Urbanization and Growth : Commission on Growth and Development
Structural change is a key driver of rapid growth: countries diversify into new industries, firms learn new things, people move to new locations. Anything that slows this structural change is also likely to slow growth. Because urbanization is one...
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World Bank
2012
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| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000334955_20090109055508 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2582 |
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okr-10986-2582 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
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Foreign Institution |
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Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
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World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ABUSE ACCOUNTING AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT ALM BANKS BARRIOS BETTERMENT LEVIES BORROWING BUDGET CONSTRAINTS CAPITAL EXPENDITURES CAPITAL MARKETS CENTER FOR DEVELOPMENT CENTRAL GOVERNMENTS CITY COUNCILS CITY DEVELOPMENT CITY DWELLERS CITY SIZE CLIMATE CHANGE CULTURAL CHANGE DEBT DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES DISEASES EASTERN CARIBBEAN CENTRAL BANK ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY ECONOMICS EXTERNALITIES FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM FEMALE EDUCATION FEWER CHILDREN FINANCIAL MARKETS FISCAL CAPACITY FISCAL POLICY FISCAL RESPONSIBILITY GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION GOVERNMENT POLICIES GOVERNMENT SUPPORT GREEN REVOLUTION GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HOUSING HOUSING DEMAND HOUSING MARKETS HOUSING STOCK HOUSING SUBSIDIES HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN LIFE HUMAN SETTLEMENTS ILLITERACY ILLNESS IMMIGRANTS IMPORTANT POLICY INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME INEQUALITY INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION INDUSTRIALIZATION INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INFANT MORTALITY RATE INFANT MORTALITY RATES INSURANCE INTEREST RATES INTERNAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTORY LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LAND MARKETS LAND PRICES LAND TAXES LAND USE LARGE CITIES LARGE NUMBERS OF PEOPLE LAWS LEGAL FRAMEWORK LEGAL STATUS LEGISLATION LICENSES LIMITED RESOURCES LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL COUNCILS LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOCAL PUBLIC FINANCE LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MASS IMMIGRATION MEGACITIES MODERNIZATION MORTALITY MORTGAGE LENDING MUNICIPAL FINANCE MUNICIPALITIES NATIONAL BOUNDARIES NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL NUMBER OF WORKERS PER CAPITA INCOME POLICE POLICY DECISIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESPONSE POLLUTION POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POPULATION GROWTH RATES POPULATION INCREMENTS POPULATION MOVEMENTS POPULATION SHIFT POPULATION SHIFTS POVERTY REDUCTION PRACTITIONERS PRIMATE CITIES PROPERTY TAXES PUBLIC PUBLIC FINANCE PUBLIC HOUSING PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC RESOURCES PUBLIC SERVICES RATE OF GROWTH RATES OF GROWTH RATES OF URBANIZATION REAL ESTATE MARKETS REGIONAL INEQUALITIES RENTAL VALUE OF PROPERTY RICHER COUNTRIES RURAL AREAS RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL POPULATION RURAL POPULATIONS RURAL POVERTY RURALURBAN MIGRATION SANITATION SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SECONDARY CITIES SECURITY OF TENURE SERVICE SECTORS SERVICED LAND SEWAGE SEWAGE TREATMENT SEWER SYSTEMS SEWERAGE SEWERAGE SYSTEMS SLUMS SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION SPONSORS STATE UNIVERSITY SUBSIDIARY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TAX RATES TAXATION TECHNICAL CAPACITY TOLERANCE TOWNS TRANSACTION COSTS TRANSITION ECONOMIES TRANSPORT TRANSPORTATION UNEMPLOYMENT UNFPA UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND URBAN URBAN AGGLOMERATION URBAN AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS URBAN AREAS URBAN BIAS URBAN DEVELOPMENT URBAN ECONOMICS URBAN ECONOMIES URBAN EMPLOYMENT URBAN ENVIRONMENT URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE URBAN LABOR URBAN LAND URBAN LAND USE URBAN MIGRATION URBAN POLICY URBAN POOR URBAN POPULATION URBAN POPULATION GROWTH URBAN POPULATION GROWTH RATES URBAN POPULATIONS URBAN POVERTY URBAN PROJECTS URBAN SECTOR URBAN SECTORS URBAN TRANSITION URBAN WORKERS URBANIZATION URBANIZATION PROCESS WAGES WARS WASTE WATER WATER SUPPLY WATER TREATMENT |
