Migration and Poverty : Toward Better Opportunities for the Poor
Migration has historically been a source of opportunities for people to improve their lives and those of their families. Today, the large differences in income between places-particularly countries-continue to motivate individuals to escape poverty...
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World Bank
2012
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| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000356161_20101207012059 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2535 |
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okr-10986-2535 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
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Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ACCESS TO LOANS ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANCE ADULT MORTALITY ADULT POPULATION AGED AGGREGATE POVERTY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE AIDS EPIDEMIC AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD INCOME BANK OFFICE BASIC NEEDS BENEFITS OF MIGRATION BUSINESS OWNERSHIP CAPITAL INVESTMENT CARIBBEAN REGION CASH EXPENDITURES CHRONIC ILLNESS CITIZENS CONSUMPTION AGGREGATE CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING COPING STRATEGY COUNTERFACTUAL COUNTRY OF DESTINATION CULTURAL BARRIERS DECLINE IN POVERTY DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS DEMOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT BANK DISSEMINATION DIVORCE DOMESTIC LABOR DROUGHT EARNINGS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC SHOCKS EDUCATION LEVEL EDUCATION LEVELS EMPLOYER EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EXCLUSION EXPATRIATES EXPLOITATION EXPORT MARKETS FAMILIES FAMILY MEMBERS FERTILITY FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS FINANCIAL COST FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FULL POTENTIAL OF MIGRATION GENDER GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT GOVERNMENT POLICIES GOVERNMENT POLICY GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD HIV HOUSEHOLD ASSETS HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES ON FOOD HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEAD AGE HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD NUMBER HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUSBAND HUSBANDS ILLNESS IMMIGRATION IMMIGRATION POLICIES IMPACT OF MIGRATION IMPERFECT INFORMATION INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME DYNAMICS INCOME GAINS INCOME GROUPS INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INHERITANCE INSURANCE INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INTERVENTION ISOLATION JOB OPPORTUNITIES KINSHIP KINSHIP NETWORKS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET ACTIVITIES LABOR MARKETS LABOR MOBILITY LACK OF CREDIT LACK OF FINANCE LACK OF INFORMATION LAND HOLDINGS LAND VALUE LEGAL STATUS LIMITED ACCESS LIVING STANDARDS LOAN LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MALARIA MARKET FAILURES MARKETING MEDICAL TREATMENT MIGRANT MIGRANT WORKERS MIGRANTS MIGRATION MIGRATION PROCESS MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MINISTRY OF HEALTH MONEYLENDERS MOTHER MOUNTAIN REGION NATIONAL BORDERS NATURAL DISASTERS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PERMANENT MIGRATION STATUS PHYSICAL CAPITAL POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL INSTABILITY POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR INDIVIDUALS POOR PEOPLE POOR RURAL REGIONS POORER HOUSEHOLDS POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT POPULATION GROWTH POVERTY DATA POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY IMPACT POVERTY INDICATORS POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINKAGES POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION PRACTITIONERS PRODUCTION PROCESS PROGRESS PUBLIC POLICY PULL FACTORS PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY PUSH FACTORS QUALITATIVE DATA REDUCTION IN POVERTY REGIONAL CAPITAL REGIONAL LABOR REGIONAL LABOR MARKETS REGIONAL OFFICE REMITTANCE REMITTANCES REMOTE AREAS REMOTE LOCATIONS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT RETURN MIGRATION RISK SHARING RURAL RURAL AREA RURAL AREAS RURAL MIGRATION RURAL REGIONS RURAL VILLAGES SAVINGS SCHOOLING SEX SIBLINGS SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL POLICY SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS SOURCE OF INCOME SOURCE OF OPPORTUNITIES SPILLOVER SPOUSE TEENS TEMPORARY MIGRANTS TEMPORARY MIGRATION TRADITIONAL VALUES UNDOCUMENTED MIGRATION UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN AREAS URBAN CENTER URBAN MIGRATION URBANIZATION USE PER CAPITA VILLAGE VIOLENCE YOUNG ADULTS |
| spellingShingle |
ACCESS TO LOANS ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANCE ADULT MORTALITY ADULT POPULATION AGED AGGREGATE POVERTY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE AIDS EPIDEMIC AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD INCOME BANK OFFICE BASIC NEEDS BENEFITS OF MIGRATION BUSINESS OWNERSHIP CAPITAL INVESTMENT CARIBBEAN REGION CASH EXPENDITURES CHRONIC ILLNESS CITIZENS CONSUMPTION AGGREGATE CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING COPING STRATEGY COUNTERFACTUAL COUNTRY OF DESTINATION CULTURAL BARRIERS DECLINE IN POVERTY DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS DEMOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT BANK DISSEMINATION DIVORCE DOMESTIC LABOR DROUGHT EARNINGS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC SHOCKS EDUCATION LEVEL EDUCATION LEVELS EMPLOYER EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EXCLUSION EXPATRIATES EXPLOITATION EXPORT MARKETS FAMILIES FAMILY MEMBERS FERTILITY FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS FINANCIAL COST FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FULL POTENTIAL OF MIGRATION GENDER GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT GOVERNMENT POLICIES GOVERNMENT POLICY GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD HIV HOUSEHOLD ASSETS HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES ON FOOD HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEAD AGE HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD NUMBER HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUSBAND HUSBANDS ILLNESS IMMIGRATION IMMIGRATION POLICIES IMPACT OF MIGRATION IMPERFECT INFORMATION INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME DYNAMICS INCOME GAINS INCOME GROUPS INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INHERITANCE INSURANCE INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INTERVENTION ISOLATION JOB OPPORTUNITIES KINSHIP KINSHIP NETWORKS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET ACTIVITIES LABOR MARKETS LABOR MOBILITY LACK OF CREDIT LACK OF FINANCE LACK OF INFORMATION LAND HOLDINGS LAND VALUE LEGAL STATUS LIMITED ACCESS LIVING STANDARDS LOAN LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MALARIA MARKET FAILURES MARKETING MEDICAL TREATMENT MIGRANT MIGRANT WORKERS MIGRANTS MIGRATION MIGRATION PROCESS MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MINISTRY OF HEALTH MONEYLENDERS MOTHER MOUNTAIN REGION NATIONAL BORDERS NATURAL DISASTERS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PERMANENT MIGRATION STATUS PHYSICAL CAPITAL POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL INSTABILITY POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR INDIVIDUALS POOR PEOPLE POOR RURAL REGIONS POORER HOUSEHOLDS POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT POPULATION GROWTH POVERTY DATA POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY IMPACT POVERTY INDICATORS POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINKAGES POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION PRACTITIONERS PRODUCTION PROCESS PROGRESS PUBLIC POLICY PULL FACTORS PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY PUSH FACTORS QUALITATIVE DATA REDUCTION IN POVERTY REGIONAL CAPITAL REGIONAL LABOR REGIONAL LABOR MARKETS REGIONAL OFFICE REMITTANCE REMITTANCES REMOTE AREAS REMOTE LOCATIONS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT RETURN MIGRATION RISK SHARING RURAL RURAL AREA RURAL AREAS RURAL MIGRATION RURAL REGIONS RURAL VILLAGES SAVINGS SCHOOLING SEX SIBLINGS SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL POLICY SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS SOURCE OF INCOME SOURCE OF OPPORTUNITIES SPILLOVER SPOUSE TEENS TEMPORARY MIGRANTS TEMPORARY MIGRATION TRADITIONAL VALUES UNDOCUMENTED MIGRATION UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN AREAS URBAN CENTER URBAN MIGRATION URBANIZATION USE PER CAPITA VILLAGE VIOLENCE YOUNG ADULTS Murrugarra, Edmundo Larrison, Jennica Sasin, Marcin Migration and Poverty : Toward Better Opportunities for the Poor |
| relation |
Directions in Development ; poverty |
| description |
Migration has historically been a source
of opportunities for people to improve their lives and those
of their families. Today, the large differences in income
between places-particularly countries-continue to motivate
individuals to escape poverty through migration. The
potential advantages of migration for sending countries are
numerous. Through remittances, migration provides a means of
improving income and smoothing consumption; it enables
households to overcome the lack of credit and cushion the
risks involved in engaging in more productive activities;
and migration can also act as a coping strategy in times of
distress. Remittances can be spent on investments, such as
housing and schooling, and directly on household
consumption. Furthermore, new skills and education may be
acquired at the place of destination and transferred back to
the place of origin. This volume argues that although
migration increases income and often reduces poverty, the
migration opportunities of the poor are different-among the
poor there are fewer migrants, and they travel to
'cheaper' destinations with lower returns. The
main barriers to emigration encountered by the poor are lack
of opportunities and high costs. This translates into lower
returns and, very likely, less poverty reduction. As a
result of this cyclical interconnection, the
poverty-reducing potential that migration holds for
developing countries is often not maximized. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Publication |
| author |
Murrugarra, Edmundo Larrison, Jennica Sasin, Marcin |
| author_facet |
Murrugarra, Edmundo Larrison, Jennica Sasin, Marcin |
| author_sort |
Murrugarra, Edmundo |
| title |
Migration and Poverty : Toward
Better Opportunities for the Poor |
| title_short |
Migration and Poverty : Toward
Better Opportunities for the Poor |
| title_full |
Migration and Poverty : Toward
Better Opportunities for the Poor |
| title_fullStr |
Migration and Poverty : Toward
Better Opportunities for the Poor |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Migration and Poverty : Toward
Better Opportunities for the Poor |
| title_sort |
migration and poverty : toward
better opportunities for the poor |
| publisher |
World Bank |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000356161_20101207012059 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2535 |
| _version_ |
