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT TEMPORARY WORKS TERTIARY EDUCATION TERTIARY SECTOR TOTAL EMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED POPULATION UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNIVERSITY EDUCATION UNIVERSITY GRADUATES UNPAID FAMILY WORKERS UNPAID WORKERS URBAN EMPLOYMENT URBAN WORKERS WAGE DETERMINATION WAGE DISTRIBUTION WAGE RATES WORKER WORKER PRODUCTIVITY WORKING WORKING CONDITION YOUNGER WORKERS |
| spellingShingle |
ACCOUNTING AGE GROUP AGGREGATE INCOME AVERAGE WAGE CIVIL SERVICE CLERKS DAY LABORERS DEGREES DISABILITY DOMESTIC WORKERS EARLY RETIREMENT EARNING ECONOMIC GROWTH EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL LEVEL EMPLOYMENT [ALTERNATIVE EMPLOYMENT CREATION EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS EMPLOYMENT RATE EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP EMPLOYMENT SHARE EMPLOYMENT STATUS EQUITY ISSUES EXCESSIVE REGULATION EXPECTED WAGE EXPENDITURES FEMALE PARTICIPATION FIRM LEVEL FIRM SIZE FORMAL LABOR MARKET GENDER GROUPS HEALTH INSURANCE HIGHER EDUCATION HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCE HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT INCOME SECURITY INFORMAL ECONOMY INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT INFORMAL LABOR MARKETS INFORMAL SECTOR INFORMAL SECTOR WORKERS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL LABOUR CONFERENCE KNOWLEDGE GAP LABOR CONTRACT LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR LEGISLATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCES LABOR MARKET INDICATORS LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET REFORMS LABOR SUPPLY LABOUR LEVELS OF EDUCATION LITERATURE LIVING CONDITIONS LOW INVOLVEMENT MALE WORKER MATERNITY LEAVE MORTALITY OCCUPATION POST SECONDARY EDUCATION PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIME AGE PRIVATE EMPLOYMENT PRIVATE FIRMS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR JOBS PRIVATE SECTOR WORKERS PROBIT REGRESSION PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS RESEARCHERS RETIREMENT RURAL EMPLOYMENT RURAL WORKERS SCHOOLS SELF EMPLOYED SELF EMPLOYED WORKERS SELF EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIAL SECURITY SPORTS TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT TEMPORARY WORKS TERTIARY EDUCATION TERTIARY SECTOR TOTAL EMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED POPULATION UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNIVERSITY EDUCATION UNIVERSITY GRADUATES UNPAID FAMILY WORKERS UNPAID WORKERS URBAN EMPLOYMENT URBAN WORKERS WAGE DETERMINATION WAGE DISTRIBUTION WAGE RATES WORKER WORKER PRODUCTIVITY WORKING WORKING CONDITION YOUNGER WORKERS Angel-Urdinola, Diego F. Tanabe, Kimie Micro-Determinants of Informal Employment in the Middle East and North Africa Region |
| geographic_facet |
Middle East and North Africa Middle East North Africa |
| relation |
SP Discussion Paper;No. 1201 |
| description |
This note assesses the main
micro?determinants of informal employment in the Middle East
and North Africa (MENA) region from a human development
stand point. It's main purpose is to quantify the
patterns of labor informality (defined as the share of all
employment with no access to social security) according to
age, gender, education level, employment sector, profession,
marital status, employment status, and geographic area in a
selected group of countries in the region. Results indicate
that the size of the public sector and the size of the
agriculture sector are perhaps the main correlates of
informality in the region. Countries where agricultural
employment still constitutes a large share of overall
employment (such as Morocco and Yemen) are associated with
higher levels of overall informality. On the contrary,
countries with larger public sectors and more urbanized such
as Egypt, Syria, and Lebanon, display lower levels of
overall informality. The existence of a large public sector,
still associated with generous benefits and better
employment quality, creates an important segmentation
between public and private employment in many MENA
countries. Informality rates are very high among youth
between ages fifteen and twenty-four. After age twenty-four,
informality decreases rapidly until individuals reach prime
working age (forty to forty?five years). This rapid decrease
in informality rates goes hand in hand with a rapid increase
in public sector employment, suggesting that informal
workers enter into public sector jobs as they move from
youth into adulthood. Results also indicate that the average
worker in the informal sector is disadvantaged versus the
average worker in the formal sector, as they are uncovered
against social risks and are generally employed in
low-productivity/low pay jobs. |
| format |
Working Paper |
| author |
Angel-Urdinola, Diego F. Tanabe, Kimie |
| author_facet |
Angel-Urdinola, Diego F. Tanabe, Kimie |
| author_sort |
Angel-Urdinola, Diego F. |
| title |
Micro-Determinants of Informal Employment in the Middle East and North Africa Region |
| title_short |
Micro-Determinants of Informal Employment in the Middle East and North Africa Region |
| title_full |
Micro-Determinants of Informal Employment in the Middle East and North Africa Region |
| title_fullStr |