| spellingShingle |
ABUSE ACCOUNTING AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT ALM BANKS BARRIOS BETTERMENT LEVIES BORROWING BUDGET CONSTRAINTS CAPITAL EXPENDITURES CAPITAL MARKETS CENTER FOR DEVELOPMENT CENTRAL GOVERNMENTS CITY COUNCILS CITY DEVELOPMENT CITY DWELLERS CITY SIZE CLIMATE CHANGE CULTURAL CHANGE DEBT DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES DISEASES EASTERN CARIBBEAN CENTRAL BANK ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY ECONOMICS EXTERNALITIES FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM FEMALE EDUCATION FEWER CHILDREN FINANCIAL MARKETS FISCAL CAPACITY FISCAL POLICY FISCAL RESPONSIBILITY GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION GOVERNMENT POLICIES GOVERNMENT SUPPORT GREEN REVOLUTION GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HOUSING HOUSING DEMAND HOUSING MARKETS HOUSING STOCK HOUSING SUBSIDIES HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN LIFE HUMAN SETTLEMENTS ILLITERACY ILLNESS IMMIGRANTS IMPORTANT POLICY INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME INEQUALITY INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION INDUSTRIALIZATION INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INFANT MORTALITY RATE INFANT MORTALITY RATES INSURANCE INTEREST RATES INTERNAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTORY LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LAND MARKETS LAND PRICES LAND TAXES LAND USE LARGE CITIES LARGE NUMBERS OF PEOPLE LAWS LEGAL FRAMEWORK LEGAL STATUS LEGISLATION LICENSES LIMITED RESOURCES LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL COUNCILS LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOCAL PUBLIC FINANCE LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MASS IMMIGRATION MEGACITIES MODERNIZATION MORTALITY MORTGAGE LENDING MUNICIPAL FINANCE MUNICIPALITIES NATIONAL BOUNDARIES NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL NUMBER OF WORKERS PER CAPITA INCOME POLICE POLICY DECISIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESPONSE POLLUTION POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POPULATION GROWTH RATES POPULATION INCREMENTS POPULATION MOVEMENTS POPULATION SHIFT POPULATION SHIFTS POVERTY REDUCTION PRACTITIONERS PRIMATE CITIES PROPERTY TAXES PUBLIC PUBLIC FINANCE PUBLIC HOUSING PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC RESOURCES PUBLIC SERVICES RATE OF GROWTH RATES OF GROWTH RATES OF URBANIZATION REAL ESTATE MARKETS REGIONAL INEQUALITIES RENTAL VALUE OF PROPERTY RICHER COUNTRIES RURAL AREAS RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL POPULATION RURAL POPULATIONS RURAL POVERTY RURALURBAN MIGRATION SANITATION SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SECONDARY CITIES SECURITY OF TENURE SERVICE SECTORS SERVICED LAND SEWAGE SEWAGE TREATMENT SEWER SYSTEMS SEWERAGE SEWERAGE SYSTEMS SLUMS SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION SPONSORS STATE UNIVERSITY SUBSIDIARY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TAX RATES TAXATION TECHNICAL CAPACITY TOLERANCE TOWNS TRANSACTION COSTS TRANSITION ECONOMIES TRANSPORT TRANSPORTATION UNEMPLOYMENT UNFPA UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND URBAN URBAN AGGLOMERATION URBAN AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS URBAN AREAS URBAN BIAS URBAN DEVELOPMENT URBAN ECONOMICS URBAN ECONOMIES URBAN EMPLOYMENT URBAN ENVIRONMENT URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE URBAN LABOR URBAN LAND URBAN LAND USE URBAN MIGRATION URBAN POLICY URBAN POOR URBAN POPULATION URBAN POPULATION GROWTH URBAN POPULATION GROWTH RATES URBAN POPULATIONS URBAN POVERTY URBAN PROJECTS URBAN SECTOR URBAN SECTORS URBAN TRANSITION URBAN WORKERS URBANIZATION URBANIZATION PROCESS WAGES WARS WASTE WATER WATER SUPPLY WATER TREATMENT Spence, Michael Annez, Patricia Clarke Buckley, Robert M. Urbanization and Growth : Commission on Growth and Development |