1764385602937028608 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-25352021-04-23T14:02:02Z Migration and Poverty : Toward Better Opportunities for the Poor Murrugarra, Edmundo Larrison, Jennica Sasin, Marcin ACCESS TO LOANS ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANCE ADULT MORTALITY ADULT POPULATION AGED AGGREGATE POVERTY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE AIDS EPIDEMIC AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD INCOME BANK OFFICE BASIC NEEDS BENEFITS OF MIGRATION BUSINESS OWNERSHIP CAPITAL INVESTMENT CARIBBEAN REGION CASH EXPENDITURES CHRONIC ILLNESS CITIZENS CONSUMPTION AGGREGATE CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING COPING STRATEGY COUNTERFACTUAL COUNTRY OF DESTINATION CULTURAL BARRIERS DECLINE IN POVERTY DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS DEMOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT BANK DISSEMINATION DIVORCE DOMESTIC LABOR DROUGHT EARNINGS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC SHOCKS EDUCATION LEVEL EDUCATION LEVELS EMPLOYER EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EXCLUSION EXPATRIATES EXPLOITATION EXPORT MARKETS FAMILIES FAMILY MEMBERS FERTILITY FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS FINANCIAL COST FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FULL POTENTIAL OF MIGRATION GENDER GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT GOVERNMENT POLICIES GOVERNMENT POLICY GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD HIV HOUSEHOLD ASSETS HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES ON FOOD HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEAD AGE HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD NUMBER HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUSBAND HUSBANDS ILLNESS IMMIGRATION IMMIGRATION POLICIES IMPACT OF MIGRATION IMPERFECT INFORMATION INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME DYNAMICS INCOME GAINS INCOME GROUPS INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INHERITANCE INSURANCE INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION INTERVENTION ISOLATION JOB OPPORTUNITIES KINSHIP KINSHIP NETWORKS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET ACTIVITIES LABOR MARKETS LABOR MOBILITY LACK OF CREDIT LACK OF FINANCE LACK OF INFORMATION LAND HOLDINGS LAND VALUE LEGAL STATUS LIMITED ACCESS LIVING STANDARDS LOAN LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MALARIA MARKET FAILURES MARKETING MEDICAL TREATMENT MIGRANT MIGRANT WORKERS MIGRANTS MIGRATION MIGRATION PROCESS MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MINISTRY OF HEALTH MONEYLENDERS MOTHER MOUNTAIN REGION NATIONAL BORDERS NATURAL DISASTERS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PERMANENT MIGRATION STATUS PHYSICAL CAPITAL POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL INSTABILITY POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR INDIVIDUALS POOR PEOPLE POOR RURAL REGIONS POORER HOUSEHOLDS POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT POPULATION GROWTH POVERTY DATA POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY IMPACT POVERTY INDICATORS POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINKAGES POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION PRACTITIONERS PRODUCTION PROCESS PROGRESS PUBLIC POLICY PULL FACTORS PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY PUSH FACTORS QUALITATIVE DATA REDUCTION IN POVERTY REGIONAL CAPITAL REGIONAL LABOR REGIONAL LABOR MARKETS REGIONAL OFFICE REMITTANCE REMITTANCES REMOTE AREAS REMOTE LOCATIONS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT RETURN MIGRATION RISK SHARING RURAL RURAL AREA RURAL AREAS RURAL MIGRATION RURAL REGIONS RURAL VILLAGES SAVINGS SCHOOLING SEX SIBLINGS SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL POLICY SOCIAL PROTECTION SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS SOURCE OF INCOME SOURCE OF OPPORTUNITIES SPILLOVER SPOUSE TEENS TEMPORARY MIGRANTS TEMPORARY MIGRATION TRADITIONAL VALUES UNDOCUMENTED MIGRATION UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN AREAS URBAN CENTER URBAN MIGRATION URBANIZATION USE PER CAPITA VILLAGE VIOLENCE YOUNG ADULTS Migration has historically been a source of opportunities for people to improve their lives and those of their families. Today, the large differences in income between places-particularly countries-continue to motivate individuals to escape poverty through migration. The potential advantages of migration for sending countries are numerous. Through remittances, migration provides a means of improving income and smoothing consumption; it enables households to overcome the lack of credit and cushion the risks involved in engaging in more productive activities; and migration can also act as a coping strategy in times of distress. Remittances can be spent on investments, such as housing and schooling, and directly on household consumption. Furthermore, new skills and education may be acquired at the place of destination and transferred back to the place of origin. This volume argues that although migration increases income and often reduces poverty, the migration opportunities of the poor are different-among the poor there are fewer migrants, and they travel to 'cheaper' destinations with lower returns. The main barriers to emigration encountered by the poor are lack of opportunities and high costs. This translates into lower returns and, very likely, less poverty reduction. As a result of this cyclical interconnection, the poverty-reducing potential that migration holds for developing countries is often not maximized. 2012-03-19T09:35:55Z 2012-03-19T09:35:55Z 2011 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000356161_20101207012059 978-0-8213-8436-7 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2535 English Directions in Development ; poverty CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank Publications & Research :: Publication Publications & Research :: Publication |