Micro-Determinants of Informal Employment in the Middle East and North Africa Region |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Micro-Determinants of Informal Employment in the Middle East and North Africa Region |
| title_sort |
micro-determinants of informal employment in the middle east and north africa region |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2017 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/843621468275089806/Micro-determinants-of-informal-employment-in-the-Middle-East-and-North-Africa-region http://hdl.handle.net/10986/26828 |
| _version_ |
1764462575519531008 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-268282021-04-23T14:04:37Z Micro-Determinants of Informal Employment in the Middle East and North Africa Region Angel-Urdinola, Diego F. Tanabe, Kimie ACCOUNTING AGE GROUP AGGREGATE INCOME AVERAGE WAGE CIVIL SERVICE CLERKS DAY LABORERS DEGREES DISABILITY DOMESTIC WORKERS EARLY RETIREMENT EARNING ECONOMIC GROWTH EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL LEVEL EMPLOYMENT [ALTERNATIVE EMPLOYMENT CREATION EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS EMPLOYMENT RATE EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP EMPLOYMENT SHARE EMPLOYMENT STATUS EQUITY ISSUES EXCESSIVE REGULATION EXPECTED WAGE EXPENDITURES FEMALE PARTICIPATION FIRM LEVEL FIRM SIZE FORMAL LABOR MARKET GENDER GROUPS HEALTH INSURANCE HIGHER EDUCATION HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCE HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT INCOME SECURITY INFORMAL ECONOMY INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT INFORMAL LABOR MARKETS INFORMAL SECTOR INFORMAL SECTOR WORKERS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION INTERNATIONAL LABOUR CONFERENCE KNOWLEDGE GAP LABOR CONTRACT LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR LEGISLATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCES LABOR MARKET INDICATORS LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET REFORMS LABOR SUPPLY LABOUR LEVELS OF EDUCATION LITERATURE LIVING CONDITIONS LOW INVOLVEMENT MALE WORKER MATERNITY LEAVE MORTALITY OCCUPATION POST SECONDARY EDUCATION PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIME AGE PRIVATE EMPLOYMENT PRIVATE FIRMS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR JOBS PRIVATE SECTOR WORKERS PROBIT REGRESSION PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS RESEARCHERS RETIREMENT RURAL EMPLOYMENT RURAL WORKERS SCHOOLS SELF EMPLOYED SELF EMPLOYED WORKERS SELF EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIAL SECURITY SPORTS TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT TEMPORARY WORKS TERTIARY EDUCATION TERTIARY SECTOR TOTAL EMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED POPULATION UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNIVERSITY EDUCATION UNIVERSITY GRADUATES UNPAID FAMILY WORKERS UNPAID WORKERS URBAN EMPLOYMENT URBAN WORKERS WAGE DETERMINATION WAGE DISTRIBUTION WAGE RATES WORKER WORKER PRODUCTIVITY WORKING WORKING CONDITION YOUNGER WORKERS This note assesses the main micro?determinants of informal employment in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region from a human development stand point. It's main purpose is to quantify the patterns of labor informality (defined as the share of all employment with no access to social security) according to age, gender, education level, employment sector, profession, marital status, employment status, and geographic area in a selected group of countries in the region. Results indicate that the size of the public sector and the size of the agriculture sector are perhaps the main correlates of informality in the region. Countries where agricultural employment still constitutes a large share of overall employment (such as Morocco and Yemen) are associated with higher levels of overall informality. On the contrary, countries with larger public sectors and more urbanized such as Egypt, Syria, and Lebanon, display lower levels of overall informality. The existence of a large public sector, still associated with generous benefits and better employment quality, creates an important segmentation between public and private employment in many MENA countries. Informality rates are very high among youth between ages fifteen and twenty-four. After age twenty-four, informality decreases rapidly until individuals reach prime working age (forty to forty?five years). This rapid decrease in informality rates goes hand in hand with a rapid increase in public sector employment, suggesting that informal workers enter into public sector jobs as they move from youth into adulthood. Results also indicate that the average worker in the informal sector is disadvantaged versus the average worker in the formal sector, as they are uncovered against social risks and are generally employed in low-productivity/low pay jobs. 2017-06-01T20:49:16Z 2017-06-01T20:49:16Z 2012-01 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/843621468275089806/Micro-determinants-of-informal-employment-in-the-Middle-East-and-North-Africa-region http://hdl.handle.net/10986/26828 English en_US SP Discussion Paper;No. 1201 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Working Paper Middle East and North Africa Middle East North Africa |