| description |
Structural change is a key driver of
rapid growth: countries diversify into new industries, firms
learn new things, people move to new locations. Anything
that slows this structural change is also likely to slow
growth. Because urbanization is one of the most important
enabling parallel processes in rapid growth, making it work
well is critical. Urbanization's contribution to growth
comes from two sources: the difference between rural and
urban productivity levels and more rapid productivity change
in cities. In the early decades of development, when the
majority of the population is still rural, the jump from
rural to urban employment makes a big contribution to
growth. As cities grow larger, the second effect faster
gains in urban productivity - begins to dominate, as it
operates on a larger base. Mortgages can improve
households' ability to buy decent housing. But finance
relaxes demand constraints only. Unless it is accompanied by
measures to increase supply, better finance may result in
overshooting prices. This volatility can jeopardize
macroeconomic stability. In a typical pattern, strong income
growth leads to a rapid increase in housing demand. An
injection of liquidity from some source, often overseas, may
help over stimulate the market, leading to over optimism and
a dangerous concentration of wealth in real estate. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Publication |
| author |
Spence, Michael Annez, Patricia Clarke Buckley, Robert M. |
| author_facet |
Spence, Michael Annez, Patricia Clarke Buckley, Robert M. |
| author_sort |
Spence, Michael |
| title |
Urbanization and Growth : Commission
on Growth and Development |
| title_short |
Urbanization and Growth : Commission
on Growth and Development |
| title_full |
Urbanization and Growth : Commission
on Growth and Development |
| title_fullStr |
Urbanization and Growth : Commission
on Growth and Development |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Urbanization and Growth : Commission
on Growth and Development |
| title_sort |
urbanization and growth : commission
on growth and development |
| publisher |
World Bank |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000334955_20090109055508 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2582 |
| _version_ |
1764385654531162112 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-25822021-04-23T14:02:03Z Urbanization and Growth : Commission on Growth and Development Spence, Michael Annez, Patricia Clarke Buckley, Robert M. ABUSE ACCOUNTING AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT ALM BANKS BARRIOS BETTERMENT LEVIES BORROWING BUDGET CONSTRAINTS CAPITAL EXPENDITURES CAPITAL MARKETS CENTER FOR DEVELOPMENT CENTRAL GOVERNMENTS CITY COUNCILS CITY DEVELOPMENT CITY DWELLERS CITY SIZE CLIMATE CHANGE CULTURAL CHANGE DEBT DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES DISEASES EASTERN CARIBBEAN CENTRAL BANK ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY ECONOMICS EXTERNALITIES FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM FEMALE EDUCATION FEWER CHILDREN FINANCIAL MARKETS FISCAL CAPACITY FISCAL POLICY FISCAL RESPONSIBILITY GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION GOVERNMENT POLICIES GOVERNMENT SUPPORT GREEN REVOLUTION GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HOUSING HOUSING DEMAND HOUSING MARKETS HOUSING STOCK HOUSING SUBSIDIES HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN LIFE HUMAN SETTLEMENTS ILLITERACY ILLNESS IMMIGRANTS IMPORTANT POLICY INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME INEQUALITY INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION INDUSTRIALIZATION INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INFANT MORTALITY RATE INFANT MORTALITY RATES INSURANCE INTEREST RATES INTERNAL MIGRATION INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTORY LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LAND MARKETS LAND PRICES LAND TAXES LAND USE LARGE CITIES LARGE NUMBERS OF PEOPLE LAWS LEGAL FRAMEWORK LEGAL STATUS LEGISLATION LICENSES LIMITED RESOURCES LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL COUNCILS LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOCAL PUBLIC FINANCE LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MASS IMMIGRATION MEGACITIES MODERNIZATION MORTALITY MORTGAGE LENDING MUNICIPAL FINANCE MUNICIPALITIES NATIONAL BOUNDARIES NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL NUMBER OF WORKERS PER CAPITA INCOME POLICE POLICY DECISIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESPONSE POLLUTION POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POPULATION GROWTH RATES POPULATION INCREMENTS POPULATION MOVEMENTS POPULATION SHIFT POPULATION SHIFTS POVERTY REDUCTION PRACTITIONERS PRIMATE CITIES PROPERTY TAXES PUBLIC PUBLIC FINANCE PUBLIC HOUSING PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC RESOURCES PUBLIC SERVICES RATE OF GROWTH RATES OF GROWTH RATES OF URBANIZATION REAL ESTATE MARKETS REGIONAL INEQUALITIES RENTAL VALUE OF PROPERTY RICHER COUNTRIES RURAL AREAS RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL POPULATION RURAL POPULATIONS RURAL POVERTY RURALURBAN MIGRATION SANITATION SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SECONDARY CITIES SECURITY OF TENURE SERVICE SECTORS SERVICED LAND SEWAGE SEWAGE TREATMENT SEWER SYSTEMS SEWERAGE SEWERAGE SYSTEMS SLUMS SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION SPONSORS STATE UNIVERSITY SUBSIDIARY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TAX RATES TAXATION TECHNICAL CAPACITY TOLERANCE TOWNS TRANSACTION COSTS TRANSITION ECONOMIES TRANSPORT TRANSPORTATION UNEMPLOYMENT UNFPA UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND URBAN URBAN AGGLOMERATION URBAN AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS URBAN AREAS URBAN BIAS URBAN DEVELOPMENT URBAN ECONOMICS URBAN ECONOMIES URBAN EMPLOYMENT URBAN ENVIRONMENT URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE URBAN LABOR URBAN LAND URBAN LAND USE URBAN MIGRATION URBAN POLICY URBAN POOR URBAN POPULATION URBAN POPULATION GROWTH URBAN POPULATION GROWTH RATES URBAN POPULATIONS URBAN POVERTY URBAN PROJECTS URBAN SECTOR URBAN SECTORS URBAN TRANSITION URBAN WORKERS URBANIZATION URBANIZATION PROCESS WAGES WARS WASTE WATER WATER SUPPLY WATER TREATMENT Structural change is a key driver of rapid growth: countries diversify into new industries, firms learn new things, people move to new locations. Anything that slows this structural change is also likely to slow growth. Because urbanization is one of the most important enabling parallel processes in rapid growth, making it work well is critical. Urbanization's contribution to growth comes from two sources: the difference between rural and urban productivity levels and more rapid productivity change in cities. In the early decades of development, when the majority of the population is still rural, the jump from rural to urban employment makes a big contribution to growth. As cities grow larger, the second effect faster gains in urban productivity - begins to dominate, as it operates on a larger base. Mortgages can improve households' ability to buy decent housing. But finance relaxes demand constraints only. Unless it is accompanied by measures to increase supply, better finance may result in overshooting prices. This volatility can jeopardize macroeconomic stability. In a typical pattern, strong income growth leads to a rapid increase in housing demand. An injection of liquidity from some source, often overseas, may help over stimulate the market, leading to over optimism and a dangerous concentration of wealth in real estate. 2012-03-19T10:02:18Z 2012-03-19T10:02:18Z 2009 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000334955_20090109055508 978-0-8213-7573-0 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2582 English CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank Publications & Research :: Publication Publications & Research :: Publication |